Генетическая изоляция и идентичность свиней коммерческих пород и мангалицы
Аннотация
Современное свиноводство балансирует между интенсивным производством на основе высокопродуктивных пород (ландрас, крупная белая, дюрок) и сохранением генетического разнообразия аборигенных пород, таких как венгерская мангалица. Данное исследование направлено на выявление геномных различий между этими группами с использованием полногеномного генотипирования (PorcineHD BeadChip, 66 763 SNP) и анализа генетической дифференциации (Fst). При сравнении пород дюрок и мангалица выявлены 67 SNP и 118 генов, включая AHI1 (эмбриональное развитие), APLP2 (толщина шпика), HECTD2 (мясные качества) и VDAC1 (репродукция). Между крупной белой и породой мангалица обнаружены 97% сходства, идентифицированы 228 генов, среди которых MAPK4 (рост), RPAP3 (иммунитет), MGAT5 (внутримышечный жир) и EXOC4 (число сосков). Между породами ландрас и мангалица идентифицированы 82% сходства, обнаружены 195 генов, включая PTPRD (качество мяса), ITGA9 (устойчивость к АЧС) и NCAM2 (однородность потомства). Исследование вносит вклад в понимание генетических механизмов фенотипической изменчивости и предлагает инструменты для повышения эффективности селекции в свиноводстве.
Ключевые слова
SNP,
генетическая дифференциация,
Fst-анализ,
свиньи,
крупная белая порода,
порода дюрок,
порода ландрас,
порода мангалица
При поддержке: Работа выполнена за счет финансовой поддержки РНФ (проект № 23-46-00014 «Исследование эволюционных событий и поиск общих геномных компонентов у домашних и диких представителей вида Sus scrofa азиатского и европейского происхождений с использованием полногеномного анализа»).
Об авторах
А. А. Белоус
Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт интегрированного рыбоводства — филиал Федерального исследовательского центра животноводства ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста
Россия
Россия
Анна Александровна Белоус - кандидат биологических наук, доцент, директор,
пос. им. Воровского, ул. им. Сергеева, 24, Ногинский р-н, Московская обл., 142460
В. Р. Харзинова
Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста
Россия
Россия
Вероника Руслановна Харзинова - кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный
сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией ДНК-технологий в животноводстве,
пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132
Н. А. Чурбакова
Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста
Россия
Россия
Надежда Александровна Чурбакова - аспирант, младший научный сотрудник,
пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132
Н. А. Зиновьева
Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста
Россия
Россия
Наталия Анатольевна Зиновьева - доктор биологических наук, профессор, академик
Российской академии наук, директор,
пос. Дубровицы, 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская обл., 142132
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Белоус А.А., Харзинова В.Р., Чурбакова Н.А., Зиновьева Н.А. Генетическая изоляция и идентичность свиней коммерческих пород и мангалицы. Аграрная наука. 2025;(10):110-120.
For citation:
Belous A.A., Kharzinova V.R., Churbakova N.A., Zinovieva N.A. Genetic isolation and identity in pigs of rassian and foreign populations. Agrarian science. 2025;(10):110-120. (In Russ.)
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