The effect of functional targeted probiotics on the indicators of nonspecific resistance in young farm animals

The article examines the relationship between the “gut — liver” axis and the mechanisms of influence of functional targeted probiotics on the indicators of nonspecific resistance of farm animals. During evolution, animals have developed a multi-level defense system against environmental factors, the leading component of which is the immune system. This system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiates innate and adaptive immune responses. Of particular importance are phagocytosis and humoral factors of natural resistance (lysozyme, properdin, bactericidal activity of blood serum), as well as the intestinal microbiota, which regulates immune homeostasis within the framework of the “gut — liver” axis. The obtained experimental data demonstrate a pronounced immunomodulatory effect, manifested in a significant increase in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 10–40%, depending on the animal species. The maximum values were recorded in piglets, with an increase of 40.95% (p < 0.001) by the 60th day of the experiment. The study revealed a significant increase in the lysozyme activity of blood serum, reaching 70.27% (p < 0.001) in Bessonovka calves by the end of the observation period. The earliest response was noted in bactericidal activity, where statistically significant differences from the control group were recorded as early as day 3 in calves and day 10 in piglets, with a maximum increase in the indicator of 43.15% (p < 0.001).

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