Характеристика генетической резистентности к вирусу висна-маеди у пород овец, разводимых в России

Актуальность. Лентивирусы мелких жвачных животных (SRLV), в том числе вирус Висна-Маеди (VMV) овец, — заболевания, вызывающие хронические прогрессирующие воспалительные процессы, поражающие нервную систему, легкие, молочную железу, суставы. Вирус характеризуется генетической вариабельностью, поэтому действенной экономически-рентабельной терапии и вакцинации от этой болезни не существует. В исследованиях зарубежных авторов, посвященных данной проблеме, были установлены межпородные различия в резистентности к данному вирусу. Для российских пород овец таких сведений практически нет. Самым достоверным маркером генетической устойчивости к VMV является ген овечьего трансмембранного белка 154 (TMEM154).

Цель исследования — провести сравнительную характеристику параметров аллельного разнообразия российских пород овец по SNP гена TMEM154, ассоциированного с генетической устойчивостью к VMV.

Методы. Материалом для исследования послужили образцы биоматериала (ткани) овец, содержащихся в ПЗ «Ладожский» и из биоресурсной коллекции «Банк генетического материала домашних и диких видов животных и птицы». Генотипы овец, ассоциированные с устойчивостью к VMV, определяли при помощи амплификации фрагмента SNP OAR17_5388531 гена TMEM154 методом ПЦР в реальном времени. Результаты. Анализ полиморфизма гена TMEM154 показал наличие в изучаемых выборках двух аллелей — C и Т и трех генотипов — ТТ, СТ и СС. Были получены данным о распределении генотипов, ассоциированных с устойчивостью к VMV для популяций 18 российских пород овец.

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