Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a common cause of severe clinical and neurological disorders in dogs. Similarities in neuroimaging to other encephalopathies, as well as heterogeneity of clinical signs, make meningoencephalitis (ME) one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose in animals. Statistically, immune-mediated meningoencephalitis is the most common inflammatory pathology of the CNS. Non-infectious meningoencephalitis is diverse and includes diseases similar in origin but differing in location, leading symptoms, and prognosis. In most cases, glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are used to treat autoimmune inflammation of the CNS. Positive effects can be achieved with medications whose primary therapeutic action is immunosuppression and/or their combination with GCS. Monitoring and prognosticating the outcome of meningoencephalitis are primarily based on the dynamics of clinical symptoms and neurological examination of the patient, as well as the results of repeat neuroimaging. Prediction of relapses, long-term remissions, and the prospects for animal survival can be determined based on specific MRI criteria identified during both initial and repeat imaging. For this purpose, morphometric and volumetric MRI are used for both relapse and disease monitoring.

Routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps assess changes in the volume, prevalence, and strength of contrast enhancement of pathological inflammatory foci, which subsequently influences the optimal adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy and the prognosis in dogs with this disease.

The aim of this study was to use morphometric and volumetric MRI characteristics to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and predict the prognosis of autoimmune meningoencephalitis in dogs.

Aim. To assess the clinical and functional outcomes of custom total knee arthroplasty in dogs with osteosarcoma of the distal femur. 
Materials and methods. A retrospective series of three clinical cases (2021–2025).  All patients received preoperative cisplatin chemotherapy, and two of the three also received preoperative radiotherapy. Wide segmental resection of the distal femur was performed, with reconstruction of the defect using a custom endoprosthesis manufactured from computed tomography data by additive technologies. 
Results. Resection within histologically normal tissue (R0) was achieved in two patients; in one patient, focal tumor growth was detected in the bone marrow biopsy taken from the osteotomy site, corresponding to R1 status. No local recurrence at the resection site was recorded in any case, with follow-up periods of 4, 12 and 19 months. Limb weight-bearing function was restored in all patients. Complications comprised arthrofibrosis in one patient, requiring revision surgery. Distant metastases were first detected in all three patients  3.2–4 months after surgery; in patient 3, an additional osteolytic lesion of the tibia was identified at 8.5 months, the mechanism of origin of which could not be determined unequivocally.
Conclusion. Custom total knee arthroplasty provides local tumor control and preserves the weight-bearing function of the limb; the treatment outcome is limited by systemic disease progression.

The second part of this review addresses current approaches to specific immunoprophylaxis and the design of integrated programs for preventing infectious diseases in fish. Major vaccine platforms used or investigated in aquaculture are systematized, including inactivated, live attenuated, subunit, recombinant, DNA, RNA, vector-based and mucosal vaccines. Bacterial and viral targets are analyzed together with experimental strategies aimed at Saprolegnia parasitica and Aphanomyces invadans. Injection, immersion and oral delivery routes are discussed, as well as adjuvants, nanoparticles and biological antigen-delivery systems. Particular attention is given to probiotics as immunological and technological partners of vaccination, including pre-vaccination conditioning, post-vaccination support, probiotic microorganisms as antigen carriers, and combined seasonal prevention schemes. Safety requirements, regulatory considerations and evidence-based assessment are reviewed. A practical model of integrated prevention is presented, combining risk audit, diagnostics, biosecurity, vaccination, microbiota management, nutrition and outcome monitoring. The analysis shows that the strongest preventive effect is achieved not by opposing vaccines and probiotics, but by integrating pathogen-specific immunization with microbiota-oriented and technology-based interventions tailored to the production system.

Relevance. Waterfowl (ducks, geese, and coots) are among the most common and accessible game birds in Russia, occupying a leading position among recreational hunters. The meat of these birds is traditionally used for personal consumption and is perceived as a valuable dietary product, consistent with modern healthy eating trends. However, the fragmented scientific data on the safety of waterfowl, especially in conditions of high anthropogenic load and the circulation of zoonotic pathogens, creates potential health risks for consumers and necessitates systematization of existing information.  
Methods. A keyword search for potentially relevant articles was conducted in electronic databases and open-access websites.  
Results.  Waterfowl meat is characterized by a high protein content and low fat content, confirming its nutritional value. At the same time, significant biological and chemical risks have been identified: waterfowl serve as reservoirs for highly pathogenic avian influenza, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica, E. coli, and parasites (Sarcocystis rileyi, Cryptosporidium spp., and helminths with an infection rate of up to 40%). Lead poisoning (plumbism) caused by ingestion of shot represents the greatest threat; numerous studies have documented lead levels in breast muscles exceeding the permissible concentration, making the meat unsuitable for regular consumption, especially by vulnerable groups. These findings highlight the need for thorough veterinary and sanitary inspections, the replacement of lead shot with alternative ammunition, and the education of hunters and consumers about potential hazards.

The article presents data on the development of a diagnostic tool for the detection and differentiation of NDV RNA of lentogenic and velogenic pathotypes in biological material from chickens by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The work used tissue samples (brain, conjunctiva, trachea, lungs) and flushes (from the trachea and cloaca) obtained from dead chickens with neurological and respiratory signs of the disease in the Russian Federation for the period 2021–2022. Since the study was performed only on pathological material obtained from dead animals, the possibility of using the developed method for early diagnosis of infection was not evaluated. This aspect requires further study using samples obtained from animals at various stages of the development of the infectious process. Parameters such as specificity, sensitivity, and precision were used to evaluate the quality of the diagnostic. As a result of the study, it was found that the sensitivity of the test system we developed is 1000 or more copies/ml of NDV RNA, the specificity is 95%CI 94.8–100%, the coefficient of variation in assessing intra-stop and inter-stop precision in the study of NDV RNA preparations does not exceed 10% and, thus, meets the criteria of suitability of the used the method. 

The experimental subject was rumen fluid (RF) obtained from 10 Kazakh Whitehead bulls, aged 14–15 months, with an average weight of 310–320 kg. Three types of feed were prepared for in vitro laboratory testing: one control and two experimental ones. Wheat bran was used as a substrate.  Rumen fluid was added to the incubator container with the control sample; the experimental samples were additionally added by dry mixing: Cu⁶³ UFР — 0.6 mg/kg of feed (size 55 nm), Fe⁵⁶ UFР — 0.3 mg/kg of feed (size 90 nm). Studies have shown that UFР metals have different effects on fermentation processes in the rumen. The most significant stimulating effect was observed with UFP of Fe. Its introduction led to a 27,3% increase in volatile fatty acid concentrations, a 4,6% increase in dry matter digestibility, and a 61,1% decrease in methane concentrations, indicating the preservation of microbial protein synthesis. This contrasts with UFP of Cu, which demonstrated a decrease in these parameters. The obtained results can be used to evaluate the physiological effects in the body of bulls, their influence on metabolism, the formation of approaches to reducing methane production in the forestomachs of ruminants and will allow us to determine optimal areas of practical application in animal husbandry.

Relevance. The low survival rate of juveniles and reduced resistance to pathogenic microorganisms in adult salmonids in closed-loop aquaculture systems (CLAS) have led to the development of targeted feed additives that bind and eliminate harmful microorganisms and toxins, improving the survival rate, productivity, and health of fish.
Results. In the rainbow trout of the experimental group, morphometric and external parameters were better than in the group of analogues: body weight increased by 9.73% (p < 0.01), body length — by 0.8 cm (p < 0.05), length without caudal fin — by 1.0 cm (p < 0.05), intestinal length — by 7,3 cm (31.6%) (p < 0.01). At the same time, the Fulthons fatness coefficient increased by 3% (p < 0.05), the intestinal length index increased by 29% (p < 0.01); the liver decreased by 2.2% (p < 0.01), and the heart decreased by 13.3 % (p < 0.05) compared to the control.
As a result, 180,48 kg of fish meat was obtained in 30 days of the experiment, the cost of 1 kg of rainbow trout decreased by 27.7%, and the profitability of production increased by 47.53%.When raising sexually mature salmon fish under lowtemperature conditions in closedloop aquaculture systems (12 °C), it is advisable to use a zeolite-probiotic additive (based on Pediococcus acidilactici bacteria on a zeolite matrix) at a dose of 4% of the feed weight, а productive and economic effect has been identified.

Relevance. The efficiency of rearing replacement young stock, determined by age and body weight at first insemination, is a key factor in the profitability of dairy farming. The birth season as a paratypical factor can significantly affect the dynamics of growth and development of heifers, but its influence under the intensive technology conditions of the Middle Urals has been insufficiently studied.
Methods. The study was conducted at a breeding farm in the Sverdlovsk region on Holstein heifers (n=148). The animals were divided into 4 groups depending on the birth season (winter, spring, summer, autumn). Weight growth was monitored by monthly individual weighing from birth to 18 months. Absolute, average daily, and relative gains were calculated. Age and body weight at first and first fruitful insemination were recorded. The data were processed biometrically with an assessment of the reliability of the differences.
Results. It was found that all heifers reached the recommended body weight for insemination (>370 kg). Reliable (p≤0.05–0.01) intergroup differences in the age of first insemination were revealed. Heifers of the autumn birth season were inseminated on average at 14.5 months, which is 0.8–1.1 months earlier than heifers of other groups. At the same time, their body weight at insemination was comparable (380.6 kg). The highest absolute and average daily gains were observed in heifers born in winter and autumn.The birth season is a significant factor influencing the rate at which replacement heifers reach optimal breeding conditions. Heifers from autumn calving, due to better starting conditions and high growth intensity in the first year of life, demonstrate the potential for earlier (at 14.5 months) introduction into the main herd without compromising body weight. The results allow optimizing the seasonal calving structure and young stock rearing technology to reduce the unproductive period and lower costs.

The purpose of the research is to carry out a genetic and statistical analysis of the PIT–1 gene of cows of the red steppe breed with different bloodlines for improving breeds. The research was carried out in the laboratory of animal husbandry of the Omsk Agricultural Research Center. The object of the study: the number of cows of the red steppe breed of one of the farms of the Omsk region. The polymorphism of the PIT-1 gene was studied at the Scientific Laboratory of Biotechnology (Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk). Scientific novelty: for the first time in the Omsk region, the polymorphism of the PIT-1 gene was studied in cows of the red steppe breed with different bloodlines for improving breeds, and a genetic and statistical analysis of the herd was carried out. To conduct the research, six groups of cows with different combinations of improving breeds were formed: Angler, Red Danish and Holstein. The population frequency of allele A (0.24) and allele B (0.76) provided an increased level of homozygosity (63.3%) for the PIT-1 gene. The population frequency of the AA genotype was minimal (6%), and cows with a bloodline of more than 50% of the red Danish breed did not have this genotype. The frequency of occurrence of the heterozygous AB genotype averaged 36% across the entire livestock, and the homozygous BB genotype was 58%. The maximum homozygosity (73–79%) in animals with bloodlines for the Angler breed (up to 50%) and the Red Danish breed (more than 50%) determined a low value of genetic variability (22–28%). The predominance of Holstein blood (more than 50%) contributed to a decrease in homozygosity in red steppe cows to 52.5–60.1%. Increased heterozygosity was found in high-blooded Angler cows (0.66). 

The use of genetic markers in the selection of dairy cattle is a key factor in increasing the productivity of the industry. The introduction of advanced selection methods allows for the targeted improvement of livestock. Of particular value is the study of the relationships between phenotypic and genetic traits that affect the synthesis of key milk proteins, such as betacasein (CSN2), kappa-casein (CSN3), and lactoglobulin (LGB). The study was conducted on 114 Holstein breeding cows. In leptosomal cows, the AA LGB gene and A2A2 CSN2 gene genotypes predominate, while in mesosomal cows, the A1A2 CSN2 gene and AA CSN3 gene genotypes are more common, and in eusomic cows, the A1A2 and A2A2 CSN2 gene genotypes are more prevalent (44-47%), while the AA LGB gene genotype is evenly distributed (53.33%). The BB LGB gene genotype was rarely observed in all types. Productive indicators also varied, mesosomal type cows showed high milk yields and fat yields with genotypes A1A1 (CSN3 gene) and AA (LGB gene), leptosomal type cows were characterized by the best fat yields (22.8–8.1%) and protein (+19.3–5.4%), as well as high milk yields with genotype AA of the CSN3 gene, the highest yields were in cows of the aisome body type with genotypes A1A2 and A2A2 (CSN3 gene), and the maximum increase (15.3–20.9%, or 1583.5–1582.5 kg) with genotype BB of the LGB gene. The obtained data are of practical significance for breeding work, allowing for targeted selection of animals with optimal combinations of genotypes and body types to increase the milk productivity of the herd.

Relevance. In commercial poultry farming, the efficiency of broiler meat production is determined by the genetic potential of the crosses used. A comparative assessment of egg productivity in parent flocks of domestic and foreign crosses under specific production conditions is essential for optimizing technological decisions.
Materials and Methods. The research and production trial was conducted in 2024–2025 at a poultry farm in Penza Oblast, Russian Federation. Parent flocks of Ross 308 (8,870 hens, 756 cockerels) and Smena 9 (9,060 hens, 1,020 cockerels) crosses were studied. The following parameters were evaluated: survival rate, live weight, egg production, hatching egg yield, fertility, hatchability, and economic efficiency. Housing and feeding conditions complied with zootechnical standards.
Results. The survival rate of Ross 308 hens exceeded that of Smena 9 by 6.0%, while the survival rate of Smena 9 cockerels was 14.2% higher. Average egg production of Ross 308 was 17.9% higher. Fertility and hatchability were superior in Smena 9 by 4.8% and 6.5%, respectively. Per initial hen, the Ross 308 parent flock produced 57.0 more hatching eggs and 34.3 more day-old chicks. The profitability of hatching egg and chick production in Ross 308 was 44.6% and 111.6%, respectively, exceeding that of Smena 9 by 32.3% and 37.5%. The use of the Ross 308 parent flock is recommended. 

Relevance. The Article presents a study of the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HGF and GAB1 genes with meat productivity traits in broiler chickens of the «Smena 9» cross. The HGF gene is localized on chromosome 1 and encodes the hepatocyte growth factor involved in the regulation of myoblast proliferation and differentiation.  The GAB1 gene, located on chromosome 4, encodes the docking protein of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, which play a key role in cell growth and myogenesis.
Methodology. The object of the study was broiler chickens of the «Smena 9» cross, raised up to 42 days. Genotyping was performed by RT-PCR using allele-specific probes. The frequencies of the genotypes have been established for the rs313956452 locus of the HGF gene: AA — 0,33; AG — 0,55; GG — 0,12. For the rs313780029 locus of the GAB1 gene, the genotype frequencies were distributed as follows: TT — 0,60; TC — 0.30; CC — 0.10.
Results. Productivity analysis showed that the AA genotype according to HGF is associated with a higher live weight on days 35–42 in chickens and on days 28–42 in roosters (p < 0.05), with a tendency to increase the output of the pectoral and femoral muscles. According to the GAB1 gene, carriers of the CC genotype were found to outperform individuals with the TC genotype in terms of body weight in the early growing periods.
The results obtained confirm the breeding significance of the AA genotype of the HGF gene and the C allele of the GAB1 gene and demonstrate the prospects for their use in markerassociated breeding programs.

In sport horse breeding under conditions of a limited gene pool and geopolitical changes, the intensification of selection and obtaining an objective assessment of phenotypes and breeding values based on horses’ performance have become especially important. Traditional approaches based on highest lifetime achievement don’t take into account the number of starts and age-related characteristics, which leads to biased estimations. The aim of the study was to develop methodological approaches for assessing of phenotype and breeding value of horses by their own performance in sport, using the Russian Riding breed in dressage as a case study. The material consists of the competition results of all Russian Riding horses in dressage from 2010 to 2025. To assess the phenotype used the corrected transformed rank for the season (KTR), the sum of KTR,  the Smoothed indicator R, and standardized phenotype assessment (SPA), calculated from average KTR using group means and standard deviations. Breeding value was estimated using the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) method, Animal Model.  The shrinkage parameter k were established for the Smoothed indicator R of the Russian Riding horses in dressage. Rank correlations between different indicators were determined, simplified SPA formulas and a calibration of the (grading) bonitation scale were proposed. It was shown that the  Smoothed indicator R agrees well with EBV and can be used as a phenotypic alternative to BLUP for assessing horses’ performance.  The SPA (standardized phenotype assessment) can be used as a simplified assessment tool when start data are unavailable. The results indicate that the proposed approach is suitable for the practical evaluation of horses’ performance in sport horse breeding, as well as for ranking animals when the data required for full-scale genetic calculations are insufficient.

Relevance. The dairy productivity of first-calf cows depends on many factors, including their origin. In breeding cattle, it is necessary to take into account the linear affiliation of the daughters of bulls of different origins. Breeding enterprises of the Leningrad region specialize in the cultivation of Holstein cattle, characterized by high dairy productivity. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the milk productivity of Holstein cows of different origins after their first lactation.
Methods. The object of the study was cows of the Holstein breed (915 heads) of the lines Vis Back Ideal 1013415 (339 heads) and Reflection Sowering 198998 (576 heads) with completed first lactation. Research materials are data from zootechnical and breeding records for the period of scientific and economic experience. According to the data of monthly control milking, a comparative analysis of dairy productivity of cows by milk yield for 100, 200 and 305 days of lactation, the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk was carried out. According to the generally accepted method, the amount of milk fat and protein is calculated. 
Results. It was found that during lactation, individuals of different lines produced milk with different intensities. Thus, during the breeding period, cows of the Reflection Sowering 198998 line surpassed their peers in milk yield by 3.6%, 200 days of lactation — 3.5%, 305 days — 5.2%, for the whole lactation the difference was 5.5%. Differences between the groups of the studied animals on the qualitative composition of milk were insignificant, and the existing fluctuations in the content of fat and protein in milk during lactation were caused by the regularities of lactation activity of cows. The origin of cows from outstanding breeding bulls has a significant impact on the dairy productivity of first-calf cows, which is taken into account in breeding work with the herd. The highest milk yield for lactation was obtained from the daughters of the bulls of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 Salute 1250 and Silver 1214 (10352-10372 kg) line, as well as the Reflection Sowering 198998 — Alta Instance 11747 and Napoleon 9840 (10256-10274 kg) line. This allows us to recommend the listed bulls in breeding and breeding work with the Holstein breed in the herd of a breeding enterprise in the direction of increasing the dairy productivity of livestock and improving the quality of milk.

The studies were conducted in the educational garden of the Oryol State Agrarian University (Oryol, Oryol Region, Russia) on dark gray forest soil. The orchard was planted in October 2021 with one-year-old seedlings in a 3x5 m layout (rootstock 54-118). The objects of the study were apple trees of the Veteran and Orlovskoe Polosatoe varieties, as well as the organic-mineral fertilizer-biostimulant Biostim Universal, which contains 6.0% N (total), 1.3% K₂O, 5.0% SO₃, and 10.0% free amino acids of plant origin. Leaf fertilization was carried out 4 times per season. The experience scheme: 1 - control (without treatment); 2-4 - spraying of trees with agrochemicals with consumption rates of 3, 5 and 7 liters/ha. The repetition of the experiment is threefold, with 5 trees each. In July 2025, there was a pronounced drought due to abnormal heat, including an absolute season high of +34.3 °C. The GTC was 0.6, which is classified as an average drought. The water content of apple tree leaves directly depends on the level of moisture availability. In conditions of overwatering (June and August), this indicator was maximum (62.464.7%), whereas in the dry period (July), it decreased to 54.2–55.9%, depending on the variety. The use of organic-mineral fertilizer-biostimulant increased leaf moisture content and reduced water deficit. The most pronounced positive effect was observed at a dose of 7 l/ha: the increase in leaf water content was up to 2.7% (under drought conditions); the water deficit decreased by 2.9% compared to the control in both varieties; and the transpiration rate decreased by 3.5–3.9 mg/cm²·h, indicating a more efficient use of moisture. The Orlovskoe Polosatoe variety showed higher water content values under favorable conditions, but the difference between the varieties was insignificant during the stressful period (July). The Veteran variety initially had a lower transpiration rate, but it responded well to biostimulant treatments, especially in terms of reducing transpiration losses.

Relevance. In the conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the deficit of high-protein feeds limits livestock productivity. The cultivation of maize on permafrost-affected soils requires the development of effective agronomic practices, including the combined use of mineral fertilizers and biological preparations.
Methods. The research was conducted in 2024-2025 on permafrost-affected sod-meadow soil at the Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The experimental scheme included 9 treatments: control, N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀, N₉₀P₉₀K₉₀, biological preparations «Fito Nord — Bakt» and «Mamontenok» (Bacillus subtilis strains), as well as their combinations with fertilizers against a background of row spacings of 30 and 60 cm. Yield, chemical composition (using an infrared analyzer Spectra Star 2200), and economic efficiency were determined.
Results. The highest green mass yield of maize (38.9 t/ha at 30 cm row spacing and 38.6 t/ha at 60 cm row spacing) was obtained with the combined application of N90P90K90 and the biological preparation «Mamontenok». The crude protein content reached 22.122.4%, which is significantly higher than the control. The use of biological preparations improved biometric parameters and plant resistance to stressful weather conditions (en dash:  HTC 0.3–0.7). Economic assessment showed a profitability of up to 90% (N₉₀P₉₀K₉₀ + + «Mamontenok» treatment, 60 cm row spacing) with a conditional net income of 36 586 rubles/ha. Wide-row sowing (60 cm) provided better plant access to light and heat. The integrated application of N₉₀P₉₀K₉₀ and the biological preparation «Mamontenok» is an economically sound and highly profitable technique for maize cultivation in the permafrost zone of Yakutia.

Dehulling of oilseeds leaves husk, which oil extraction plants burn in their own boiler houses in place of purchased natural gas. Fuel saving reserves for such a substitution are usually estimated on the assumption that the excess air ratio and the incomplete combustion loss fall together. This work quantifies those reserves with a physically consistent treatment of incomplete combustion and a carbon monoxide constraint. The chemical and mechanical incomplete combustion losses are represented by functions that rise as the excess air ratio is reduced, calibrated against published field tests, and the operating point is located as the constrained minimum of the total loss. The model was verified against 16 measured regimes of a DKVr-6.5-13GM boiler: the flue gas heat loss was reproduced with a bias of -0.08 pp and a standard deviation of 0.03 pp. On natural gas, replacing the standard controls with combined oxygen and carbon monoxide control raises the gross efficiency from 91.34 to 92.83% (measured: 91.31 and 92.78%), yet 1.12 of the 1.49 pp comes from the lower flue gas temperature rather than from the air regime; for a DE-25-14GM boiler the gain falls anywhere between zero and 2.25 pp and is fixed by the site-specific parameter αCO. Upon conversion to granulated sunflower husk the reserve changes sign: for a DKVr-10-13 boiler, holding carbon monoxide at 500 mg/m³ requires raising the excess air ratio from 1.82 to 1.95–2.21, at a cost of 0.22–1.17 pp of gross efficiency, whereas the attainable 1.04 pp lies in air distribution and flue gas temperature. Batch variability of the agricultural feedstock spreads the admissible oxygen setpoint over 10.0–14.1 vol. %, which rules out a fixed regime chart. Gradient boosting recovers the setpoint with a mean absolute error of 0.197% O₂ at R² = 0.940, against 0.796% O₂ for a fixed setpoint, and its quantile loss variant keeps the constraint satisfied in 92.1% of the regimes at a cost of 0.52 pp instead of 1.83 pp.

Relevance. Detecting poultry meat defects is a relevant area for researchers worldwide. Various artificial intelligence methods are increasingly being used for this purpose. This article provides examples and an analysis of modern artificial intelligence and computer vision methods used for automated quality control of poultry carcasses in agro-industrial enterprises. The need for an integrated approach to solving poultry meat quality control problems is identified. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for an intelligent system for detecting defects in broiler chicken carcasses in an industrial setting. 
Methods.  The subject of this development is an intelligent system for detecting defects in broiler chicken carcasses. To develop the algorithm, an analysis of the operation of an automated slaughter and cutting line at an operating poultry farm was conducted.  This study was conducted on ROSS-308 broiler chickens, sent for slaughter on days 38–42 of rearing. 
Results.  This paper presents a step-by-step methodology. It includes collecting and annotating images from two angles, classifying live and process defects, applying computer vision and convolutional neural network methods, data augmentation, training the YOLO11 model, data synthesis, creating a user interface, and pilot testing. The proposed algorithm aims to improve detection accuracy, reduce labor costs, and optimize production processes on poultry farms. The algorithm presented in this paper will enable the successful development and implementation of an intelligent system for detecting poultry carcass defects, improving product quality. This project will also help create a comprehensive database of broiler carcass defects. 

The objective of this study was to establish the feasibility of completely replacing sucrose with fruit and vegetable syrups in the production of ice cream with a milk fat content of 12%. The objectives of the study were to determine the impact of this raw material on ice cream quality during production and long-term (over 12 months) storage, and to conduct a tasting evaluation of the finished product to determine the acceptability of the sweetness profile relative to the typical level of traditional sucrose-based ice cream. The object of the study was ice cream with a milk fat content of 12%. The control ice cream sample contained 14% sucrose; in the experimental ice cream samples, it was replaced with fruit and vegetable syrups in equivalent amounts based on dry matter. The addition of syrups did not significantly affect the overrun parameter. The use of date and carob syrups affected the acidity of the finished ice cream, leading to a 2- and 2.5-fold increase in titratable acidity compared to the control sample. In the test samples, the cryoscopic temperature was 0.56–1.22 °C, or 20–44% lower, than in the control. The use of syrups increased the dynamic viscosity of the mixture by 1.1 to 2.6 times, depending on the syrup type. The test samples were significantly softer than the control. The shortest induction period was observed for the samples containing sucrose and blue agave. The induction period in ice cream with Jerusalem artichoke syrup was 1.2 times longer than that of the control, and in samples with date and carob syrups, it was 1.5 and 2.2 times longer.  

Relevance. Wild berries are an ecologically safe source of valuable nutrients and antioxidants in the human diet. There are various methods of processing and preserving berries, allowing them to preserve their beneficial properties for a long time.  One of the most effective ways to preserve products by quickly and completely removing moisture is freeze drying, during which the product is exposed to vacuum, followed by sublimation and desorption of water.
Methods and objects of research. The objects of research were wild berries harvested in the phase of technical ripeness in 2024 on the territory of the Western zone of Yakutia. Freezedrying of the berries was carried out at a temperature of 16 °C for 24 hours on an AK 6-50 drying unit manufactured by ProfLab Group of Companies (Russia). Research methods are generally accepted and standard. 
Results. It has been established that wild berries retain the best organoleptic properties during freeze-drying.  It has been shown that the sucrose content in blueberries decreases by 3.26%, and in rosehip berries — increases by 0.32%. Sublimation reduces the content of ascorbic acid in blueberries by 28%, in rosehip berries — by 3 times, anthocyanin cyanidin3,5-diglycoside — by 9 and 29%, respectively, and the content of catechins increases by 5 and 10 times.. 

The results of the scientific work for updating the Polythematic Information Search Thesaurus of Agriculture and Foods, developed at the FSBSI CSAL, are presented; the updating is aimed at accurately representing the content of documents in the process of indexing, providing the unified data presentation, adequately describing subject domains and increasing the searching possibilities of the thesaurus. The main functions of the thesaurus are considered; the thesaurus is a complicated terminological system, between the elements of which (lexical items) there are different types of sense relations. In the process of updating the thesaurus, the following work was carried out: selection and normalization of lexical items; building of classification schemes; editing of lexical items already included in the thesaurus. In the study, the content of the information search thesaurus was enriched with new lexis in the following subject domains: plant protection, enzymology, forest husbandry, ornamental horticulture, food and processing industry. The result of the scientific work for updating was a new thesaurus version comprising 72 552 lexical items. More than 35 400 terms are scientific (Latin) names of organisms (of them 1780 are new). Totally more than 4100 concepts were corrected (added, amended, deleted). The updated version of the thesaurus, comprising new terminology, enables adequately describing subject domains and accurately disclosing the content of a document during its scientific processing, and is an effective tool for indexing and thematic searching. The generation and development of the Information Search Thesaurus of Agriculture and Foods of the FSBSI CSAL meet the state-of-the-art of thesauri. The scope of the thesaurus, the capacity of its lexical entries and the sense relations of terms presented in it allow sufficiently fully describing the subject domains relating to the problems of the Agro-Industrial Complex.