The article is devoted to the solution of a relevant task - the development of the priority directions of economic efficiency increase of poultry meat production, and a complex of the perspective scientifically-based actions providing dynamic development of the branch under the modern conditions. The research is based on the hypothesis, that only integrated solution of organizational, economic and technological problems on the basis of the latest scientific developments, adaptation of the production to the requirements of the market will promote increase in the efficiency of the branch. Doing the research some methods were used, such as observation, analysis, comparison, generalization; monographic, abstract and logical, economical and statistical ones. It is emphasized, that nearly half of the meat resources produced in the domestic market is the poultry providing availability of animal origin protein. On the basis of the analysis of statistical data on production of poultry leading regions in 2016 are determined. The authors along with the Federal Scientific Research Center of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry of the RAS developed a model of innovative and technological development of poultry farming and approved it on the farms in various regions of Russia. The research allows to define the priority directions of the further functioning of the branch in the Russian regions from the point of view of sustainable development, using the economically justified resource-saving technologies. The results of the research can be used during working-out of the regional programs of poultry farming development.

This article presents results of the study conducted in Uzbek Research Institute of Sericulture. Silkworm breeds were tested for resistance to highly dangerous infectious diseases. As a result of the study, the rank characteristic of 45 breeds of silkworm was drawn up according to their resistance to nuclear polyhedrosis and nosematosis. The results of the test for resistance to nuclear polyhedrosis in the first rank (11 breeds) showed 89.5-94.7% resistance. 11 breeds of the third rank were less resistant to nuclear polyhedrosis, the resistance was 45.4-68.8%. Regarding to the resistance to nosematosis, there were determined 11 breeds, which had the highest resistance to nosematosis, namely, 71.2-81.8%. Using the breeds with high resistance to diseases will contribute to the production of better hybrid grain with higher resistance to nuclear polyhedrosis and nosematosis. On the basis of long-term studies of genetic resistance, there was developed "The cadastre of silkworm breeds according to their resistance to highly dangerous diseases (nuclear polyhedrosis and nosematosis)”

The study was conducted in ZAO "Novaya Zhizn” in Saratov region. Stavropol breed ewes of the local population were inseminated with sperm of highly productive half-blood Australian meat Merino rams, as a result there was received 1/4AMM+3/4ST offspring. Then these sheep were bred inter se. Productivity indicators were studied in the resulting offspring under one year of age and at the age 13-14 months. After that backcrossing of 1/4AMM+3/4ST with Stavropol breed was performed, as a result, there was received 1/8AMM+7/8ST offspring, productivity indicators were studied in the animals under one year of age and at the age 13-14 months. After that the productivity indicators were determined through consolidation by selecting crossbred 1/8AMM+7/8ST sheep, the experimental data on the use of the genotype of Australian meat Merino in the local Stavropol population were analyzed and summarized. The body weight of 1/8АММ Stavropol breed gimmers was 7.67% (P > 0.999) higher than the body weight of their purebred herdmates. The shearing of greasy wool from the crossbred gimmers was 5.97% higher (Р > 0,999), the shearing of pure wool was 1.46% higher. The wool with almost the same amount of mechanical impurities was less greasy (26.3 and 24.6%, respectively), had lower iodine value (21.9 and 20.5 units, respectively) and was more cream-colored. Thus, 1/8 hybrids at the age of 13-14 months showed high rates of wool quality and body weight in comparison with purebred animals.

Though population in Uzbekistan is supplied with grain products, the development of varieties resistant to biotic and abiotic environment factors is the main problem. Under the climate conditions of Uzbekistan more than 10 types of diseases cause damage to crops. In recent years, due to the widespread prevalence of stripe and leaf rust, farmers use fungicides, which significantly reduce the economic efficiency of production. The main reason is the application of varieties, which are not resistant to diseases, climate conditions favorable for disease development. The study presents the results of the comprehensive study performed on varieties of winter wheat, samples of the gene pool of CIMMYT and ICARDA brought from Russia and Commonwealth countries. The study was conducted on an artificially infected site in Tashkent region. As a result, there were revealed sources with high rates of valuable economic signs, resistance to stripe and leaf rust.

When growing spring wheat, the choice of one or another cultivation technology introduced on the basis of resource conservation, crop rotation, and the choice of optimal methods for tillage, has a significant influence on the efficiency of production. Recently, the choice of technology is primarily determined by profitability of cultivating a particular culture, which makes it necessary to choose such cultivation systems, which, when mastered, will obtain the maximum possible economic effect against the background of a general decline in production costs. Thus, the economic evaluation of spring wheat cultivation performed in various modes of minimizing production costs shows that the cost of production of this crop per 1 ha will be minimal for all types of optimization of tillage. For example, if you use No-till technology, the costs will be only 8.21 thousand rubles / ha, without using fertilizers, which is 4 thousand rubles less than after the traditional fall plowing, where the costs will be about 12.21 thousand rubles /ha. However, a decrease to 1.001 / ha in the yield of spring wheat after No-till after the yield of 1.94 t / ha received after the traditional fall tillage showed that the production profitability after No-till (application of glyphosates instead of soil cultivation) was only 28.8% against the system where no fertilizers had been used. At the same time, the production profitability after the traditional fall plowing against the system where no mineral fertilizers had been used was twice higher and reached 58.9%.

The development of new, more accurate methods for calculating doses of nitrogen fertilizers is a very urgent problem, because it allows to solve several tasks: to increase the ecological safety of crop production; to increase the payback of nitrogen fertilizers; to improve the technology of crop cultivation. As a result of many years of field experiments performed on the basis of the Institute and agricultural enterprises of Krasnodar Krai, there was obtained extensive information on the relationship of the yield of winter wheat with the state of agrophytocenosis and the conditions for its cultivation in spring. The mathematical analysis of this data revealed a multiple nonlinear regression dependence of the dose of the first nitrogen fertilization on the level of effective fertility of the soil (in a 0-40 cm layer) in early spring, density of agrophytocenosis and expected yield. On this basis, a new method for calculating doses of the first nitrogen fertilization for winter crops was developed. The article presents the results of the study (in a small-plot experiment) of the dependence of yields of the three promising varieties of winter barley of KNIISH breeding (“K-1”, “Serp”, "Toma”) on predecessors, genotype, nitrogen fertilizers and methods for their calculation. The test was repeated 4 times. The variants of the experiment included: 1-control (without fertilizers); 2-dose of the first nitrogen fertilization was calculated according to the Prototype; 3-dose of the first nitrogen fertilization was calculated by the New method. It was established that the yield of winter barley depended on a number of agrotechnical and genotypic factors (R² = 0.9); There was revealed the effectiveness of the new method for calculating the dose of the first nitrogen fertilization, which provided a reliable increase in the yield of winter barley (by 0.44 t/ha) and the payback of fertilizers (by 52%) in comparison with the Prototype. The method was patented (Russia).

To create varieties with high yield and better indicators of grain quality, with high resistance to abiotic factors, diseases, pests for irrigated areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan it is important to choose right source material for crossing. In the process of creating high-yielding varieties, the selection of pairs for crossing was performed on the basis of productive characteristics of crops. For example, for wheat, it is the grain size, the weight of 1000 grains, the productivity of the variety, etc. When creating early-ripening varieties, it is important to take into account the duration of phases of the development of plant. To do this, it is important to study the resistance of the samples to abiotic and biotic factors, productivity, grain quality, morphological and biological characteristics and other economically valuable features of the source material and to identify donors in various selection directions. 100 varieties from different ecological and geographical regions were studied on more than 20 features at Kashkadarya branch of Research Institute for Grain and Leguminous crops. In particular, the phases of development of wheat were evaluated; the main goal was to select early ripening varieties with a minimum duration of development phases. As a result of the study, there were selected 14 early ripening samples, their duration of growing season lasted 161-163 days. The remaining varieties were identified as medium- and late-ripening crops. The main research criteria were indicators of yield, productivity; in the end the most productive varieties suitable for local climate conditions were selected. According to the results of the study the following samples were chosen for use: 70 samples with the medium plant height, 7 samples with high yield (above the standard), 59 samples with higher weight index of 1000 grains (above 40 g). Moreover, samples with the highest indicators of grain quality were selected: 63 samples with high protein content (above 14%), 48 samples with gluten content above 28%.