The experiment was conducted on the use of prebiotics “Spirulina platensis” and “Lactusan” in pig breeding. The goal was to determine the feasibility of feeding the drugs. The experiment was conducted in the farm of an individual entrepreneur in the Rostov region. Three groups of large white breed animals were formed, including two groups of 30 piglets each receiving prebiotics: the first, the prebiotic Spirulina, the second, Lactusan, the third group of the same number did not receive prebiotics and served as control. It was established that in sows, which, up to four months of age, were given with food prebiotics “Spirulina” by 0.25-0.50 g and “Lactusan” by 10-20 g were more resistant to opportunistic microflora. It has been established that the prebiotic “Spirulina” should be added to feed of 0.25 g per day per pig from the age of two days up to two months and at 0.50 g per day up to four months. “Lactusan” is added to feed at a dose of 10 g per animal per day, starting from seven days old up to two months, and 20.0 g per day-up to four months old.It was established that in sows, which, up to the age of four months, were given 0.25-0.50 g each with “Spirulina” feed and 10-20 g Lactusan, resistance to conditionally pathogenic micro flora was higher. The authors propose to add to the feed “Spirulina” 0.25 g per day from seven days of age and 0.50 g per day from two months of age.

Pharmacokinetics of tiamulin and doxycicline in the blood plasma of piglets was investigated following single intramuscular administration of Tiacyclin solution for injection as a part of the preclinical studies. Tiacyclin solution for injection, was administered to 6 piglets once intramuscularly in the neck area at the dose of 1 ml/12,5 kg. In 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 3,0; 6,0; 12,0; 18,0; 24,0; 48,0 and 96,0 hours following Tiacyclin administration blood samples were collected and tiamulin and doxycicline concentrations in blood plasma were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography using a fluorescent detection. The pharmacokinetic profile of tiamulin and doxycicline in blood plasma of piglets was established.

One of the diseases that cause significant economic damage in the poultry industry is necrosis of the femoral head (NGBC). The variety of etiological factors and complex pathogenesis of NGBC affect the formation of ideas about this disease. The article presents data on the etiopathogenesis of OGBs in poultry on the basis of research by domestic and foreign scientists.

Agricultural land reclamation includes many consumers of the most important natural resources - land and water, therefore the importance of the reclamation activity management regarding the ecological conditions within the agricultural landscapes unlikely to be overestimated. Due to the growth of the relevance, theoretical and practical importance as well as high "expenses” in the case of negative consequences, the issue of improving the quality of decision making is one of the priority tasks in this field of the economy now. The analysis of information technologies’ application into land reclamation is carried out. The necessity, possibility and expediency of accelerated development of automated technologies to provide high-precision control of agroecosystems, which solves the problem of energy and resource saving in domestic agricultural production, by effective patterns of controlled processes identification are being proved. The use of innovative methods of processing and transformation of raw and intermediate data and information is being considered. The forecast ways to improve digital development in agricultural production in the reclaimed lands are the following: cloud solutions; technologies of formation and processing of "Big Data ”; software-controlled systems focused on providing the user, who is not the owner of the technical equipment, with the resulting information to corrective actions; software-controlled complexes of information support of corrective actions; artificial intelligence, etc. are given.

Productivity of the sown pastures created in the conditions of the Central Yakutia, first of all, depends on security of grasses with nitrogen. The rational combination of biological and mineral nitrogen helps to solve the problems of plant protein in the permafrost soils of Yakutia. The need to use a biological source of nitrogen is currently due to the lack and high cost of nitrogen fertilizers supplied. An important environmentally friendly source of nitrogen is biological nitrogen accumulated by perennial legumes due to symbiosis with nodule bacteria. Legumes have the unique ability to provide themselves with the necessary amount of biological nitrogen and enrich the soil with it. The aim of the research is to study the effect of alfalfa sowing on the productivity of legume-grass stand during haying. Research on the effect of seeding alfalfa on productivity conducted in the scientific station of Institute. Overseeding alfalfa were the summer sowing. Experience laid on the herbage of the seventh year of life (1997). Experience had 8 options: 4 options grasses - lakokraski Sitnikova grade Mancari, awnless brome variety Khaptagayskiy, legume-grass pasture includes grasses and alfalfa sickle grade Yakut yellow in 4-fold repetition. The efficiency of mineral nitrogen (N₁₂₀) against the background of P₆₀K₆₀ was studied, inoculation of alfalfa seeds was carried out using the bacterial preparation Yakut local strain KB № 1. The article presents the results of studies on the effect of alfalfa seeding on the productivity of old-age cereal and legume-grass. An optimal species composition of cereal, legume-cereal grass, yield formation, and determines the productivity of seeded grass stands when haying use. According to the results of studies, the seeded grass of the thirteenth year of life with the introduction of N₁₂₀ formed the maximum yield in the cereal grass to 2,4 t/ha of dry matter and exceeded the control by 118%, the exchange energy of 19,8,GJ/ha of raw protein 449 kg/ha, feed units 1,2 thousand from 1 ha. Higher productivity was obtained by switching on alfalfa legume-cereal grass under scarification - 1.4 thousand feed. Significant increase in the sowing of inoculated alfalfa seeds obtained a maximum yield of 3.4 t/ha of dry matter. Under the influence of inoculation of seeds, the productivity of grass increases by 353 feed unit per 1 ha, exchange energy per 5.6 GJ, crude protein per 3.0 C. dry matter. The highest increase in nitrogen collection was obtained in the variant with alfalfa sowing at inoculation up to 604 kg/ha, which can replace the use of mineral nitrogen at a dose of 224 kg per hectare. Thus, to increase the productivity of sown legume-grass stands, it is necessary to use the bacterial preparation Yakut local strain KB № 1.

To improve the efficiency of solar energy use in greenhouses in the farm, along with the improvement of optical and thermal properties of translucent fences should strive to ensure the necessary temperature regime for the normal development of cultivated vegetation in them. In order to elaborate parameters of steam-gas environment, the soil of the plant should concretize the numerical value of the parameters of the working environments of the gas, soil and plants. To the question of the effect of vegetation cover on the temperature-humid soil mode in the greenhouse of one of the well-researched means is a steam-air mixture, which is often used as a working body in many processes and devices.

The problem of group or complex immunity becomes a real fact that can be used in practical selection. As a result of many years of breeding work, a varietie of winter garlic was created "Pamyati Nina Arsentievna”. The variety is resistant to abiotic (winter hardiness, high humidity) and biotic (peronosporosis, Fusarium, rot of bulb onion) stress factors. The variety is midseason, universal use, winter arrow, sharp. Winter hardiness is good, marksman friendly. The period from full germination to harvest 280-295 days. The bulb is round, weighing 60-65 g, with 6-8 teeth, the mass of a tooth is 10-13 g (in the standard Yubileyniy 07 - 9.5 g). The structure of a clove is simple. Variety refers to the large-toothed. The variety has a rich chemical composition, namely: a high content of ascorbic acid, iodine, iron, vitamins of group B and PP, as well as an essential amino acid - lysine. The average yield of commodity bulbs is 110-130 c/ha or 11.0-13.0 t/ha, with a standard yield of 94 c/ha, or 9.4 t/ha. The variety in February 2019 was included in the State Register of breeding achievements approved for use for cultivation in all regions of the Russian Federation for open ground, and a patent was obtained for it.

In the intensification of fodder production, high-yield, highprotein and environmentally sustainable varieties of fodder crops are of fundamental importance. In this task, the main role is given to legumes, the priority among which is clover. Clover is one of the leading forage crops in many regions of Russia. In particular, in the North Caucasus in the field and meadow feed production clover is of great importance. On hayfields and mountain pastures, this crop is used as a high-protein component in the agro- and phytocenosis. The role of clover as a cheap source of protein for animals and an excellent precursor in the link to crop rotation is well known. Its agrotechnical significance is also great: thanks to nodule bacteria settling on the roots of clover, it is able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. Clover roots penetrate deep into the earth, loosen the soil layers, removing nutrients that are difficult to reach for other plants, enrich the soil with organic matter, improve its structure, physical qualities, fix the arable layer and protect it from water and wind erosion. The article reviews the results of clover samples evaluation in vivo development in order to create varieties of clover resistant to the most harmful diseases. According to S.A. Bekuzarova, for foothill areas characterized by complex environmental conditions, we need varieties resistant to diseases. Such varieties are currently lacking, since preference in breeding was given to potential productivity [1, 2]. In order to create varieties of clover resistant to the most harmful diseases, samples were evaluated in the natural conditions of mountain phytocenoses and in the nurseries of their breeding process for such diseases as ascochitis, anthracnose, brown spot, powdery mildew, and the selection of disease-resistant samples - on an artificial infectious background . In collection nurseries, perennial meadow clover and annual species of incarnate, Alexandria, shabdar were studied. In terms of resistance to the complex of diseases, samples have been identified that allow the development of a variety with high disease-resistant characteristics, using wild-growing forms of natural phytocenoses and introduced annual clover species as the starting material.

In the breeding of winter rye on the basis of CMS sterile cytoplasm of P-type which distinctive feature is low frequency of restorators of fertility is widely used. It creates certain difficulties in the breeding of hybrid rye. Detection of new effective restorators of male fertility in sterile cytoplasm of P-type was the purpose of the conducted researches. Evaluated an index of restoration of fertility (RI) at the test cross connects received from crossing of 16 two-line synthetics and 21 inbred lines with the line N-1185 taken as tester CMS. At test cross connects with an involvement of inbred lines the RI index varied from 8,4 to 86,1%, and at test cross connects with an involvement of synthetics - from 12,2 to 90,0%. It is set that the majority of the studied synthetics and inbred lines only partially recovered male fertility in test crossings. Almost complete restoration of pollen fertility (at the level of % RI > 67) was shown only by 7 synthetic from 16 and 2 inbred lines from 21. The special attention is deserved C-8090/12 synthetics (RI = 90,0%) and C-8082/12 (RI = 88,4%), and also by the N-663 and N-649 lines which appeared the partial restorators of fertility. They are of interest to breeding of pollen parents of commercial hybrids. Dedicated lines of N-451, N-732 and N-1185 which showed almost complete fixing of sterility (RI = 0,9 ... 1,6%). The prospects their use in breeding of hybrid winter rye are discussed.

In the course of the study (2011-2018), the stability of winter wheat varieties and lines was assessed by the reaction of plants to water stress and their ability to mobilize protective mechanisms was determined. The results indicate a high toxic effect on plants waterlogging, which is manifested in depression of seedlings, rotting and seed death. On the backgrounds of exposure to this stress identified samples, clearly reacting to excessive waterlogging. The main diagnostic indicator of this method is the germination of seeds in the conditions of their artificial flooding, which, like germination and infection with diseases, is largely determined by weather conditions. Analysis of the formation of winter wheat seeds during the study period showed that hydrothermal conditions were favorable, except for 2013 (rains during harvesting), and germination ranged from 94 to 96 %, in 2013 - 90 %. A longterm study of the spectrum of pathogens of seed infection of winter wheat revealed a pathogenic complex represented by the genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichothecium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Rhyzopus, of which the most common and dangerous is Fusarium. Germination is largely determined by the level of Fusarium infection, which over the years of research (2001-2018) did not exceed 9 %. On the background of anaerobic stress have been revealed the cultivars with the long-term and sustainable response to prolonged waterlogging, among them - Nemchinovskya 17, Nemchinovskya 24, and Moskovskaya 39. High capacity of resistance to hypoxia is characterized by lines and to a lesser extent prone to depression - Eritrospermum 3512/10 (Ital.988 x Pamyati Fedina), MV Abigel x Moscovskaya 39, (Soldier x Moscovskaya 39) x Moscovskaya 56, Erythrospermum 689/16 (Nemchinovskaya 17 x Moscovskaya 39), etc.

The article presents results of research conducted in 20112014 in the steppe zone of the Crimean peninsula on the nonirrigated lands of the Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea. The aim of the research was to optimize the sowing terms barley of different biotypes in the conditions of the steppe zone of Crimea, to study the characteristics of the formation of barley agrobiocenosis in the system of technological methods of its cultivation and to develop on this basis the basic elements of agricultural technology adapted to modern conditions, which provides the most complete disclosure of the potential of productivity and sustainability to unfavorable development conditions, as well as an increase in resistance to pests of winter barley and two-handles in conditions of Crimean steppe. The terms of winter barley sowing have been improved due to changes in weather and climatic conditions. For the first time, the processes of growth and development of winter barley and two-handle barley when it was grown under conditions of the steppe part of the Crimea were studied. The practical significance of the obtained results is that for the conditions of the steppe zone of Crimea agricultural enterprises are recommended optimal terms for sowing winter barley and two-handles, which allows minimizing the negative impact of environmental conditions and ensuring active growth, increase and productivity of plants, as well as obtaining high-quality grain without additional costs of cultivation.

The article deals with topical issues of balanced, rational environmental management in agriculture, ensuring food and environmental security of the country. Loads on arable land, especially in the south of the country, are often excessive. Excessive plowing lands and focus on economically attractive culture, monocultures, reduction of biodiversity, imbalance in the structure of sown areas and crop rotations lead to depletion and destruction of land, the development of erosion, deflation, dehumification, increased drought and desertification. All this leads to a deterioration of phytosanitary conditions and a decrease in crop resistance to diseases and pests. The basis of the system of foodand environmentalsecurity of Russia liesin the maximum use of natural and climatic resources, geographical, biological and environmental factors in agriculture, balanced development of domestic crop, livestock, agriculture, structure of sown areas, crop rotations and agricultural landscapes, improving the resistance of crops to diseases and pests. The whole history of the All-Russian (All-Union) V.R. Williams Fodder Research Institute (now, the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology - FWRC FPA) is connected with the solution of these problems. Fodder production - the most ambitious, multifunctional and system-forming branch of agriculture, connecting and linking it into a single whole. Fodder production determines the state of animal husbandry and has a significant influence on the solution of key problems of further development of the entire crop, farming, rational use of natural resources, increasing the stability of agroecosystems and agrolandscapes to the effects of climate and negative processes, preserving valuable agricultural lands and reproducing soil fertility, improving the ecological condition of the territory and protecting environment. The scale of fodder production, as well as the high phytomeliorative role of perennial grasses in plowed fields, hayfields and pastures make it possible to eliminate many destructive processes, sharply reduce erosion, increase soil fertility and yield subsequent crops.

Apple cultivars of the new generation are characterized by valuable qualities that the former cultivars did not have. So, columnar cultivars are characterized by exceptional precocity, which makes it possible to obtain an economic harvest in the 3rd year after planting with one-year-old seedlings. They can also increase fruit production several times per unit area. For the first time in Russia and in the world, a series of triploid cultivars has been created on the basis of intervalent crossings 2x x 4x, which are characterized by greater regularity of fruiting over the years, high marketability of fruits and increased self-fertility. Scab immune apple cultivars create a more favorable ecological environment in the garden, making the fruits cleaner in sanitary terms. Triploid and columnar cultivars having immunity to scab are more valuable for production. Some cultivars of the new generation described in this paper have these valuable qualities. Columnar scab immune cultivars Girlianda and Zvezda Efira have high precocity, productivity and high fruit qualities. A triploid scab immune cultivar Mars is characterized by regular and abundant fruiting, its fruit are of high commercial and taste qualities that can be stored until mid-March. A triploid cultivar Ministr Kisilev has a regular high yield and marketability of fruits (170 g) with high sugar content in the fruit. A triploid scab immune cultivar Trener Petrov is characterized by regular fruiting, marketability, attractive appearance and good taste of fruit. The introduction of five apple cultivars of the new generation into production will enrich the existing apple assortment in central Russia.

Nuts occupy an important place in the human diet, they have high nutritional properties, normalize cholesterol and blood sugar. In the Republic of Uzbekistan there are great prospects in the creation of nut plantations. The main focus is on a more financially attractive crop - walnut, the cultivation of which can be called waste-free, because you can use not only the fruit fit for human consumption, but also the shell, which makes up almost 50% of the walnut mass. The shell is used in the pharmaceutical industry, used as a fertilizer, as well as environmental fuel. The article shows the benefits of nut plantations, their importance in the global consumer market. It describes the current state of nut plantations in Uzbekistan, the ongoing reforms in this industry and their results.

The article presents experimental data on the effectiveness of various groups of antibiotics in the rehabilitation of the explants of some rootstocks of stone fruit crops from infections of various etiologies brought from the environment, in violation of the rules of sterility in working with an in vitro culture. The results of the study showed that the morphogenetic response of explants of clonal rootstocks to antibiotics depends on their varietal origin. Thus, a greater number of the introduced explants Myrobalan 29C necrotic (25-100%). The number of normally developed microplants for different rootstocks ranges from 0 to 75. It was found that all studied antibiotic concentrations, except ceftriaxone 10 mg/l and nystatin 100 mg/l, positively affect the viability of MaxMa 14. For rootstocks Myrobalan 29C maximum the number of viable explants (60% of healthy explants) showed the environment with the antibiotic nystatin at a concentration of 200 mg/l. For rootstocks GF 677, the maximum number of well-developed micro shoots was observed on nutrient media with antibiotics tetracycline at a concentration of 100 mg/l and ceftriaxone at a concentration of 200 mg/l (60% of healthy explants in both variants).

Over the last quarter of century, about 10 new species (varieties) of pectolytic bacteria of the genus Pectobacterium, which cause approximately similar symptoms and are quite common in Western European countries and on other continents, have been added to well-known causative agents of black leg of plants and soft rot of tubers of potato for more than a century. In connection with the importation of seed material, most of these new biological objects were identified in the central regions of the European part of the Russian Federation and are beginning to expand actively their range. The accumulated scientific material of research in the country and abroad on pathogens of the genus Pectobacterium is quite voluminous and requires detailed systematization for their accurate monitoring. The article briefly describes the changes in the systematic position of species of this genus over the past 70 years. The collected material in the form of a computer database, which includes up to 40 indicators for each bioobject, will allow you to successfully navigate through specially created information retrieval system. It describes the symptomatic features of the disease depending on the soil and climatic fluctuations of the growing season, the quality of the seed tubers, the indirect impact of the anthropogenic factor, etc. The required parameters of the pathogen will include a detailed description, synonyms and systematic position, the full scope of comparative information on biological properties, diagnostic methods both in pure culture and in the affected material, as well as measures of control with this bioobject. In view of the simplicity of the computer database can be used by the specialists of plant protection, agronomists, plant growers, farmers, as well as employees of research institutes and institutions of agricultural profile.