Relevance: broad spectrum use of veterinary medical products, produced by “Bioveta”, as a guarantee of reproductive health and maintaining a high level of reproduction of cattle on livestock farms of any direction of breeding.

Methods: a description of the therapeutic and biotechnical use of veterinary products. The introduction and application of modern protocols for synchronization of ovulation of cows with the timely use of high-quality hormonal products of “Bioveta”.

Results: excellent results in terms of the reproductive health of cattle and significantly improving the level of reproduction on livestock farms in any direction of breeding. 

 As a result of the studies, it was found that the drug “Triolact”, intended for the treatment of cows with mastitis, has a high therapeutic efficiency, which amounted to 96%. The product is easy to use, does not cause complications, and contributes to the fastest restoration of cow productivity and milk quality. 

 Relevance. When domesticated in an unnatural habitat, a limited territorial space, unconventional feeding are the main reasons for a decrease in the natural resistance of the bird’s body. On quail farms, with the technology of keeping poultry significantly different from natural conditions, a complex of lesions of the organ system is observed, with a predominance of lesions of the digestive system.

The aim of the work was to study the clinical and morphological parameters in diseases of the digestive system of quail.

Methods. The object of the study was a bird of the order of quails of the breed “Coturnix coturnix japonica” 30-day post-incubation ontogenesis. The clinical examination of the bird was carried out according to the generally accepted scheme. The slaughter and bleeding of poultry was carried out in compliance with the International Principles of the Helsinki Declaration “On the humane treatment of animals.” To determine the hematological and biochemical parameters of birds, according to the principle of analogues, they were divided into groups: control — clinically healthy birds (n = 15); experience — clinical manifestations of poultry disease (n = 15). In  postmortem examination, the organs were dissected with subsequent extraction from the cavity and a visual assessment of color and consistency was carried out, the absolute weight (g), linear measurements (cm) were determined. The experimental data were subjected to statistical processing by a generally accepted method using the Statistika program for PC Microsoft Excel 2007.

Results. In pathological examination, most often the signs were localized in the tissues and organs of the digestive system. The presence of a syndrome of gastrointestinal diseases was characterized by an increase in the total number of leukocytes, eosinophils, pseudo-eosinophils; lymphocytes, monocytes, a decrease in total protein, glucose, an increase in urea, alkaline phosphatase. A decrease in the lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum, as well as a decrease in the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, was established. 

 Background. The creation of domestic specialized poultry populations for the production of embryonic viral vaccines is an extremely urgent task in connection with Russia’s policy of import substitution of pharmacological drugs, including vaccines.

Materials and methods. The level of yield of vaccine raw materials and its biological activity was studied in RRIFAGB on chickens of the Russian white population. This population is specialized (for the production of vaccine raw materials) and was selected for thermal resistance at low temperatures, as well as for resistance to diseases of the leukosis-sarcoma complex.

Results. It was found that the chickens of gene pool breeds (Russian white and Amrox) are superior to the chickens of commercial lines in terms of the quality and volume of vaccine raw materials per 1 egg. The best indicators of the yield of vaccine raw materials, as well as its biological activity, were obtained on the chickens of the Russian white population of the RRIFAGB selection. The biological activity of the New Castle disease virus (lg сm3 EID50) in the Russian white embryos was 12.5% higher than in the embryos of the commercial egg lines SP-9 (SP-789) and CD (Lohmann LSL) (P < 0.001). In comparison with Amrox embryos, the biological activity of avian infectious bronchitis disease virus and reovirus infection in Russian white breed embryos was 14% and 8% higher respectively. The unit volume (cm3) of extraembryonic fluid of Russian white embryos contained 16 and 32 times more doses of New Castle disease virus (EID50) compared to the commercial lines SP-9 and CD respectively. The conducted virological studies allow us to recommend chicken embryos of this population for use in the production of a number of live and inactivated viral vaccines (New Castle disease, infectious bronchitis, reovirus infection) and diagnostics (infectious  bronchitis, reovirus infection). 

 The article presents the results of studying the fertilizing ability of the sperm of ramsproducers of different breeds. It was found that highest fertility on average for all seasons take used sperm were characterized by sheep inseminated with semen of sheep of Stavropol breed, a minimum – with seed of North Caucasus mutton-wool breed. 

  To reduce the amount of the main components of compound feeds, to realize the genetic potential of the productivity of young pigs, to increase their productivity and to balance feeding rations, it is necessary to use various feed and mineral additives, including those of natural origin. Such additives include silicon containing zeolite diatomaceous earth. To carry out the experiment, 4 recipes for mixed feeds were developed: one recipe without the content of zeolite trepel and 3 recipes with 3, 4, 5% of this additive. According to the results of the experiment, it was proved that the best dose of inclusion of this drug is 3% of the mass of mixed feed. At the same time, it was found that the dynamics of live weight gain in group II increased by 13.5%, in group III — by 7.2%, and in group IV it decreased by 4.41% compared to the control group. Studies have shown that the addition of silicon-containing zeolite in the II and III experimental groups did not affect the consumption of feed, and in the IV experimental group there was a decrease in the consumption of feed. Feed consumption in the EQ for live weight gain in the I, II and IV experimental groups decreased by 12.1%, 6.7% and 0.3% respectively. 

  In most countries of the world the main raw material for the production of high-quality meat products is pork. Scientists believe that it is profitable and economically feasible to use chelate complexes in pig breeding, which improve the meat and fattening qualities of animals. With age, most animals have an increase in not only body weight, but also in the mass of internal organs. In our studies an increase in these indicators is particularly clearly seen in piglets when adding 10% of the amount of asparaginates to their  diets, which is the most optimal amount for piglets. 

 The bioactive properties of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are associated with human health promotion processes, including anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic activity, and the ability to reduce body fat. The functional properties of the bioactive component of the fat phase of cow’s milk, called conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), are described in this article. The content of conjugated linoleic acid in raw milk was studied using the capillary gas chromatography (GC) method. The content of CLA in raw milk was evaluated, taking into account the influence  of the diet of feeding cows. Many samples of raw milk were studied in summer and winter for this purpose. It was determined that the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in the fat phase of milk in winter is lower than in summer, when the diet of cows is dominated by green feed. The content of conjugated linoleic acid in the summer period ranged from 122.3 to 372.2 mg/dm3, and in winter it ranged from 54.7 to 136.47 mg/dm3. Experimental data of the possibility of increasing the content of conjugated linoleic acid in the fat phase of milk by inserting bacterial cultures is also presented. Re sults of the parameters of production conjugated linoleic acid under the influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were obtained. The use of these bacterial cultures allowed to increase the content of conjugated linoleic acid by 23–36% in the studied samples. 

 Relevance. The work is devoted to the results of the use of vitamin-herbal flour obtained from the green mass of onobrychis areneria on puberty cows of the holstinized blackmoth breed during pregnancy until the first phase of  lactation. Experimental studies were carried out on the basis of «Krasava» in the Perm region. Vitamin-herbal flour from onobrychis areneria was grown on an experimental field of Perm NIISH. The average annual yield per cow was 6000 kg of milk. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of feeding vitamin-herbal flour from onobrychis areneria on the metabolic processes in the body of cows.

Methods. Dose and feeding period: the first and second experimental groups — from 21 days to the expected calving and up to 50 days of lactation at 1,0 kg and 2,0 kg per day, the duration of feeding was 71 days. Vitamin-herbal flour was fed individually on the feed table. The clinical condition of the animals was observed.

Results. The obtained data show positive effect of vitamin-herbal flour from onobrychis areneria on milk productivity and morphobiochemical composition of blood of experimental cows. Clinical condition of cows was without deviations from physiological norm. 

 Relevance. The most important condition for the growth of crop production is the correct use of arable land, improving the structure of crops.

Methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of the scientific principles and approaches set out in the methodological guidelines: “Agroecological assessment of land, design of adaptive landscape systems of agriculture and agrotechnologies” (Moscow: RASKHN, 2005, ed. academicians of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences A.L. Ivanov and V.I. Kiryushin).

Results. For a more efficient use of arable land, increasing the yield of major agricultural crops, meeting the needs of farms with crop production, improving soil fertility, we have developed a structure of sown areas taking into account the specific agro-climatic conditions of the regions. Mozdok district: winter cereals in the structure of sown areas should occupy 42%, corn for grain — 15%, legumes — 7%, sunflower — 12%, fodder —16–17%. Kirovsky district: in the structure of sown areas, winter cereals should occupy 31%, corn for grain — 32%, legumes — 7%, fodder — 16–17%. Alagirsky
district: for winter crops in the structure of sown areas it is necessary to allocate 22% of arable land, for corn for grain — 34%, industrial and vegetables — 7%, fodder crops up to 37–40%. Irafsky district: winter crops in the structure of sown areas should occupy 22%, corn for grain — 30%, fodder crops — up to 45%. Digorsky district: in the structure of sown areas, winter crops should occupy 28%, corn for grain — 30%, legumes — 7%, forage crops — up to 30%. Right-bank region: winter cereals — 26%,
corn for grain — 30%, legumes — 7%, industrial crops and vegetables — 14%, fodder — 23%. Prigorodny district: the share of winter grains should account for 32% of arable land, corn for grain — 27%, potatoes and vegetables — 19% and forage crops — 17%. Ardon region: winter cereals — 27%, corn for grain — 27%, legumes — 7%, potatoes and vegetables — 11%, forage crops — 28%.  

 Relevance. At present, with the change in economic conditions and the possibilities of agricultural production, it is necessary to clarify in some cases and revise complex agro-technological methods for growing barley that meet the requirements of intensive technology. An increase in grain production is impossible without the development of modern, costly technologies for growing grain crops.

Methods. In the conditions of the Institute of seed production and agricultural technologies – a branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific Agroengineering center VIM" (Ryazan region) in 2018-2020, field studies were conducted to establish the optimal seeding rate for a new variety of spring barley Notable, which provides the highest and stable grain yield over the years. We studied seeding rates with an interval of 0,5 million germinating grains per hectare (3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0 and 5,5 million).

Results. It was found that the seeding rates have a significant impact on the size and quality of the barley grain yield. It was found that a decrease in the rate of seeding of seeds of the Noble variety leads to an increase in the percentage of germination and preservation of plants before harvesting. Thus, the correlation analysis revealed a close relationship between the yield and the preservation of plants for harvesting (r=+0,86). Based on the observation of the phenological phases of this crop, it was found that the date of their occurrence and the duration of interphase periods did not depend on the seeding rates, but had a close relationship with weather conditions (r= + 0,71). Option with a seeding rate of 3,0 million crops. grains/ha formed the maximum tillering coefficient, had the highest productivity of one plant and the number of grains per ear compared to other variants of the experiment – 3,2; 3,6 and 25,3, respectively. In connection with the thickened sowing on the variant of 5,5 million vsh. grain / ha, there was an increase in the development of most leaf diseases by 1,0-1,5 points compared to the variant of 3,0 million vsx. grains/ha and by 0,5-1,0 points compared to the other variants of the experiment. The highest yield over the years of research was achieved with a seeding rate of 3,0 to 4,5 million crops. grain/ha – 6,4-6,5 t/ha.

 The paper presents the results of research on the formation of complex hybrid populations, the assessment of collection samples of clover on the complex of economically valuable characteristics for the creation of varieties of hay-pasture type. The basis for the study was promising plants and their biomechanical mixture, which was sown in a wide row and individually in a row. By negative selection, weak and underdeveloped plants were mowed down. In the period of budding — the beginning of flowering, the accounting of economically valuable signs was carried out by cutting the plants at a height of 10–12 cm. The direct dependence of seed formation on weather conditions is noted. In the first year of life the clover plants developed unevenly. The evaluation of the productivity of the studied legumes, which was determined by the calculation method based on the weight of seeds from one plant, showed that the maximum level of seed yield was formed by samples of all the studied cultivars, which exceeded the standard variety by 15–20%. The assessment of the collection samples of clover, according to the complex of economically valuable characteristics for the creation of varieties of hay-pasture type, is given. The best samples were selected for the yield of green mass, bushiness and plant height. The initial material was obtained according to the characteristics of adaptability, yield of green mass, leafiness and seed productivity. Promising clover samples were selected for high seed productivity, that reached more than 60%. Based on the repollination of the best genotypes, complex hybrid populations were formed for further selection evaluation. Рromising samples were selected based on a complex of traits: Minsk mutant, Orlik, Lisitsyn’s memory, Yaskrava, Farn; wild-growing samples from mountain regions: Dargavs, Gornaya Saniba, Vakats; complex hybrid populations: Syn 305-03, Syn 300-99, Tos-31, FM-46, Syn 320-08, 321-08, with high productivity exceeding the standard grade of Daryal. 

 The article discusses the importance of the role of biological diversity of plants, including the problem of specific disappearing tomato varieties which are currently under threat of extinction due to environmental degradation and progress in science and technology, the importance of using them as a source material in breeding work in the aspect of adaptation to local environmental conditions, as well as the importance of preserving, restoring these materials, and obtaining clean lines from them. In the course of the study, several interline F1 hybrids were obtained from pure lines obtained from local and foreign tomato varieties. The article also reports on the results of studying the combining ability of pure lines used in the selection of parental pairs, giving high productivity and high-quality yield. Combining pure lines with a high combinative ability, we obtained F1 hybrids with the effect of heterosis, adapted to local ground conditions. Our work also presents data on the restoration of seeds of high-yielding, high-quality tomato varieties of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding. which are stored in the Gene bank of the Institute of Genetic Resources of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. In the presented article, in addition to the above, the general and distinctive aspects of modern scientific hypotheses about methods and techniques for  creating F1 hybrids with the effect of heterosis are discussed, depending on the genetic origin of the variety of plant and the influence of local agroecological factors. 

 The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding technologies of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Bast Crops” (Tver region) in 2018–2020. The aim of the research is to create in vitro new flax genotypes, resistant to anthracnose, one of the most harmful fungal diseases. As a result of the research, the composition of the culture filtrate of the anthracnose causative agent was clarified. It was revealed that the toxicity of the culture filtrates did not depend on the virulence of the strains used in the present studies — the cultural filtrates of strains 784 (highly virulent) and 780 (medium virulent) were more toxic (decay and death of primary roots on day 5 was observed in 67–88% grown seeds), strains 793 (strongly virulent) and 788 (weakly virulent) are less toxic (on the 5th day, decay and death of primary roots was noted in 9–15% of germinated seeds). It was found that morphogenic foci were formed more actively in genotypes, the morphogenic callus of which was transferred to a medium with a higher concentration of the culture filtrate; it was shown that in the second passage, when transferring morphogenic callus from a selective medium containing 40 ml/l of culture filtrate to a selective medium, containing also 40 ml/l of culture filtrate, as well as when transferring morphogenic callus from a selective medium containing 40 ml/l of culture filtrate, on a selective medium, containing 44 ml/l of culture filtrate, on the 14th day the number of formed morphogenic callus and green buds is significantly greater than when transferred from a selective medium, containing 40 ml/l of culture filtrate to a selective medium, containing 36 ml/l of culture filtrate. Viable regenerant plants were obtained and genotypes were isolated, which for three generations retained resistance to anthracnose at a level of 50–60%: NO-78 x Lenok, HJI-103-2 x Lenok, NL-40-1 x Lenok, NE -38 x Rosinka, NE-36 x Lenok, NE-17 x Lenok, HE-16-2 x Rosinka. 

 Relevance. Today, in the fight against rice diseases, it is still widely practiced to uniformly spray the entire field, either as a preventive measure or when any symptoms of disease are detected. Moreover, diseases in the early stages are often identified incorrectly and the complex of drugs is  selected incorrectly. The article explores the possibility of detecting and  classifying some fungal rice diseases from photography using machine learning. Two diseases are considered: blast disease and a group of diseases 
– brown spot.

Methodology. The main idea behind convolutional neural networks is to
try to bring the network closer to how human vision works. To determine the presence of a particular disease in the image, modern computer vision methods based on convolutional neural networks are used. The collection of a dataset must first of all be oriented towards the end user of the model. But even keeping an eye on the quality and shooting conditions both when collecting data and when using a trained model, a number of problems of a fundamental nature can arise that can significantly degrade the quality of the model. Among them: insufficient sample size; natural invariance of predictions with respect to rotations/reflections of the image; instability of predictions, when even insignificant noise can change the result; the effect of overfitting, when the quality of predictions on new images turns out to be significantly lower than on training images. A comparison is made of the four most successful and compact convolutional neural network architectures: GoogleNet, ResNet-18, SqueezeNet-1.0, and DenseNet-121. It was shown that in the data set used for the analysis, the disease can be detected with an accuracy of at least 95%.

Results. The results obtained can be used for automatic recognition of fungal diseases of rice and making a decision on the implementation of protective measures, which could be carried out with minimal labor and time. 

 The results of studies on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the number of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms and the yield of winter wheat in the zone of unstable moisture in the Stavropol Territory are presented. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary chernozem, a powerful low-humus heavy-loam, the precursor is pure steam. Mineral fertilizers have been applied in various doses for 30 years, and the aftereffect of fertilizers has been studied since 2006. The total number of  microorganisms in the aftereffect of nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizers alone was low (5.53–8.0 mln columnforming units). The number of microorganisms  that transform organic forms of nitrogen in the aftereffect of nitrogen or phosphorus nutrition alone ranged from 2.62 to 4.16 mln column-forming units, and using mineral forms of nitrogen from 2.91 to 4.32 mln column-forming units. The full dose of fertilizers significantly increased the number of microorganisms that transform nitrogen compounds in the soil by an average of 15.5 mln column-forming units. The maximum total number of microorganisms was obtained in the aftereffect of high doses of nitrogen against the background of P120K120 and phosphorus together with N120K120 — 28.58 mln column-forming units and 30.21 mln column-forming units, respectively. The coefficient of mineralization in the studied soils is greater than one. With the unilateral introduction of nutrients in the soil, the intensity of microbiological processes decreases, сoefficient of microbiological transformation of organic matter — 3,94–8,64. 

 Relevance. The main problems of primary flax processing enterprises are their extremely low availability of modern equipment and a lack of qualified engineering and technical specialists. As a result, the technological regimes of processing are violated at the flax factories, significant losses of flax fiber are allowed, and its quality decreases. Thus, the yield of the most valuable long fiber is less than 4%, while the standard is 10.5%, the number of long and short fibers is one number lower than the norm. The share of produced long fiber flax, the cost of which is 3.5–4 times higher than short, does not exceed 13%. In Western Europe, this figure reaches 60–70%. In this regard, the question of proposing a new scientific, technological and economic justification for the formation of a system of machines for flax processing is especially urgent.

The aim of the study is to form a system of machines and equipment for processing flax, taking into account the promising areas of economic use of flax products for the period up to 2030, еnsuring an increase in productivity and profitability of production by at least 50%.

Methods. The article presents an analysis of the technologies and equipment used in flax processing. Based on the research, innovative technical solutions and a system of promising machines for intensive technologies of flax processing were proposed, technical and economic calculations of the efficiency of flax production were performed.

Results. The introduction of the complex of modern machines proposed by us in the work of flax factories, taking into account the areas of economic use of flax products, makes it possible to increase the production of long fiber flax by 3 times, the quality per grade meter and, accordingly, the income from sales by 2.5 times. The technologies, systems of machines and equipment for flax processing proposed in the article have high productivity, energy efficiency, versatility, as well as differentiation, which ensures unity, complexity, continuity, flow and rationality, taking into account the  conditions of flax processing and the directions of economic use of flax products. 

 In this article, the author raises questions related to the allocation of the “arctic hectare” to Russian citizens and the prospects for the development of tourism in the northern territories. The article deals with the experience of tourism development in countries both far and near abroad, where the tourism business and hospitality services occupy a significant place in the country’s GDP. The author believes that in the period of critical changes in climatic conditions for the life and management of the traditional type of economy by indigenous people — small peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East — it is extremely important to take into account their opinion and their centuriesold experience of survival in difficult natural conditions.  These ethnic groups have been living in conditions of practical self-isolation for many years, dictated not only by the natural and geographical location of their places of compact residence, but also by the inaccessibility of many achievements of civilization due to infrastructure
underdevelopment, lack of transport logistics and residual financial support for their needs. Now, during the pandemic, it is possible that these territories are attractive for small and medium-sized businesses, as well as for some part of the population as a place of likely future residence of their families. Thus, a unique opportunity is created for the application of state allocations and investments from large corporations to diversify the economy of the Arctic and the North, modernize and possibly create from scratch the tourist infrastructure in the remote circumpolar territories. But this will require not only to reconsider the attitude of people to the environment, but also to change the worldview of the local indigenous population to find their place in the changing climatic and socio-economic conditions of their life on this earth.