Eye infections are wide-spread in dairy and beef husbandry. The disease generally occurs under environmental factors and pathogens. The article discusses a comprehensive approach to the treatment and prevention of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle. The approach concerns protection of healthy cattle from insects - vectors of infections. The protection should include insectoacaricidal and larvicidal agents, Deltanil, Aza Fly, Maggot, and combination treatment of sick animals with modern drugs.

Mycoplasmosis in poultry industry is a world-wide problem. Even though vaccines and antibiotics generally keep Mycoplasma gallisepticum under control and protect broiler parent flocks, laying hens and broiler chickens, the problem of respiratory diseases caused by Mycoplasma spp. still exists. Moreover this problem induces economic losses at poultry farms. The expansion of M. Synoviae has taken a leadership role among pathogens causing respiratory and joint pathology (infection of synovium) in poultry. The infection is often subclinical and complicated by other respiratory pathogens. M. Synoviae is spread vertically and horizontally, the pathogen can affect 100% of poultry. One of the poultry farms in the Central Region tested inactivated vaccines (MS-NEV1 and MS-NEV2 strains) on broiler parent flock. A ground for testing was positive laboratory data obtained from the monitoring of broiler parent flock within the current 6 months. The test gave positive results on M. synoviae, PCR detected the genome of M. synoviae. Two broiler parent flocks at the age of 40 and 90 days were vaccinated with the inactivated vaccines (MS-NEV1 and MS-NEV2 strains). The vaccination prevented vertical spread of the pathogen. That was confirmed by the fact that the broiler chickens, obtained from the vaccinated flocks, had no clinical signs of respiratory and joint diseases. The test indicates the need to vaccinate broiler parent flocks with the inactivated vaccines against M. Synoviae. The vaccination provides effective protection of parent flocks and prevents the vertical spread of the pathogen.

Nowadays, pig industry in many countries is affected by gastrointestinal diseases. One of these diseases is ileitis or proliferative enteropathy. The disease belongs to most economically dangerous infectious diseases. The disease is caused by gram-negative bacteria, Lawsonia intracellularis. Laboratory diagnostics of ileitis is carried out by PCR (detection of Lawsonia intracellularis through analysis of stool feces or fragments in small intestine); ELISA (serological test to diagnose Lawsonia intracellularis) - the most sensitive method; histopathology (silver staining method). The compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, timely detection of the pathogen, veterinary and preventive measures, including antibiotic therapy, can prevent the disease. Tyacyclin and terpentiam are effective drugs for treatment and prevention of ileitis. The drugs have been developed by VIC Animal Health. The drugs are active against Lawsonia intracellularis and other pathogens of bacterial infections.

According to the statistic data, at least a quarter of cereals are affected by mycotoxins. The seriousness of the problem is also explained by extreme susceptibility of modern breeds of pigs to stress and toxic effects. The clinical form of mycotoxicosis in pigs depends on the concentration of mycotoxins obtained via feed. The high concentration of mycotoxins leads to acute my cotoxicoses. However, a low concentration of mycotoxins in feed causes chronic mycotoxicosis, which affects economic indicators. Feed must not contain even a small amount of mycotoxins, since the detection of one mycotoxin can be a danger signal indicating the presence of other mycotoxins and their synergistic effect. The degree of mycotoxicosis depends on the type of toxins, its concentration in the feed, age of animal, feeding conditions and state of the immune system. To date, a number of methods for removing mycotoxins from feed has been developed: physical removal, chemical detoxification, inhibition of fungal growth, biological control, and adsorbents.

The article presents an experimental scientific research on the advantages of the new cultivation technique for fallow soils. The technique was developed in the Research Institute of Agricultural Problems of Khakassia (patent № 2331997). The tillage of postagrogenic chestnut carbonated light loamy soils in a three-course rotation (spring wheat - oat - Sudan grass) was carried out in the Abakan dry steppe of Khakassia. Agrotechnical, bioenergetics and economic efficiency of the new method were determined at the end of the crop rotation. A significant yield increase was gained in the second (oat) and third (Sudan grass) crop rotation. The increase was 0.6 and 3.4 t/ha higher, respectively. The grain equivalent in the rotation was 1.2 times higher. The developed technique also showed advantages in bioenergetic efficiency: 1.2 times more effective in the accumulation of energy in the yield, 38 214.7 MJ/ha more effective in the gaining of gross energy and 26.9% more effective in the energy efficiency. The assessment of economic efficiency of wheat cultivation confirmed the advantages of the new technique. Even with low yield the profitability increased by 24.6%, net income - by 597.2 rubles/ha, the cost of one ton of grain decreased by 1041.3 rubles. The advantages revealed the justification for producing a new soil-cultivating sowing machine (patent № 2331996, 2008). The invention belongs to multi-operative aggregates, which can perform several process operations simultaneously, thus reducing the costs and time of the technological process.

The article presents the results of a long-term field experiment. The experiment was conducted on two rotations in a five-course rotation. The experiment was performed in quintuplicate. Sugar beet yield was closely correlated with the content of total nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves and roots during in periods. However, the positive correlation with the content of potassium accumulated in the leaves was detected only in the first two weeks of growth, and in the roots - during the whole vegetation period. The content of nitrogen in the leaves of sugar beets (harvest fluctuation of 10-50 t/ha) was 3.0-4.7% during the formation of 2-3 pairs of real leaves, 2.8-4.4% during closing of crops, 2.33.8% during closing of row spacing. The content of phosphorus decreased more evident, the content of total potassium negatively correlated with the yield during closing of crop and row spacing. The other crops in the rotation showed a positive correlation of nitrogen and phosphorus with the yield during all periods. The lowest correlation coefficient was detected between potassium and cereals, in particular, winter wheat. Due to the data obtained over many years of the research, it is possible to calculate the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at different yield levels. Using the results obtained, it is necessary to calculate doses of mineral nutrition.

Corn takes the leading place among silage cultures. The silo prepared from her in a phase of dairy and wax ripeness has good digestibility. On a forage there are cleaning which are also remaining later on grain dry leaves, stalks and cores of ears. The practical value has use of corn stalks which in comparison with straw of other grain crops differ in the increased protein content and the best digestibility. Objects of researches are the following grades of perspective one-year forage crops - corn a grade Katerina, peas Yamal, Vika summer - Ob 25. Joint cultivation of forage crops allows to receive steadier harvests, to increase nutritiousness and eatability of a forage. This results from the fact that different plants unequally react to adverse conditions. High rates on productivity from the mixed crops were provided by corn option with peas of 38,5 t/hectare, at the same time the maintenance of a digested protein on 1 fodder unit has made 221 g, 0,65 sterns unit. On nutritional value the best option is corn with Vika summer with the high content of digested protein of 1 fodder unit of 234 g, 0,66 sterns unit, at the same time net income has made 24 969 rubles, profitability of 126%.

The article gives an assessment of the capacity of sugar beet subcomplex for biogas production at the sugar plant in Tula region. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the capacity of sugar beet subcomplex for biogas production at the sugar plant in Tula region and present a technical and economic study of the prospects for modernizing sugar plants with biogas digesters. The analytical methods were used, including mathematical and comparative analysis, moving-average forecasting. Beet pulp obtained from the technological process has no further use and decomposes in pulp pits, thus affecting the environment indicators. And nowadays there are techniques for the production of biogas from beet pulp. In this case, units for purification of the obtained biogas make it possible to add it to the gas network. An economic impact will be achieved by replacing purchased natural gas with biogas and selling the excess heat and electric energy produced from this type of fuel. With a view to the technical and economic assessment of the prospects for modernizing plants with biogas plants, a forecast on the volume of sugar beet production by 2023 was given. The main technical and economic performance indicators of the plants were calculated. In general, the enlarged technical and economic analysis given in the work showed the economic viability of further practical study of this issue.