The range of probiotics is constantly expanding, new probiotic supplements are entering the market, requiring an assessment of the effectiveness of their use. As domestic and international experience has shown, probiotic supplements produced a variety of antibiotic compounds that suppressed the growth of pathogens, prevented diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, increased the activity of digestive enzymes, and contributed to the formation of antimicrobial proteins. The results of the influence on the feces microflora, hematological parameters, immune blood resistance, nutrient digestibility and growth rate of calves of the milk period of probiotics Stimix Zooostim and Normosil at a dose of 10 ml per head per day at the age of 10-20 days, 15 ml - at the age of 21-90 days. Probiotics have a high probiotic activity, having a positive effect on the calf microbial landscape of feces. As a result of feeding probiotics, the number of normal flora has increased significantly: lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, as well as a reduction in Escherichia. Within the physiological norm, an increase in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and j-globulins occurred. Phagocytic reaction in the blood serum of the experimental groups increased, which shows a high response of the body to the penetration of infectious agents. Phagocytic activity in the group with probiotic Stimix Zoostim was higher by 4.8% and with probiotic Normosil by 4.4% than in the control. The use of probiotics in the amount of 10 ml per 1 head per day at the age of 10-20 days, 15 ml at the age of 21-90 days also had a positive effect on the digestibility of dietary nutrients, on the growth rate of calves and feed consumption per 1 kg of body weight. The economic effect per 1 calf was 149.23 and 157.0 rubles, respectively.

The anthelmintic drug “Quantum” showed 100% efficacy in teniosis piziformis and ankilostomosis in dogs after a single use at a dose of 1 tablet per 10 kg animal masses, which must be taken into account when prescribing anthelmintic tested by us.

In private poultry farms of the republic, the “Aran” region, with a high average annual air temperature, studies were conducted to identify bird invasion by helminths by age groups in seasonal dynamics. Autopsy of carcases and coprological studies conducted among birds in different age groups showed that the invasion of birds ascaridia, heterakis, syngamus, capillaria and raitellina 3-6-months of age compared with other age groups is higher. However, the intensity of ascaridia in 6-8-monthly birds is higher. Study to establish the invasion of birds by the seasons of the year, it was found that the intensity of invasion in all species reaches the highest limit in the summer period of the year, which is due to the intensive development of pathogens with increasing ambient temperature. In winter, when the temperature is low, the degree of infection of birds with helminthiases decreases. During this period of the year, a significant decrease in the spread of invasions is observed in poultry farms and the intensity drops to a minimum. Thus, the infection of birds with ascariasis, heterciasis, syngamosis, capillariasis, and raytinotomy is observed throughout the year. The obtained data will make it possible to develop rational schemes for the prevention and treatment of bird helminth infections in private households, and to reduce the environmental contamination by helminths.

The article presents the state and prospects of development of beef cattle in the new agricultural formation «Bayserke-Agro LLP».The preliminary results of the adaptation of four imported breeds of beef cattle (Auliekol, Kazakh whiteheaded, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus) in the conditions of semidesert zone are given. The initial study of productive qualities showed that the Kazakh white-headed and auliekolsky breeds were the most effective in reproducibility. The yield of calves per 100 cows was 81.5% for the Kazakh white-headed cow, 80% for auliekolskaya, whereas the Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus calves are only 31.6 and 29% respectively. According to preliminary studies of the growth and development of young stock in the milk period (from birth to weaning from mothers), the live weight of bulls of all breeds was 169-208 kg, heifers - 156-187 kg. Young growth of auliekol breed (gobies - 800 g, heifers - 807 g) possessed the best growth energy, the worst figures were found in young Aberdeen-Angus breed (gobies - 590 g, heifers - 722 g).

For feed of farm animals and poultry, protein-containing additives derived from the waste of the alcohol industry enterprises have great prospects. The paper shows the feasibility of processing distillery stillage into protein feed for farm animals and poultry. The construction of the kinetic laws of the drying process allows you to determine the main technological parameters of drying; optimal options for the drying process; the possibility of hydro-mechanical separation of moisture; choice of drying method; installation design for the process and its calculation. The purpose of this work was to determine the kinetic patterns of the drying process of distillery stillage, which are necessary for the further development of the technology for producing a dry product. From the above kinetic dependences, we can conclude that the distillery bard refers to capillary-porous bodies with a small specific surface area; the duration of the drying process is significantly reduced by increasing the speed of the material blowing with a drying agent, this is especially noticeable in the first drying period, when free moisture is removed. The experimental data obtained will make it possible to use them in the future to select the optimal drying regimes for distillery stillage.

The Kazakh Bactrian is a planned breed in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Of particular interest are the Kazakh Bactrians of the South Kazakhstan type of dairy productivity. Comprehensive assessment of the productive characteristics of camels was carried out according to the instructions for the assessment of camels. The camels of the Kazakh Bactrian of the South Kazakhstan type have uniform sandy (40%), white (25%) and brown (35%) color, thick skin, the yield of pure fiber from the total trimmed wool is 95.0%. Preliminary data indicate that the sandy camel is more precocious in comparison with the peers of the white and brown color. Camels at birth have a live weight of 32.3-34.5 kg. The absolute increase in live weight was at the age of 6 months - 118-124,4 kg. It has been established that the growth and development of camels in the dairy period directly depend on the feeding conditions. One of the peculiarities of feeding the camel of the Kazakh Baktrian of the South Kazakhstan type is that up to 3 months of age mother's milk is the main source of nutrition. This is due to the fact that in the period of30-40 days of age, the limbs of a camel are longer than their neck. In this period of life they cannot use pasture. In our example, in the period from birth to 8 months, the proportion of milk was high - ranging from 47.6% to 53.28%, and in the period from birth to 3 months - ranging from 69.47% to 71, 53%. It was also revealed that camel cups with an udder cup shape (6.4 ± 0.11 kg) produce significantly more milk in comparison with camel mattes with a round (5.6 ± 0.17 kg), flat (4.5 ± 0.28 kg ) and lobular (4.7 ± 0.15 kg) forms of the udder.

Western Kazakhstan is a traditional region for breeding livestock of meat breeds and occupies a leading position in the country in this area. The object of research was the breeding herd of the Kazakh white-headed breed of Western Kazakhstan - the farm «Aisulu», animals in which are represented by factory lines, common in many herds of our country and CIS countries - Landysh 9879, Kaktus 7969, Salem 12747, Mailan 13851. The article presents the breeding and productive qualities of the factory lines of the farm «Aisulu». The genealogical structure of cows was studied. This herd is represented mainly by full-aged cows, whose share is 95.8%, with the largest share being occupied by animals of factory lines Mailan 13851 - 39.8% and Landysh 9879 - 34.9%. The study of the exterior and constitutional characteristics of cows in the herd showed that the best part of them is characterized by rather high indices. As well the indices of body of animals and the milk production of cows has been studied. The highest coefficient of variability in milk production of a cow of all factory lines of the farm «Aisulu» is characterized by a rather large variation interval, being within 25. All this indicates the possibility of further improving these characteristics in the selection and breeding work with the herd. The dynamics of live weight and average daily growth of young stock of various factory lines of gobies of the Kazakh white-headed breed were studied. Gobies of the factory line of Salem 12747 distinguished themselves with high live weight in all age periods. In heifers high body weight at 8-12 months of age distinguished animal factory line Mailan 13851, and at the age of 15 months, Salem 12747 was a similar trend was maintained in the average daily growth.

Poultry cannibalism is a fairly common pathological condition. There are different reasons of poultry cannibalism, but the main is unbalanced feeding during the period when the floccus begins to be replaced by the primary feathering. Also, the reason of poultry cannibalism can be: an imbalance of electrolytes in the organism, a deficit of macro- and microelements, a violation of acid-base balance and osmotic pressure parameters. High intensification of all technological processes in modern poultry farming and especially high concentration of livestock in limited areas are reinforced the development of this pathology. These reasons are the strongest stress factor for poultry. "Libekrin" is feed additive in the form of a solution for oral use, produced by Ltd. “Belfarmacom”, that increases the stress tolerance of poultry and normalizes the biochemical processes of the organism. To use this supplement is especially necessary during the period of intensive growth, increased productivity, during stresses, in the post-vaccination period and during the recovery period. The effect of the feed additive is based on the complex of amino acids (betaine, lysine and methionine), organic acids (citric, fumaric and succinic) and mineral substances (zinc, sodium chloride and potassium chloride). The use of this feed additive in the dosage of 0.5 ml of the additive per 1 liter of water for watering for 5 days had a positive impact on such production indicators as safety, average daily weight gain and feed conversion. In the group of chickens who received drinking water with the addition of "Libekrin", the mortality was lower (compared to the control group) by 49.1%, including due to cannibalism at 87.5%, and the weight gains were higher by 3.35%.

In the adaptive landscape system of agriculture much attention is paid to multi-component lequme-cereal mixtures, which use natural factors more fully and provide higher productivity than two-component mixtures. We have studied two and three-component mixtures on the dynamics of biomass accumulation, the formation of leaf area and the main indicators of photosynthetic activity of crops (photosynthetic potential (PSP) and net productivity of photosynthesis (NPP). It is established that on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil the greatest biomass is formed by vetch-oat-wheat and vetch-oat mixture (respectively 64.6 and 62.4 C/ha). This is achieved in the vetch-oat mixture due to the high leaf surface and high intensity of photosynthesis in oats; and in the vetch-oat-wheat mixture - due to the high leaf surface of the grass component and the high intensity of vetch photosynthesis. The minimum biomass is formed by vetch-wheat and vetch-barley mixtures, since barley has low net productivity of photosynthesis, and wheat has a low leaf area. Share of vetch in biomass is higher in vetch-barley mixture - 33.3%; in vetch-wheat and vetch-oat mixtures the share of vetch is respectively 27.3 and 26.4%.

The article presents the results of studying a variety of durum wheat for irrigated lands of breeding laboratories for selection and seed production of durum wheat at the Gallaaral Scientific and Experimental Station of Research Institute of Grain and Legume crops. Different variability of the studied characteristics of durum wheat varieties depending on the conditions of their cultivation was revealed. The main results of the study of durum wheat for drought and heat resistance are given. The components of drought and heat resistance selected three varieties of durum wheat with high yield in irrigation. The smallest coefficients of variation were noted for three years in terms of the coagulation temperature of water-soluble proteins in durum wheat leaves, and the highest coefficients of variation were found in the angle of inclination of the flag leaf. A positive correlation was established between the total water content in the leaves, the coagulation temperature of water-soluble proteins in the leaves, and the yield of durum wheat. By the components of drought and heat resistance were selected varieties of durum wheat Mingchinor, Istikbolli, No. 299, No. 566 with high yields in irrigated conditions.

At the first stages of selection of the cholece collar, the best genotypes from the wild phytocenosis were identified and selected, which meet the objectives of breeding according to a complex of traits: plant height, number of generative shoots, number of seeds per plant, bush capacity and other traits. The selection criteria were statistical indicators: the dispersion of features and the nature of the distribution of its frequencies. When selecting biotypes for 2015-2018 in the nursery of the source material, laid down in the dry steppe agro-ecological area. Significant variation variability was noted in such a sign as seed weight per plant: coefficient of variation - 48.82 to 94.65% for numbers such as K5; K9 and K12. The average height of plants for three years in the nursery of the source material after overwintering was 14.8-18.6-15.1 cm. Among the selected numbers, plants with high grass stand prevail: K2 - 20.2 cm; K6 - 22.0 cm; K9 - 20.6 cm; K20 - 24.7 cm. In the earing phase, the highest plant height in biotypes K2 is 123.4 cm; K11 - 124.7 cm; K12 - 122.4 cm. The noted differences in the growth dynamics can be explained by the hereditary reaction of plants to fluctuations of environmental factors. Plants with a stable high gain, trapped in a selection sample, can be considered as individuals with well-developed homeostasis, providing relative autonomy from environmental conditions. According to the yield of green mass, samples were selected: K1; K2; K3; K5; K9, K11, K12 - from 470 g to 560 g; dry matter the same samples - from 100 g to 120 g. When using the pasture mode (imitation of mowing), 3-4 fold mowing of grass is permissible. The following samples were selected for the complex of economically valuable attributes: K1; K2; K3; K5; K9; K11; K12.

The development of new varieties of cotton is very important for increasing the yield of cotton in the Republic of Uzbekistan. An urgent task is the creation of new, early ripening, high-yielding, high-quality cotton varieties that meet the requirements of world standards. On the fields of the Namangan Scientific Experimental Station, 9 new cotton lines in competitive varietal testing were studied. According to the results of the analysis obtained when testing the quality of the fiber, at competitive variety testing of cotton lines, fiber microneur was evaluated, its strength, length, uniformity, short fiber index, relative elongation, weediness, number of defects (Cnt). As a result of the analyzes, it was revealed that the highest results in all technological indicators of the fiber were obtained from lines 112,116 and 148. These lines in terms of fiber quality fully meet all the requirements of light industry. At present, research at a scientific experimental station to bring these lines to varieties and to ensure the production of high-quality fiber varieties continues.

The article presents the results of studying the effect of precursors on the formation of biometric indicators and productivity elements of winter wheat in the summer-autumn period in the conditions of light chestnut soils in the Lower Volga region. Studies were carried out on the experimental field NVNIISH located in the light chestnut subzone of the dry steppe zone of chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region. The territory of the farm is a low-wavy plain. The climate is sharply continental, SCC = 0.5-0.6. The sum of average daily positive air temperatures is 3400-3500 °С. The average annual rainfall is 300-350 mm. The amplitude of the minimum and maximum temperatures is 7.8 °C (from + 43 °C to -35 °C). Soils are low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and increased in potassium. The humus content is 1.2-2.0%, pH = 7-8. According to the predecessors, pure steam and green manure steam (winter rye), the reserves of productive moisture in the soil were greater than green manure fallow (camelina) and pea from the predecessor. A positive nitrogen balance was also provided for these pairs. The greatest number of productive stems of winter wheat was observed in a busy green manure with a pair of winter rye. In the same variant, the highest productive tillering is ensured. The content of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil layer of 0-40 cm was sown on the sidereal pair (winter rye). For a clean pair, where all the straw and leafy mass of field crops is removed from the field, a negative balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively, is provided -51.7; -10.8 and -28.0 kg/ha of crop rotation area. The best development of winter wheat plants in all phases of the growing season was noted for a clean pair and green manure pair (winter rye).

The article reveals the main problems of the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The waste generated in these industries, their environmental damage and the recommendations for improving the situation are characterized. It is indicated that under the influence of agriculture, the natural vegetation is destroyed on large areas and its replacement by field or plantation cultural plants of a few species; destruction of natural habitats of animals; degradation of soil cover with irrational use of land; change of radiation and water balance of vast territories; change of the hydrological regime of the territories; pollution of surface and ground waters with fertilizers, pesticides, water soluble salts, production wastes; air pollution; the formation of waste land; development of desertification processes. Under the influence of animal production, there is also the destruction of natural vegetation over large areas and desertification due to overloading of pastures; degradation of natural vegetation on pastures; destruction of vegetation and erosion of the soil cover around the wells, along the spans, etc.; contamination of surface water by livestock waste near slaughterhouses and processing enterprises, with livestock housing and watering at natural reservoirs and rivers.

The microclimate of cultivation structures depends to a large extent on the external environment. As a consequence, the importance of climate control in greenhouses is the accounting of solar radiation, wind strength and direction, temperature and humidity of air, as well as precipitation. Modern control systems, taking into account the influence of climatic conditions of the environment, allow to quickly change the parameters of microclimate in the construction of the soil. The microclimate determines all processes of formation of seed germination of seeds till the end of vegetation. In this regard, there is a need to differentiate the modes of microclimate: during the day, the phases of growth and development, depending on the state of plants.

The article is dedicated to the 105th anniversary of the outstanding scientist-agrochemist and soil scientist Academician V.D. Pannikov, who made a great contribution to the development of agrarian soil science and agrochemistry, the practice of chemization of agriculture in our country. The role and importance of training a scientist in his young undergraduate years and postgraduate studies was emphasized.