This article comparatively analyzes the viability and productivity of the cocoons of two types of hybrid combinations, simple and complex, caterpillars of silkworm of a species Bombyx mori L. Fed in 2019 under the same conditions, the caterpillars had the same viability, while the silkproductivity of the hybrid «Musaffo tola 1» was 24.5%. At the same time, high-grade of these hybrids was observed, which in the future will determine their economic efficiency in production.

There are some traits of spring wheat, that distinguish it from other cereals. Firstly, it’s the relatively slow growth rate on early stages of ontogenesis, which made spring wheat especially susceptible to the unfavorable environmental conditions. In agricultural conditions of the Central Region, the high positive correlation between spring wheat yield and number of productive stems per 1 m² was observed. This correlation proven to be stable by years. Because of that, any increase in yield per spike must correspond with the creation of new varieties with higher density of productive stalks.

In article to be given results of two years' studying of stability of a psathyrostachys juncea to brown sheet rust in collection nursery of initial material in the sukhostepny agroecological region of Khakassia. It is established that the most widespread disease of leaves and stalks of a psathyrostachys juncea is brown sheet rust, which considerably reduces its seed efficiency by 20-30%. High defeat is revealed by brown sheet rust of such numbers: K 21; K 23; K 24; K 25; K 26 which considerably reduced seed efficiency from 1.46 to 10.12 g, and sortoobrazets K1; K 2; K 3; K 9; K12 showed the greatest resistance to defeat, with high productivity from 12.49 g up to 44.47 g 66.6%, or 20 numbers, with high brown sheet rust resistance (defeat was absent) and 20%, or 6 numbers, with strong susceptibility to brown rust, are analysed.

The creation of stable high-yielding varieties of winter wheat, resistant to environmental stress factors and having economic and valuable properties, is currently an important trend in breeding. In this regard, scientific work on the allocation of valuable sources of winter wheat varieties for breeding purposes was carried out in the conditions of ISA-branch of FGBNU FSC VIM in 2016-2018 in the collection nursery. As a standard, a zoned variety of winter wheat Angelina was used. The article presents the results of the study of 19 varieties of yield and its stability, winter hardiness, coarse grain, resistance to lodging and diseases. Selected valuable for a number of features varieties - sources for use in breeding programs to increase the values of individual parameters. On the basis of the conducted researches it was established that the highest resistance to stress, the stability index and the minimum value of the magnitude of the yield have variety Pleada and Mera. With the highest rates of PUSS stood out varieties Lutica - 160,2 %, Pleada - 153,2 %, Mera - 145.5 %. The earing phase of the samples selected by us in different years occurred 2-12 days earlier than that of the standard variety. Moreover, all the selected samples were characterized by high winter hardiness and resistance to lodging. The bulk of the selected varieties belonged to the group of stunted plants. The bulk of the varieties in the experiment formed a large grain of more than 40 g. The analysis of diseases of the selected varieties showed their resistance to fungal diseases.

The article reveals the main problems of the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The waste generated in these industries, environmental damage it causes and the recommendations for improving the situation are characterized.

To increase productivity of arable land and the impact on reproduction of soil fertility while using a reasonable amount of human energy per hectare of arable land it is important to work systematicly with crop rotations and organic-mineral supply system, that suggests exposure on the whole agrobiological system. A technique that has a significant impact on soil fertility is the use of fertilizers - organic and mineral, as well as maintaining an optimal acidic soil regime through chemical reclamation. To obtain a sufficient amount of fresh organic matter in the soil, it is necessary to have a set of crops in the sowing structure that have the ability to create a large biomass as a result of normally occurring processes of photosynthesis. Perennial legumes and cereals, their mixtures are the most important source of organic matter for the soil and should have in the rotation of 33-40% of the occupied area of sowing. It is established that the presence of 17% of meadow clover in the structure of sowing stabilizes the state of humus, 33% - provides its expanded reproduction. Long-term studies of ISA - branch center FNAC VIM shows that on dark-gray forest soil the greatest quantity of organic matter (dry weight) forms a legume-grass mixture - 10.4-11.8 t/ha, grasses (grass mixture) with the use of mineral fertilizers - 10.2 t/ ha, red clover - 6.8-8.9 t/ha. Crop-root residues of maize grown for silage without application of fertilizers are 6.35 t/ ha, with mineral fertilizers - 7.62 t/ha of organic matter (dry weight). The amount of plant residues, including straw from winter wheat, reaches up to 7.8 t/ha with fertilizers, without fertilizers - 7.2 t/ha.

This artical contains the results of the 3-year-old field trial usage of two herbicides Quickstep, MEE - 0.4 l/ha and Evolution, Ke - 0.5 l/ha, used to reduce contamination of sugar beet annual grasses weeds and increase productivity culture. With the level of contamination of cropsby Echinochloa crusgalli, Setaria up to 66 pcs/m², studied graminicides reduced infestation culture these weeds to 88.0-92.0% and increase harvest carrots beets on 3.1-3.8 t/ha.

The article presents the results of studies on the spread of weeds in the conduct of complex control measures in corn fields. Here is a comparative explanation of the prevalence of weeds in the area of crop rotation (corn in the crop rotation with soy) and in the field of corn cultivated in a monoculture. In research in 4 fields in rotation with soybean and in one embodiment of monoculture (continuous corn rotation) methods were used for physical and biological control, spraying herbicides against weeds followed by planting corn. From the results it became clear that in comparison with the variant of sowing after the monoculture of corn in crops after the rotation with soy as a result of the last inter-row plowing (15.07.2016), the number of weeds significantly decreased in all variants (excluding option 2). In addition to weed control the basic cultivation of land and the introduction of green manure in these options has increased the fertility of the soil, and the adopted measures have led to increased corn yield and reducing incidental costs. During the research period in corn fields in different periods dynamics of distribution of weeds on all options was investigated.

The aim of the work is to assess the sustainability of breeding significant interline hybrids F₆ to V. dahlia, created in NIESSVAH as a starting material for breeding. 21 samples were selected by the NIISSVAH staff and the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry ANRUz and transferred for the relevant biochemical analysis. In the experiment, they determined the activity of peroxidase, then they revealed its activity in seedlings of cotton seeds, and also established responsiveness to the defeat of V. dahlia. As a result of the research, the seeds of 21 different cotton hybrids were tested to study the activity of the chitin-specific peroxidase enzyme. For this purpose, seedlings of families of hybrid combinations of cotton were used in order to select a breeding material with high resistance to Verticillium. In the work on the assessment of resistance to V. dahlia, biochemical tests were used using phytoimmunity marker enzymes - chitin specific peroxidase. As a result of a biochemical study in the laboratory, it was established that the complex interlinear combination F₆[F4-L-105 x L-108) x L-104] should be attributed to the pathogen-resistant V. dahliae among the studied samples. The family isolated from the F₆ hybrid [F₄(L-105xL-106)xL-106] was used as a parental family when breeding a new variety of cotton C-6577, which was transferred for study to the State test from 2018.

Purposeful large-scale work on the creation of apple cultivars with improved biochemical composition of the fruit has been carried out at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) for more than 60 years. Some results of the work on the creation of cultivars with the improved biochemical composition of fruit are summarized in the article. A number of the apple cultivars with high contents of sugars, ascorbic acid and P-active substances have been created. The best cultivars according to a complex of commercial traits and content of sugars in fruit are: Osipovskoye - 12.2% (on State testing), Orlovsky Partizan - 11.8% and Ivanovskoye - 11.8% (included in the State Register). The best cultivars according to the content of ascorbic acid in fruit: Vita - 21.4 mg/100g, Veteran -19.4 mg/100g and Ivanovskoye -19.5 mg/100g (the last two cultivars are included in the State Register). The best cultivars according to the content of P-active substances in fruit: Kandil Orlovsky - 558 mg/100g, Orlovsky Pioner - 514 mg/100g and Pamyati Khitrovo - 480 mg/100g (all are zoned). These cultivars are significantly different according to the biochemical composition from wide-known cultivars Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Grushevka Moskovskaya, Osenneye Polosatoye, Papirovka, Pepin Shafranny and the most new cultivars of VNIISPK breeding. Apple breeding for higher content of sugars and biological active substances (vitamins C and P) has great prospects, because the introduction of such cultivars as irreplaceable energy sources into production will allow to increase nutritional and preventive value of fruits without additional costs. However, we must remember that the purposeful development of high-sugar and high-vitamin cultivars requires the creation of large hybrid funds and years of hard work. It is also necessary to develop rapid methods to carry out mass tests quickly so that to determine the nutrients and biologically active substances in the fruit of a large number of seedlings.

The article was dedicated to issuing computational formulas for determining the expense and impact distance of underground water-supplies used for irrigation and water supply. The computational formulas have been proposed to determine the expense and impact distance of underground water-supplies on the basis of H.Darsi lav and “division of flow” method used for solving the flow issues to the water-collector and water-carrier devices in underground hydraulics. The proposed formulas can be used in the design of modern underground water-supplies, as well as for the restoration of ancient ones.

There are given the results of a scientific research on updating the information retrieval thesaurus in agriculture and food developed in the CSAL to provide precise displaying the content of documents during indexing, unified data representation, describing subject areas and improving the retrieval possibilities of the thesaurus. The main functions of the information retrieval thesaurus being the basic information retrieval language of the multitopical database AGROS are specified: capturing, normalizing and systemizing the lexis used in scientific literature; indexing documents and retrieval requests; providing harmonized, unified and formalized representation of information in the database and its products; ensuring the fullness and precision of subject search by software support of the hierarchic relations and synonymy relations; formal and logic control of the indexing terms of the database; function of a terminological reference book. The wording procedures for updating and including new terms into the thesaurus, establishing paradigmatic relations between lexical items and forming the hierarchical trees are described. More than 5300 lexical items have been modified (added, changed, and deleted) in 2019. New terms on plant protection, zoology, botany, agricultural engineering, AIC economy and animal husbandry were introduced. The new version of the information retrieval thesaurus contains 54394 lexical items. Of them 34869 are descriptors and 19525 are ascriptors. More than 21660 lexical items are scientific (Latin) names of organisms (1805 of them are new). 1617 terms having a synonym status were included; of them 1043 lexical items are scientific names of organisms. More than 2970 relations between the terms (hierarchic, synonymic, and associative) were added.