The fourth part presents the dynamics of development of scientific directions in the journal “Agrarian Science” according to the following indicators: time diagram with accumulation; normalized time diagram with accumulation.

Presents statistical information on the top-10 organizations of the journal “Agrarian Science”, which was ranked according to the following criteria: organizations — authors’ place of work (by number of articles); organizations — authors’ place of work (by number of citations in the RSCI); оrganizations — authors’ place of work (by number of citations in the RSCI core); оrganizations citing articles in the journal «Agrarian Science»; organizations cited in articles of the journal «Аgrarian Science».

Presents information on foreign countries and regions of the Russian Federation, which was ranked according to the following criteria: authors of articles in the journal “Agrarian Science”; distribution by number of publications; distribution by number of publications in the RSCI; distribution by number of publications from the RSCI core; citing publications.

The article presents the results of long-term use of “Firocoxib” for the treatment and control of the inflammatory process in animals with a confirmed diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma of an indeterminate phenotype in the head area. The study was conducted in 2024–2025 on the basis of the Department of Diseases of Small Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals of the Russian Biotechnological University (Rosbiotech). The object of the study was 40 dogs with unresectable soft tissue sarcomas of an indeterminate phenotype in the head region, confirmed histologically.

The aim of the work was to study the effect of “Firocoxib” in the complex therapy of unresectable soft tissue sarcomas with an assessment of the course of the local inflammatory process. During the study, 4 groups of dogs were formed, in which the volume of the affected tissue, the degree of inflammation, pain syndrome and the growth rate of unresectable malignant neoplasms in dogs were determined. “Firocoxib” was used in three groups as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in combination with “Carboplatin” (an alkylating antineoplastic drug), the fourth group served as a control (“Carboplatin” was used in monotherapy for animals in this group).

According to the results of the study, “Firocoxib” reduced the inflammatory component and the degree of pain in the area of localization of the oncological process, which significantly improved the quality of life in all three groups of dogs compared with the control, while no side effects were detected. “Firocoxib” has been shown to significantly enhance the antitumor activity of “Carboplatin” by relieving the inflammatory process and partially inhibiting tumor development, leading to partial remission and increased overall survival.

Relevance. Pyometra is a common and potentially life–threatening pathology of the uterus in dogs. Panovariohysterectomy with systemic antibiotic therapy is recognized as the main method of treating pyometra in dogs. An organ-preserving approach in young and valuable breeding animals is provided by the drug treatment of bitches with an uncomplicated form of the disease.

Methods. The study was conducted on dogs with an open pyometra, divided into 2 comparable groups according to the scheme of drug therapy: I group consisted of sick dogs (n = 6) who received “Estrophanthin®” (a. s. cloprostenol), II group — sick dogs (n = 6) who received the antigestagenic drug “Estrophanthin®” along with “Alizine®” (a. s. aglepriston). Systemic antibiotic therapy was also used in both groups. The diagnosis on the pyometer was made collectively, based on the data of anamnesis, clinical and gynecological examination, transabdominal ultrasound (ultrasound) of the internal genitalia, ultrasound Dopplerography (ultrasound) of the uterine vessels and the results of clinical and biochemical blood tests.

Results. During a comprehensive clinical and echographic examination of experimental dogs on days 21–28 of the experiment, complete remission of pyometra symptoms in the combination therapy group was 100% (versus 66.67% in the “Estrophantine” monotherapy group). Recovery of sexual cyclicity was noted in the group of combined prostaglandin-antigestogen therapy (II group) by 33.3% higher (83.3% versus 50.0%) than with Estrophantine monotherapy (I group). Pyometra recurrence was recorded in I group in only one dog (16.67%), whereas in II group the frequency of pyometra recurrence was twice as high and amounted to 33.33%.

Relevance. Mastitis remains one of the most widespread and economically significant diseases in dairy cattle breeding and is a serious problem both in terms of productivity and animal health, as well as in terms of economic losses associated with the costs of veterinary measures and the disposal of inappropriate milk sales.

The article evaluates the effectiveness of three vaccines of different dosage forms with different antigenic composition used for the specific prevention of mastitis in dairy cows in the Russian Federation, shows the impact of immunization on animal health.

The aim of the work is a comparative assessment of the preventive and cost effectiveness of vaccines of various dosage forms with different antigenic compositions used for the specific prevention of mastitis in dairy cows in the field.

Methods. The study was conducted on 580 heads of Holstein rock. The NSC was determined by the viscometric method. Bacteriological analysis of milk was performed by seeding on Columbia blood agar with culture identification by API systems and MALDI-TOF MS. Two Spanish-made cow mastitis vaccines and one Russian-made biopreparation were used in the work, and the vaccine series had valid expiration dates. The animals were vaccinated in accordance with the instructions for the use of immunobiological preparations.

Results. It has been established that the effectiveness of specific prevention of cow mastitis directly depends on the antigenic composition of the vaccines used. Thus, the vaccine in the form of an emulsion (Spain), due to its limited antigenic composition, has demonstrated its ineffectiveness against the dominant pathogen in the farm S. agalactiae. The use of the vaccine in suspension form (Spain) was accompanied by delayed manifestation of mastitis, which indicates the partial effectiveness of the drug against pathogens whose antigens are part of the drug. Vaccine in the form of an emulsion (Russia) it contributed to a significant reduction in the incidence of mastitis in subclinical and clinical forms. The analysis of vaccination costs showed significant economic benefits, even despite the insignificant detection of the incidence of mastitis among vaccinated animals.

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of a coniferous energy supplement based on forest biomass on the antioxidant protection indicators of dairy cows during the transition period. In the period after calving, cows often experience energy deficiency, which forces the body to use fat reserves. This process is accompanied by an increase in the level of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species, as well as a decrease in the amount of antioxidants. This results in oxidative stress. Inclusion of a coniferous energy supplement in the diet of cows has a beneficial effect on the antioxidant system of their body. This is manifested in an increase in the concentration of water-soluble antioxidants, ceruloplasmin and albumin in the blood serum, as well as an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Along with this, a decrease in the activity of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and urea content is observed. Feeding cows with a coniferous energy supplement (CES) improves the health of animals by increasing their antioxidant protection and normalizing protein metabolism. This is especially important during the transition period, when cows are subject to oxidative stress.

Оne of the ways to increase the productivity of chickens is to use different groups of pharmacological agents as growth stimulants. The most commonly used products include vitamins, amino acids, feed antibiotics, probiotics, adsorbents, and organic acids. The work carried out studies proving the ability of the developed butaphosphane-containing pharmacological agent CM-complex to influence the growth dynamics of broiler chickens and assess this effect on the quality of meat products. With standard 39-day and long-term 56-day industrial fattening of broiler chickens, the effect of the SM-complex increases meat productivity by 12.8% and 14.5%, respectively. Depending on the sex of the chickens, at 39 days of age, the effect of the SM-complex is manifested by an increase in body weight in hens by 19.3%, in cockerels by 12.3%; at the age of 56 days by 12.9% and 18.5%, respectively, while the lean body mass index increases by 13.8%, which indicates the formation of a larger and stronger physique in broilers. The use of the CM-complex makes it possible to increase the slaughter yield by 4.7% and the output of the pectoral muscles by an average of 14.9%: in roosters by 6.2%, in hens by 27.2%. The amount of dry matter in white meat of the experimental group increases by 3.9% when slaughtered at 39 days and by 4.3% at the age of 56 days. During 56-day fattening, there is an accumulation of fatty tissue between muscle fibers and in the subcutaneous tissue, which has a positive effect on the nutritional value and culinary properties of the resulting meat products. We recommend such long-term fattening for the production of meat “organic products” of poultry farming.

The productivity of the progeny of Stavropol sheep from parental pairs of different ages was studied. To obtain offspring, 4 groups of parent pairs of 1.5- and 2.5-year-olds were formed. Offspring from pairs of “1.5-year-old uterus × 2.5-year-old sheep”, “2.5-yearold uterus × 2.5-year-old sheep” prevailed in live weight over analogues of “1.5-year-old uterus × 1.5-year-old sheep”, “2.5-year-old uterus × 1.5-year-old sheep” by 8.23; 3.23% and 6.29; 1.38% (p ≥ 0.99). Young animals from pairs of “2.5-year-old uterus × 1.5-yearold sheep” outperformed animals from combinations of “1.5-year-old uterus × 1.5-yearold sheep”, “2.5-year-old uterus × 1.5-year-old sheep”, “2.5-year-old uterus × 2.5-yearold sheep” by 5.26% (p ≥ 0,95), 3,77%, 2,08% (p ≥ 0.95), 4.04% (p ≥ 0.95), 2.39% and 2.8%. Young animals from pairs of “2.5-year-old uterus × 1.5-year-old sheep” had a higher wool yield than from pairs of “1.5-year-old uterus × 1.5-year-old sheep”, “1.5-year-old uterus × 2.5-year-old sheep”, “2.5-year-old uterus × 2.5-year-old sheep”, by 0.1%, 0.8% and 1.2% (p < 0.95). In the Volga region, for the productive use of Stavropol sheep, it is advisable to combine parental pairs of “1.5-year-old uterus × 2.5-year-old sheep” and “2.5-year-old uterus × 2.5-year-old sheep”.

Relevance. The use of feed additives in the diet of young sheep allows for better absorption of the components of the feed consumed.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the feed additive “Levibio” on the growth, development and clinical parameters of young sheep.

Methods. Generally accepted research methods. Generally accepted research methods (determination of body weight, external measurements and indices, clinical condition, clinical and biochemical blood parameters of young sheep). The “Levibio” feed additive contains live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which stimulates the growth of beneficial microflora in the rumen of ruminants.

Results. The greatest positive effect of the feed additive “Levibio” on the implementation of meat productivity in young Romanov sheep is observed at the end of the 3rd month from the beginning of its use. The average live weight of the sheep in the experimental group was 32.44±1.37 kg, which is 5.19% higher than that of the sheep in the control group. Linear measurements of the experimental group animals showed that they were larger in chest girth by 2.2%, height at the withers by 4.5%, height at the sacrum by 2.9%, than their counterparts in the control group. Body constitution indices showed compactness and proportionality of the constitution of animals in the experimental group. Hematological studies conducted during the experiment did not reveal any deviations from the physiological norm. Thus, according to our research, the use of the “Levibio” supplement in feeding young sheep allows for better realization of the genetic potential, expressed in more uniform growth and development, live weight gain, health maintenance, and adaptation to the unstable monsoon climate of Primorsky region.

Relevance. Due to the diversity of herd origins and natural and climatic conditions, as well as animal husbandry technologies, regular evaluation of genealogical lines and testing of breeding bulls for the quality of their offspring is necessary in order to conduct selection with a guarantee of the greatest effect.

Methods. Research on the study of milk productivity of red-and-white cows depending on their linear affiliation and comparison of breeding bulls by the productivity of their daughters was conducted in 2024 at Tselinnoye LLC in the Republic of Khakassia. In first-calf cows, the milk yield for 305 days, the fat and protein content in milk, the amount of milk fat and protein, live weight and milk coefficient were taken into account.

Results. In the interline comparison of the milk productivity indices of first-calf heifers, the best in terms of milk yield were the descendants of the line Vis Back Ideal 1013415, exceeding their peers from the line Reflection Sovering 198998 in milk yield by 199.53 kg (3.27%) (р > 0.999), live weight by 4.59 kg (0.86%) (р > 0.95), milk coefficient by 28.15 kg (2.46%) (р > 0.999). The highest milk yield among the descendants of this line was demonstrated by the daughters of the bull-producer Madman 4719 (6433–4.14–266.3–3.28–211.0). The lowest milk yield was observed in the daughters of Madrid 13509 of the Reflection Sovering 198998 line (5957–4.14–246.8–3.27–194.9). In the Reflection Sovering 198998 line, the best daughters in terms of productivity were the bulls Talant 4117 and Speaker 4401, however, their descendants are characterized by the lowest live weight — 507–512 kg. The data obtained during the research will help livestock specialists to conduct successful selection for the creation of highly productive herds of dairy cattle.

In recent years, there have been many population-based studies devoted to the analysis of the component composition of cow’s milk, aimed at a more detailed study of the variability of indicators under the influence of genetic and environmental factors. The research base consisted of observations from 14 breeding herds of Holstein cattle. Population-genetic studies of the components of cow’s milk were carried out during the control milking periods (the total number of milk samples is more than 36 thousand pieces). 11.5 thousand heads of animals were examined with indicators of biomarkers such as acetone, BGB and urea. Based on the use of a nonlinear function, the lactation curves of daily milk yield, the main components of milk and metabolites of metabolism were modeled. The standard form of the lactation curve description showed the highest level of accuracy — 93.5%, while the percentage of fat and protein describe the opposite forms. The coefficient of determination of the content of the mass fraction of protein during lactation was 83.9%, and fat — only 63.7%. At the same time, the percentage of reliability of the lactation curve model for the content of the mass fraction of lactose was 68.4%. The content of traces of molar urea concentration in milk is modeled somewhat worse, and the coefficient of determination is 46.8%. The reliability of the model of standard lactation curves for traces of acetone and BGB in the milk of Holstein cows was 41.6% and 26.0%, respectively. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of milk yield changes and the application of the developed regression equations of lactation curves demonstrated the prospects of their use for low-heritable traits in order to determine the functional qualities of animals in the context of the course of lactation by period.

Relevance Currently, more than 65% of the dairy cattle in the country are represented by the Holstein breed. During its breeding, great attention is paid to the quality of breeding bulls.

The aim of the work was to assess the influence of a breeding bull on the productive qualities of daughters.

Methods. The research was conducted in the conditions of a typical agricultural enterprise for the production of milk — a breeding reproducer for the breeding of Holstein cattle. The material and data for comparison were the database of the IAC “SELEX-Dairy Cattle”, the results of our own research. Milk yield for 305 days of lactation was taken into account for lactation, MJ and MDB in milk. Dairy productivity (milk yield, fat content, protein content in milk) of cows was controlled by control milks. The fat and protein content was determined in the average milk sample from each cow once a month.

Results. As a result of the research, it was found that, based on the BLUP assessment, the evaluated breeding bulls were milk yield improvers compared to other evaluated bulls. The largest amount of milk was received from daughters of Dagger bull — 10,039.9 kg, which is more than from daughters of other bulls, by 772.6 kg, 721.8 kg and 660.6 kg of milk, or by 7.7%, 7.2% and 6.6%, respectively. The differences were unreliable. The relationship between the indicators of productive qualities varies according to a general pattern inherent in cattle: with an increase in milk yield, there is a decrease in the quality of milk: the mass fraction of fat, the mass fraction of protein in milk. Conversely, with a decrease in milk yield, an increase in these indicators is observed. The daughters of all breeding bulls had a dairy constitutional orientation, since they had high milk production coefficients — above 1,000 kg of milk for every 100 kg of live weight.

In poultry, chicken exterior evaluation is necessary to determine the compliance of chickens with breed standards, productivity direction and to asses genetic diversity. The object of the study were hens of Tsarskoye Selo (Ts), Pushkin (Pus), Russian White (RW), Novopavlovo gold (NG), Cochin Dwarf (CD) and Silky (S) breeds. Long-leggedness index (LLI) and eurisomy index (EI) were calculated based on body measurements. Our studies showed that chickens of different productivity directions vary in values of live weight, linear body measurements and the degree of expression of their relationships. Dual-purpose breeds were characterized by the greatest leg length. The lowest LLI was observed in CCs (49.2%), and they appeared to have the widest and thickest constitution according to EI. The CD surpassed PG by 24.5%, S by 24.4%, and RW by 12.2% on this index. A greater number of reliable correlations between body measurements was obtained for RW hens, which indirectly indicates a high potential of egg productivity in this breed. Fancy chicken breeds showed a smaller number of reliable correlations, and the traits “chest girth”, “metatarsus girth” had a weak correlation in contrast to productive breeds. The greatest number of positive correlations was obtained for CD. The results of cluster analysis indicate that chickens of different productivity exhibit specific exterior traits, which can be modeled by analyzing body measurement data.

Relevance. Improving the breeding and productive qualities of poultry is possible by improving existing lines, developing new lines and creating crosses of poultry with high genetic potential, realizing this potential in regions with different climatic and economic conditions.

Methods. A scientific study was conducted to assess the economically significant traits of the maternal lines of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock breeds in the process of targeted selection in the production conditions of the “Smena” breeding and genetic center.

Results. Targeted selection work with the initial lines for live weight of young animals at an early age allowed to increase this indicator at the age of 35 days in the Cornish and Plymouth Rock breeds in cockerels by 16.7% and 23.2%, hens — 15.2% and 21.5%. Over 5 generations of selection of poultry of maternal lines of both the Cornish and Plymouth Rock breeds, the muscling of the breast was improved by 5.1–3.2%, the muscling of the legs — by 2.5–5.8%, respectively, for the breeds. In the process of selection work with meat hens of the maternal lines of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock breeds, an increase in egg production was noted both for 30 and 52 weeks of life by 2.5–8.9%, the yield of hatching eggs — by 1.2–2.1%. At the age of 30 weeks, the hatchability of eggs from hens of the maternal lines of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock breeds was within the range of 83.8% (Cornish) — 85.6% (Plymouth Rock). The results of the studies showed that the productivity of the maternal lines of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock breeds of the “Smena 9” cross is high.

The study of polymorphisms in genes affecting milk composition and properties is of significant importance for dairy cattle breeding. The CSN2 (CASB) gene, encoding beta-casein, attracts particular attention due to the suggested influence of its allelic variants on human health and the technological properties of milk. This study investigated the polymorphism of the CSN2 gene in Jersey cows (n = 361) in the Stavropol region. DNA analysis was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which revealed two alleles — A1 (CASBА) and A2 (CASBC). The A2 allele was found to be predominant (0.61) over the A1 allele (0.39). Three genotypes were detected: A1A1, A2A1, and A2A2. The most common genotype was A2A1, found in 278 animals. The observed genotype distribution differed significantly from that expected under Hardy — Weinberg equilibrium (χ² = 137.77, p < 0.001) due to a substantial excess of A1A2 heterozygotes (observed heterozygosity 0.7695, expected 0.4760). The A1A1 genotype was extremely rare (2 individuals). This observed genetic structure is a direct consequence of the ongoing breeding program aimed at increasing the frequency of the A2 allele in the herd. Cows with the A1A1 genotype had a significantly higher milk protein yield per 100 kg of live weight compared to cows with the A2A2 and A2A1 genotypes (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences between genotypes were found for other milk production traits (daily milk yield, milk fat yield, total milk fat and protein yield). The obtained results are important for understanding the genetic structure of the Jersey cattle population and for evaluating the prospects of selection based on the beta-casein gene.

The research was carried out in order to analyze the influence of anthropogenic factors on soil degradation in the steppe zone in the 20th century and modern conditions.

The analysis of anthropogenic factors in the manifestation of erosion processes was carried out in the foothill steppe soil-geographical region of the Republic of Khakassia, located in the south of Midlle Siberia. The study was conducted based on research materials from the Scientific Research Institute of Agrarian Problems of Khakassia on Eroded Soils, SibNIiPI of Land Management and Land Reclamation, “Rosgiprozem” and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Khakassia. Anthropogenic pressure on steppe ecosystems (large plowed areas, unregulated sheep and goat populations), lack of soil protection technology for the development of virgin and fallow lands led to the destruction of vegetation and soil degradation in the 1960s, and currently these factors are the cause of deflation in the foothill steppe of Midlle Siberia. Protective 4-row forest strips created from squat elm, hanging birch, poplar, located 300–350 m apart, increase the anti-deflationary stability of the steppe agricultural landscape. In modern conditions, the use of an agroforestry anti-erosion complex (protective forest strips, striped placement of crops, resource-saving soil treatment, reduction of arable land) can reduce the burden on steppe agrolandscapes.

Relevance. In 2022–2024, in the Tver region, on drained lands, the influence of the agrolandscape and fertilizers on the productivity of oats (Avena sativa L.) of the Yakov variety and the efficiency of its cultivation in a grain-grass crop rotation were studied to predict the yield of oats in individual agro-microlandscapes on different agricultural backgrounds.

Methods. The influence of agrolandscape and fertilizers on the productivity of common oats was studied in a grain-grass crop rotation. Experimental design: agromicrolandscapes (factor A) — transit-accumulative of the southern slope; transit of the southern slope; eluvial-transit of the southern slope; eluvial-accumulative (hilltop); eluvial-transit of the northern slope; transit of the northern slope; transit-accumulative of the northern slope and fertilizer background (factor B): 1) — control (N₃₀): 2) N₆₀P₆₀К₆₀.

Results. It was found that the application of complete NPK at a dose of 60 kg/ha in the active ingredient under oats contributed to obtaining the maximum increase in grain yield of 0.67 t/ha in the lower part of the northern slope. According to the oat yield obtained in the variant with the use of fertilizers at a dose of N₆₀P₆₀К₆₀, a close direct correlation was established with the elements of the yield structure: the number of grains in a panicle (r = 0.81), the number of productive stems (r = 0.78) and the weight of grain from 1 panicle (r = 0.76). The use of fertilizer provided the maximum increase in the weight of 1000 grains (5.8 g) at the top of the hill and the weight of grain from 1 panicle (18.6%) in the upper part of the northern slope. The maximum conditional profit (31.65 thousand rubles/ha) and profitability (121.1%) were obtained in the control variant in the eluvialtransit microlandscape of the southern slope.

Relevance. Northern territories are most suitable for virus-free potato seed production due to the low infection background and weak activity of aphids that carry viral infections. The aphidofauna of the Arkhangelsk region has been poorly studied. This work is a generalization of the results of many years of catching winged aphids on potato plantings.

Methods. Winged aphids were caught with yellow water traps and identified using insect identifiers.

Results. During the research period, 43 species of aphids were identified, with populations in different years ranging from 61 to 1778 individuals. Of these, 12 species have the ability to spread potato viruses: Aсyrthosiphon pisum Harr., Aphis fabae Scop., Aphis nasturtii Kalt., Aulocorthum solani Kalt., Brevicoryne brassicae L., Cavariella aegopodii Scop., Hyperomyzus lactucae L., Lipaphis erysimi Kalt., Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, Metopolophium dirhodum Walk., Rhopalosiphum padi L. и Sitobion avenae F. Aphid vectors of potato viruses in the annual population structure accounted for 62–98%, the most numerous representatives of the species A. fabae Scop., A. nasturtii Kalt., H. lactucae L., Rh. padi L. The obtained data allowed us to assess the region by the prevalence of aphid vectors of viral infection, which ranged from low (14–22 individuals per year per 1 trap) to medium (415 insects per 1 trap per year). Winged aphids visited plantings throughout the entire period of potato vegetation, therefore, in the conditions of the northern part of the Arkhangelsk region, it is necessary to carry out measures to protect potato plants.

Vascular bacteriosis of cabbage caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris remains a significant threat to cabbage cultivation, especially in the context of stricter restrictions on the use of chemical plant protection products. The paper presents the results of characterization of the new Murka bacteriophage, which is active against 64.3% of the studied strains of the pathogen, including those circulating in Central Europe and Russia. Model experiments in a multi-channel bioreactor allowed us to determine the temperature dependence of the phage-bacterium interaction in the range of 15–45 °C. It was found that the greatest lytic activity and accumulation of phage particles are achieved at a culture temperature of 20–30 °C. This indicates the promising use of the Murka phage in various climatic zones. The phage showed resistance to chloroform, stability in the pH range of 6–10, and loss of activity at temperatures above 50 °C. Morphologically, Murka belongs to the genus Mioviruses, genetically to the genus Foxunavirus. The 43,277 bp long phage genome contains 83 ORF genes, of which 41 have a proposed function, and 42 are hypothetical proteins. Additional tests have shown that even with temperature fluctuations, the phage is able to effectively control bacterial growth. Special attention is paid to the possibility of using phage in the early stages of plant vegetation, for example, during pre-sowing seed treatment, when conditions contribute to maximum stability and effectiveness of phage therapy. In the future, it is planned to conduct in-planta tests in open ground conditions, which will determine the optimal regulations for the use and integration of phage use into a comprehensive cabbage protection system against vascular bacteriosis.

Relevance. Of particular interest are all kinds of biologically active drugs that have a wide range of beneficial properties: adaptogenic and immunomodulatory, growth-stimulating and stress-resistant. Unlike chemicals, biologics have a more pronounced selectivity of action, they are recognized as harmless to humans and animals, and decompose rapidly in the soil.

Methods. In the experimental scheme, the microbiological preparations “Organit N, ZH”, “Organit R, Zh” and the growth regulator “ApaSil, P” were studied. The research was carried out in 2022–2024 on the fields of the institute. The predecessor is winter wheat. The seeding rate is 5.0 million germinating seeds per 1 hectare.

Results. It was found that the testing of biological preparations on barley crops in the NonChernozem zone had a positive effect on its growth and development. In the variants with the use of biological preparations, the safety of plants for harvesting was 91.6–92.9%, which was 2.3–3.6% higher than the economic variant and 4.4–5.7% higher than the control variant, which showed that, on average, the productivity of spring barley of the Yaromir variety increased by 9.0–18.2% over three years. In variants with the use of drugs, there is an increase in grain size by 28–59 g/l. Conditional net income based on the results of three-year tests was obtained from 3914 rubles/ha to 7958 rubles/ha.

Sunflower is a strategically important crop in ensuring food security. To obtain high yields, timely diagnosis of diseases and the right choice of highly effective drugs for its protection are necessary. Sunflower is affected by phytopathogens such as gray rot (Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whet. [Botrytis cinerea Pers.] (Botrci) and white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (Sclesc). Gray rot leads to a 60–80% loss of yield, white rot leads to a decrease in fat in the seeds and a bitter taste of the oil. An unregistered new multicomponent fungicide, “Elgafar, CE” (300 g/l propiconazole + 200 g/L tebuconazole), and a sunflower-based fungicide, “Amistar Gold, SC” (125 g/l azoxystrobine + 125 g/L diphenoconazole), were selected for research. The research was carried out on sunflower of the VNIIMK 8883 improved variety from the V.S. Pustovoit Federal Research Center VNIIMK. As a result of the research, it was found that treatment with a norm of 0.6 l/ha leads to a decrease in the development of gray rot (Botrytis cinerea) to 4.5–4.9% and the effectiveness of the drug 83.5%. The tested drug also showed high efficacy against white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) at application rates of 0.4–0.6 l/ha, corresponding to 82.9–84.2%. The results obtained confirm the expediency of spraying with the fungicide “Elgafar, CE” (300 g/l propiconazole + 200 g/l tebuconazole) in the tested application rates in order to increase the yield and quality of sunflower seeds.

The aim of the research was to identify patterns in the formation of yield and quality of Echinacea purpurea grass depending on foliar feeding with microbiological fertilizers “Biogor Razvitie” and “Biogor Finish” in different doses and combinations.

Field experiments were conducted at the Belgorod branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VILAR. The studies were carried out on Echinacea purpurea crops of the second year of vegetation in accordance with the Item of the FNI program in the Russian Federation on topic FGUU-2025-0006. On average, over three years of research, the highest grass yield was observed in the experimental variants “Biogor Razvitie” at a dose of 2.0 l/ha + + “Biogor Finish” at a dose of 1.0 l/ha, “Biogor Razvitie” at a dose of 2.0 l/ha + “Biogor Finish” at a dose of 2.0 l/ha, “Biogor Razvitie” twice at doses of 2.0 and 1.0 l/ha + “Biogor Finish” at a dose of 1.0 l/ha, “Biogor Razvitie” twice at doses of 2.0 and 1.0 l/ha + “Biogor Finish” at a dose of 2.0 l/ha, amounting to 1.84, 1.87, 1.99 and 2.01 t/ha, respectively, which is higher than the control by 0.80, 0.83, 0.95 and 0.97 t/ha. The best indicator for the sum of phenylpropanoids in terms of chicoric acid in echinacea grass was noted in the experimental variant “Biogor Finish” at a dose of 2.0 l/ha, amounting to 4.23%. Thus, the use of the preparations “Biogor Razvitie” and “Biogor Finish” contributed to the activation of plant growth processes, an increase in the yield and quality of echinacea grass in the conditions of the Belgorod region.

Relevance. Obtaining high-quality rapeseed products is an integral part of the implementation of effective technologies for processing rapeseed seeds. Among the methods of preliminary preparation of seed material for further use, collapse stands out, which ensures the separation of the shell and the core.

The aim of the work was to study in laboratory conditions various modes of crushing rapeseed seeds and their subsequent fractionation with the release of a protein-fat component in the form of a crushed core and shells.

The methodology. The object of research is 00–type spring rape seeds that meet the requirements of GOST 10583-76 (Russia). The experiments included an analysis of the technological parameters of the collapse process operations: crushing → sieve separation → pneumatic separation. In a separate experiment, the effectiveness of photoseparation of crushed material was studied. The biochemical assessment of the collapse products was carried out in accordance with the current regulatory and methodological documents, mathematical processing was carried out using the MS Excel (USA) application software package.

Results. It was determined that the collapse of rapeseed seeds, while optimizing operating modes, allows for the yield (more than 80%) of a product with a high protein and fat content with a low fiber content. At the same time, slopes after pneumatic separation (about 20%) can be used for feed purposes. At the same time, taking into account the pronounced color difference between the core and the impurity, photoseparation can be used for fractionation and separation of unbroken seeds. Thus, with relatively small losses, it is possible to significantly improve the quality of the core fraction during the collapse of rapeseed seeds. The isolated kernel is rich in protein (21.7%) and fat (37.4%), but it lacks anti-nutrients, primarily lignin and other phenolic compounds found in the shell of rapeseed seeds.

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of adding nanoscale selenium before and after pasteurization of milk on its physico-chemical parameters. Nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction in an aqueous medium using ascorbic acid; such substances as gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose (grade B30K), bovine serum albumin (BSA), chitosan, methylcellulose (grade M-100), Tween-80 and Kolliphor HS 15 served as stabilizers for selenium nanoparticles. The product was enriched at the rate of 30% of the daily dose of the essential microelement selenium per 1 liter of milk. The following physicochemical parameters were measured for milk samples: active acidity of the medium, electrical conductivity, surface tension, average hydrodynamic radius and titratable acidity of the medium. Analysis of the obtained data showed that, in general, all the studied parameters differed slightly from the characteristics of the control sample. The active acidity of the milk medium with the addition of nanoparticles before and after pasteurization was in the slightly acidic range. Electrical conductivity changed by no more than 4%. The change in surface tension was insignificant regardless of the order of adding nanosized selenium. The greatest changes were observed when measuring the average hydrodynamic radius of milk samples. Milk samples enriched with selenium-containing nanosized systems stabilized by gelatin, MC and Kolliphor HS 15 turned out to be aggregation-stable. Thus, the addition of selenium nanoparticles to milk can improve milk parameters without affecting its physicochemical parameters. It is worth noting that trace elements such as selenium are involved in maintaining the body’s immune defenses, which means they have increased antioxidant activity, which is planned to be investigated in further experiments.

The rural economy, which is a collection of production units and households in rural areas, is an essential element of Russia’s socio-economic system. In the study, based on the original methodology of the A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, an interval assessment of its contribution to GDP was carried out, which amounted to 14.8–18.3% (2023). However, official statistics do not take into account a significant part of the public goods produced by the rural economy, including support for demography, preservation of traditional values, environmental stability and recreational potential. Special attention is paid to the role of the rural economy in achieving national development goals: population preservation — higher birth rate in rural areas (1.59 versus 1.36 in cities), strengthening family values; environmental well-being — lower pollution (14.1% versus 40.6% in cities), the potential of organic farming; technological development — the need to reduce import dependence in Agro-industrial complex and acceleration of digital transformation. It is emphasized that a comprehensive assessment of the contribution of the rural economy requires the development of new methods for accounting for non-financial effects. Its sustainable development is critically important for food security, spatial balance, and the preservation of the country’s socio-cultural identity.

The strategic goals of Russia’s agricultural development until 2030 are to increase food security, agricultural exports, involve new land in agricultural circulation, and introduce digital services. Achieving the goals requires flexible policies aimed not only at increasing agricultural production, but also at increasing social and environmental sustainability.

The article is devoted to the problem of socio-environmental transformation (transition) of agriculture. This transformation is an important condition for achieving strategic goals for the development of the industry, including ensuring sustainable food security.

The purpose of the study is to develop an approach for comparing the types of regions based on the calculation of a comprehensive index of socio-ecological transformation of agriculture. In the course of the work, methods of logical and comparative analysis were used, as well as methods of processing statistical information, such as constructing factorial combinational and typological groupings, index analysis, etc. The calculation of social and ecological subindexes has been carried out, on the basis of which a comprehensive index of socio-ecological transformation of agriculture has been calculated. The study identified types (groups) of regions that are homogeneous in terms of social and environmental conditions. The economic characteristics of the selected groups of subjects of the Russian Federation are given.

Based on the calculations carried out, the authors revealed the interdependence of the social, environmental and economic aspects of agricultural development. The results of this study are significant for the implementation of a differentiated agrarian policy and targeted state support for various regions groups.

The article presents the results of research on updating the reference information database “Authority file of names of scientific institutions of the Agro-Industrial Complex” generated by the FSBSI CSAL. The database accumulates information about scientific institutions of the Agro-Industrial Complex from reliable sources, provides the identification of institutions and an effective search for their publications. The structure of authority data and navigation in the database are described. The search tools are reviewed: an input line of a search query in a natural language, a search menu, an alphabetical “List of names of scientific institutions of the Agro-Industrial Complex”, facets (type of institution, industry, time period, location of the institution, language of the name). The linked data provide an access to bibliographic records by the names of scientific institutions in the library’s information resources. In 2025, the database has been updated in the volume of 130 records. The reliability of data on existing scientific institutions of the Agro-Industrial Complex has been monitored, necessary amendments and additions have been made to authority records, and information on the abbreviated form of the official name of an institution has been added. Users have got an access from bibliographic records to authority data. Using the database to search for information about scientific institutions of the Agro-Industrial Complex and their publications ensures the comfort and productivity of users. The updated version of the database with a total volume of 1,715 records is freely available on the Internet.