News, notices, press releases and commercial materials about key events in the agro-industrial complex and agriculture, trends and innovations.

Some indicators of the publication activity of the journal “Agrarian Science” for 2024 are presented to analyze the current state of the journal and its development prospects.
For 2024, 252 scientific articles were published in 12 monthly issues of the journal “Agrarian Science” in four sections: “Agronomy” — 82 articles, “Animal Science and Veterinary Science” — 115, “Agroengineering and Food Technologies” — 38, “Economics” — 17).
The results of the research were published by authors from 45 subjects of the Russian Federation and 4 foreign countries: Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Finland. 8 scientific articles were published in English.
Author’s profile: graduate student, student — 97 people, researcher, specialist, teacher — 248, Candidate of Sciences (PhD) and (or) associate professor — 588, Doctor of Sciences and (or) Professor — 323, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences — 22.The total number of publications financed by grants and funds is 129 articles.
The editors provide open and free access to all materials posted in the monthly issues of the journal on the websites https://www.vetpress.ru, https://agrarnayanauka.ru.
The members of the editorial board of the journal represent 23 subjects of the Russian Federation and 20 foreign countries.

The results of the analysis of the prevalence of primary spontaneous dermal mast cell tumors in dogs in the facial skeleton area study was conducted in 2021–2024. The object of the study were 63 dogs with primary spontaneous dermal mast cell tumors, confirmed histologically.
The purpose of the work is to study the morphofunctional indicators of dermal mast cell tumors in the facial skeleton area in dogs and to assess their degree of malignancy.
During the study, the degree of malignancy was determined according to two generally accepted classifications, according to Kupel and Patnaik — an important prognostic criterion for assessing primary spontaneous mast cell tumors in the facial skeleton area in dogs.
According to the results of histological examination of primary spontaneous mast cell tumors in the facial skeleton area in dogs according to the Kupel classification, it was revealed that less aggressive tumors are more common and account for 65.08%, while highly aggressive mast cell tumors occur in 34.92% of cases according to our data, while according to the Patnaik classification, highly differentiated mast cell tumors were detected in 20.63% of cases, moderately differentiated were observed in 49.21% of cases, and poorly differentiated — in 30.16% of cases. From the obtained information on the classification of dermal mast cell tumors, it follows that the majority of moderately differentiated mast cell tumors according to Patnaik (G2) are highly differentiated according to Kupel (G1), which affects the prognostic assessment and choice of treatment tactics for sick dogs.

Relevance. Lysosomal cationic proteins (LCP) of granulocytic leukocytes: elastase, cathepsin G, proteinase-3, calgranulin, cathelicidins, defensins, lactoferrin, protegrins are active against viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa. The issues of physiological regulatory, immune and pathological effects of LCP and their derivatives – neutrophil (heterophil) extracellular traps (NETs) on pathogens, healthy cellular and tissue structures of the body are noted.
Results. The increment of LCP granulocytes is realized by: 1. merocrine type — by degranulation; 2. exocytosis and false degranulation, that is, the process of decationization of lysosomes containing granules of cationic proteins with apocrine or holocrine type of secretion. Decationization implements exocytosis of LCP, extrusion of intact lysosomes from the cell with LCP, and diffusion of LCP through the lysosome membrane. Lysosome degranulation reactions with LCP form phagolysosomes and initiate phagocytosis, lysosome decationization reactions with LCP ensure the formation and functions of NETs. NETs is formed by non-lytic (non-lytic) and lytic (lyzed) pathways in septic and aseptic inflammation, with the ontogenetic development of immune links. NETs is stereotypically formed intravascular during aseptic inflammation, oxidative stress and in a physiological regime, when granulocytes are stimulated by products of oxidative metabolism. Using a cytochemical test with a highly sensitive acid-base bromophenol blue indicator, subcellular and cellular manifestations of the physiological age-related immune activity of cationic proteins accumulated in granulocyte lysosomes were studied on the avian model organism (Aves), and nonspecific adaptive reactions (NAR) of vertebrates in early postnatal ontogenesis were studied. The basis for the formation of NAR is the relationship of groups of leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes) with the dynamics of their lysosomal cationic proteins. The method for calculating the level of activity and potential capabilities of granulocytes in phagocytic reactions and in the formation of .NETs includes indices characterizing the directions and intensity of immune reactions of granulocytes, taking into account the processes: 1. degranulation of lysosomes with LCP — in the initiation of the cellular phagocytic link; 2. decationization of lysosomes with LCP — in the initiation of extracellular traps involved in the implementation of the humoral link of immunity.

Relevance. To obtain highly productive animals, it is necessary to introduce new technologies for purposeful cultivation of repair heifers based on the general patterns of individual development by periods and phases of ontogenesis.
The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the age of mothers on the growth of chicks during the dairy period.
Methods. For the research, all newborn heifers were divided into groups depending on the age of their mothers: 1st group from heifers; 2nd group from cows for the second calving; 3rd group from cows for the third calving; 4th group from cows for the IV calving and senior calving. Weight gain was determined by the change in body weight from birth to 6 months of age by monthly individual weighing. Heifers were weighed immediately after birth and up to 6 months of age (monthly). Based on the results of weighing, the absolute, average daily and relative weight gain was calculated.
Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that heifers with a lower live weight are obtained from heifers, which remains so until the end of the dairy period. She was 4.3–5.3 kg less at birth, or 11.3–13.9%, and 9.0–13.4 kg, or 3.95–6.25%, at 6 months of age. Chicks from mothers grew better after the second lactation. Their live weight was the highest. She was 227.7±2.32 kg at the age of 6 months. Considering the dynamics of changes in average daily live weight gains by months (periods) of cultivation, it should be noted that in the first two and fourth groups, there is a decrease in live weight gains in the second month, and then an increase in them in the first three groups in the third and fourth months of cultivation with a further decrease in 5 and 6 months (the first and second group). In calves from cows of III and older lactation (group III and IV), fluctuations in live weight gain are observed over the months of cultivation.

The development of Holstein calves obtained from sperm by various freezing methods, as well as depending on the level of immunoglobulins in the blood serum during the colostrum period (on the third day of life), depending on the live weight at birth, was studied. The work was carried out in the winter period at the “Agrofirma Zarya” in collaboration with Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst and the All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Animal Breeding under a scientific cooperation agreement.
A total of 36 heifers were used in the experiment with different evaluation criteria: Depending on the use of sperm prepared in different ways: Group I (experimental) - heifers obtained from sexed semen (n = 18), Subgroup II (control) - heifers obtained from conventional semen (n = 18). Depending on birth weight: Group I - birth weight up to 35 kg (n = 11), Group II — 35–39 kg (n = 14), Group III - 40 kg and above (n = 11). Depending on the concentration IgG, they were divided into three groups: Group I (n = 6) — 6.0–6.5 g/dl, Group II (n = 14) — 6.6–7.5 g/dl, Group III (n = 16) — 7.6 g/dl and higher. It was found that the live weight of calves has a significant difference at p < 0.05, that is, heifers born from sperm harvested in the traditional way had 3.5 kg more live weight compared to heifers born from a sex-separated one. The discrepancy remains until 5 months of age, and at one year of age, on the contrary, calves born from sexed semen will have a birth weight greater by 9.1 kg than heifers born from conventional semen. Similar results at birth were noted in the analysis of daily weight gains (р < 0.01). It was revealed that calves with different live weight at birth had a significant difference before the age of 5 months, and after the age of 6 months, everything gradually smooths out.
83% of calves had serum IgG levels above 6.6 g/dL. Only 16.7% of calves (n = 6) had relatively low serum IgG levels on day 3 of life. The heifer groups by IgG levels had a high level of significance (р < 0.01). Serum globulins did not have a significant effect on subsequent calf development.

Relevance. During the milking period, high-yielding cows mobilize body reserves, and the metabolism of new cows is precisely coordinated to meet the increased metabolic demands for milk synthesis.
The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of increased feeding level on the component composition of milk.
Methods. The studies were conducted in the breeding farm of the Moscow region JSC “NaroOsanovsky” on first-calf cows, the duration of the experiment — 120 days. The groups (11 goals each) were formed according to the principle of pairs of analogues. The basic diet of the control group was balanced in all nutrients, minerals and vitamins. Feeding level of first heifers of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups from the first days of lactation was increased by additional inclusion of targeted protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate (PVMC). Milk samples were taken during control milkings with registration of daily milk yield. The component composition of milk was determined using an infrared automatic milk analyzer “CombiFoss FT+” (Denmark) in the laboratory of selection control of milk quality of JSC “Moskovskoye” for breeding work. In the average samples were determined milk fat, protein, lactose, dry matter, skim dry matter, urea.
Result. During the period of the experiment, the average daily milk yield of experimental cows was significantly higher compared to the control. The analysis of milk component composition indicates that due to the increased level of feeding, milk of cows of experimental groups was characterized by a higher nutritional value.

Relevance. To study the polymorphism of genes of the main histocompatibility complex, the nomenclature of loci, the designation of OLA alleles in sheep, the associative relationship with resistance or sensitivity to parasitic and infectious diseases.
The aim of the study is the state of knowledge of the main histocompatibility complex (OLA) in sheep.
System analysis, statistical review of literature data from Russian and foreign sources on the study of sheep major histocompatibility complex (OLA) were used in this work. According to the level of study of OLA, sheep are among ten known animal species: primates, dogs, cats, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, salmon and mice. OLA is involved in the immune system of sheep and encodes foreign antigen recognition proteins. Studies by a number of scientists have shown that OLA genes have significant polymorphism, along with other genetic markers. In this regard, the OLA nomenclature is being intensively formed (10 loci are already known). The loci and alleles determining resistance or susceptibility to parasitic and other diseases have been identified. This will allow further selection and formation of populations of resistant animals to certain infectious origins. Knowledge of the genetic structure in DRB1 and DQB loci of sheep will make it possible to develop a reagent-software complex for studies to assess the level of OLA polymorphism in different breeds of sheep. Genotyping of sheep at early stages of development by genes of the main histocompatibility complex will make it possible to identify animals resistant or susceptible to diseases.

The article presents long-term data on the study of the productivity of cotton varieties and lines in the conditions of Central Tajikistan. In all samples, the number of boxes ranged from 12.6 to 20.4 pcs/plant. This indicator varies along the lines in the range of 9.4–21.8 pcs/plant, which is significantly higher than the standard variety Ziroatkor 64 (9.4 pcs/plant) — up to 12.4 pcs/plant. With a maximum value (17.0–20.4 pcs/plant) of this feature, the varieties Farovon 20, Dusti IZ, Yage 110 and Dangara 30 distinguished themselves with a deviation from the standard by 7.6–11.0 pcs /plant. The weight of one box of varieties of Turkish (foreign) breeding NAK-99/1 is 6.2 g, DP—5111 — 6.0 g, local varieties Kabadian 30 — 6.7 g, Yage 110 — 6.2 g, Farovon 20 — 6.1 g, which is higher than the standard variety Ziroatkor 64 (5.0 g) by 1.7 g, and according to the best foreign — up to 0.6 g. The best indicators of the economic harvest from among the studied varieties and lines of medium-fiber cotton were varieties of local selection Kabadian 30 (65.6 c/ha), Dangara 30 (54.5 c/ha) and Yage 110 (51.2 c/ha), and from foreign ones — DP-5111 (57.2 c/ha), which exceeded the standard Ziroatkor 64 (39.0 c/ha) to 26.6 c/ha, and of the promising lines — L-1 (79.0 c/ha), L-4 (76.1 c/ha), L-7 (70.1 c/ha) and L-2 (69.7 c/ha). The deviation from the Ziroatkor 64 variety (39.0 c/ha) ranged from 30.7 to 40.0 c/ha, and from the best foreign variety — 12.5–21.8 c/ha.

Pink snow mold, caused by the low-temperature ascomycete Microdochium.nivale (Fr.) Samuels and I.C. Hallett), is a regular occurrence in winter triticale (x Triticosecale, Wittm.). It is the most common and damaging phytopathogen in temperate and cold climates. Field experiments were conducted at the laboratory of winter rye and triticale breeding of the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture FRC KazSC of RAS in 2020–2022. The experiments were carried out under both natural and artificial infectious conditions. The samples were screened in the laboratory by infecting detached leaves with the most virulent strain of Microdochium.nivale, F00608. The study focused on 50 hexaploid samples of winter triticale from the N.I. Vavilov VIGRR gene collection. The results demonstrated that the mean disease damage score for winter triticale samples on the artificial infection background was 6.39 ± 1.52, while in natural conditions of infection development, the score was 3.34 ± 0.94. A correlation coefficient of r = -0.708 was observed between snow mold damage on the artificial infectious background and yield. The development of snow mold resulted in a significant loss in yield, amounting to 50.4%. The results of the field studies demonstrated that the majority of winter triticale cultivars were susceptible to pink snow mold. The forms with relatively high levels of field and laboratory resistance were identified. The sources of field resistance to snow mold have been identified as potential candidates for further use in breeding. The varieties Beta 2, Doctrine 110, Capral, Nemchinovsky 56, Bashkirskaya korotkostebelnaya, Tsekad 90 and Altaysky 5 have been identified as resistant to both natural infection and epiphytotic load. The varieties Pyatrus, Kroha, Privada, Gorka, Almaz, Capella, Tribun have demonstrated high resistance to pink snow mold in detached leaves, and are therefore recommended for use in genetic studies.

Relevance. It is known that the productive qualities of animals depend on the genetic component and animal housing conditions. Due to the fact that the microclimate of the room should be perceived as a complex dynamic system, it is necessary to determine a number of factors that have the greatest influence on its relationship with living organisms. In order to create favorable conditions in the premises for keeping cattle, it is necessary to comply with the regulated values from normative documents. The biggest problem at the moment in microclimate regulation is the detrimental effect of heat stress. As a rule, it is caused by uncontrolled temperature increase in the cattle housing. To date, heat stress is combated in several ways: the use of specialized equipment, pharmacological, prevention of harmful effects, genetic. At the same time used methods to reduce the impact of heat stress is still insufficient, in view of which nowadays research is conducted to create new systems.
The purpose of the study was to conduct simulation modeling to verify the values obtained from theoretical studies. Computer-aided design and data processing programs such as Compass-3D and Microsoft Office were used.
Results. The results of the study allow us to establish that the velocity of the outgoing air flow at the moment of exit from the duct is 1.615 m/s, and the velocity of the air flow when approaching the cattle decreases and reaches 0.450 m/s. These values are lower than the theoretical one by 15% and 10% respectively. The relationship between the results of simulation modeling and theoretical values is direct and has a strong closeness of relationship, convergence is equal to 0.86.

Relevance. Mycotoxins are a structurally diverse group of predominantly low-molecular-weight compounds produced by molds. Mycotoxin-contaminated food raw materials and products pose a serious threat to food security, as mycotoxins can cause acute or chronic poisoning. Therefore, the search for effective methods of detoxifying food systems from mycotoxins, with the potential for scalability in real production conditions, is of critical importance. However, detoxification of mycotoxins is a multifaceted challenge, requiring a systematic understanding of a range of factors.
The objectives of the study are to collect, analyze and systematize scientific data in the field of the main types of pollutants of food raw materials from the class of mycotoxins, their potential danger; disclosure of possible mechanisms of degradation of mycotoxins under the influence of non-thermal factors.
Methods. The analytical analysis of scientific publications on the research topic was performed using the Elibrary and Sciencedirect databases for various search queries for 2020–2025.
Results. The analysis revealed a vast body of scientific literature demonstrating the high toxicity levels of mycotoxins commonly found in food raw materials and products. Mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxins, fumonisins, nivalenol, enniatin, T-2, HT-2 and patulin can cause chronic or acute toxicity in animals and humans, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity. The search for effective and scalable methods of decontaminating food systems from mycotoxins has primarily focused on non-thermal methods, with cold plasma treatment recognized as the most promising. A significant number of studies have shown that cold plasma can destroy up to 100% of mycotoxins in contaminated food systems.

Relevance. The article is devoted to the study and optimization of the dessert recipe based on goat’s milk curd paste with the addition of talkan. Talkan (ground grits) is added (10–20%) to increase the content of fiber and trace elements and improve taste and texture. Based on a balanced amino acid composition of cottage cheese paste with the addition of talkan, a functional product (dessert) with increased nutritional value and unique taste qualities has been created. Modern processing methods make it possible to preserve the beneficial properties of goat’s milk and create products with high nutritional value. Prebiotics, probiotics and other functional ingredients contribute to gut health and overall health improvement. The study includes increasing the nutritional value of cottage cheese paste with the addition of whey protein (5–10%) and inulin (1–5%) to improve its amino acid profile and obtaining a dessert with the addition of talkan (layers).
Methods. To optimize the formulation, methods of improving the composition, optimizing quality, technology and safety were used. The analysis of the nutritional value, amino acid composition and organoleptic properties of the dessert was carried out on the basis of standard methods of analysis of milk and dairy products.
Results. Pasteurization and fermentation parameters have been optimized, whey protein and inulin have been added. Regression analysis made it possible to predict the level of product quality. The addition of 5% whey protein and3% inulin during pasteurization at 85 °C for 5 minutes and fermentation at 42 °C for 6 hours provides an optimal balance between protein, amino acid composition and prebiotic activity.

Relevance. The digital transformation of economic processes determines a new format for interaction between subjects of the agro-industrial complex during the implementation of production and sales cycles. Acting as an intersectoral complex, the agro-industrial complex includes many interconnected and interacting elements of the system, the task of which is to ensure the country’s food security. Under the conditions of technological and natural-climatic prerequisites that influence the traditional format of activity of agricultural enterprises, as well as a set of factors that form barriers to stable development, the implementation of the fundamental task of the agro-industrial complex is possible by increasing the efficiency of interaction of its structural components. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex in the context of digital transformation is the creation of a unified digital ecosystem, which implies a tool for coordinating and integrating participants, goods, AgTech solutions and scientific research results in a single information environment.
Methods. During the study, the theoretical aspects of the digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex were studied, the current level of digitalization of the Russian agro-industrial complex was determined, the problem field and possibilities for implementing the digital ecosystem in the agroindustrial complex were identified through the use of systemic, structural-functional and statistical analyses, modeling methods, classification and deduction.
Results. As a result of the research, a concept of the digital ecosystem of the Russian agro-industrial complex was created, considering the current state of the agricultural sector and market challenges. The proposed digital ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex is designed to increase the efficiency of agricultural enterprises, ensure the rational use of natural resources, and minimize the impact of barriers to the development of the agro-industrial complex through effective communication and coordination of key market participants in a unified information environment.

Relevance. The study provides an analytical overview of global rice production over time from 1961 to 2022 according to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development of the global rice production market.
Methods. The empirical basis of the study was the statistical data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The theoretical basis of the study was the works of famous Russian and foreign scientists, directly affecting various aspects of world rice production. The methodological basis of the study was the following methods: comparison, time analysis, data systematization.
Results. China and India produce more than 50% of the world’s rice. In China, there is a trend towards a decrease in the area of rice production, in parallel with an increase in yield. There are a number of countries that have enormous development potential in the rice market: Pakistan, Cambodia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia. These countries are rapidly increasing the volume of harvesting areas for this crop and increasing the efficiency of these areas due to increased rice yield per 1 hectare.

This article is devoted to the analysis of economic and legal aspects of the formation of a sociopsychological profile of consumers of agricultural products under sanctions. The study was based on a comprehensive review of literature from highly rated journals, modeling methods, logical, historical and comparative analysis were used. The empirical base included data from surveys of 1,500 consumers in 10 regions of the Russian Federation. It was found that the imposition of sanctions led to an increase in demand for domestic products by 18%, while 67% of respondents noted the importance of supporting local producers. 4 main types of consumer behavior in new conditions have been identified. The author’s terminology of key concepts is proposed. The results are important for understanding the transformation of consumer preferences and developing targeted marketing strategies in the agricultural sector. Prospects for further interdisciplinary research at the intersection of economics, law and consumer psychology are outlined.

Relevance. The article is devoted to the urgent problem of financing scientific research in the field of agriculture at the expense of budgetary funds. Based on the analysis of key publications in recent years in highly rated journals, the main trends and problems in this area have been identified.
The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of budgetary funds allocated for scientific research within the framework of the state assignment of the Financial University, and to develop recommendations for optimizing this process, taking into account the specifics of the agricultural sector of the economy.
Methods. The research used methods of systematic, logical and statistical analysis, as well as expert assessments. The empirical base consists of data on the financing of scientific projects at the University of Finance for 2019–2023.
Results. It was found that during the period under review, the volume of budget financing of agricultural science at the Financial University increased by 28%, while the number of completed scientific projects increased by only 14%. The average level of implementation of research results in agricultural production was 32%. A set of measures is proposed to increase the practical return on budget investments, including: concentration of resources in breakthrough areas, strengthening cooperation with the agricultural business (r = 0.72), and the formation of an effective innovation transfer system. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of budget expenditures on agricultural science from the standpoint of financial management. The conclusions and recommendations obtained are important for substantiating the priorities of the state scientific and technical policy in the agro-industrial complex and can be applied in the activities of financial management bodies.