A comparative analysis of the publication activity and scientometric indicators of the journal “Agrarian Science” over a two-year period (2023 and 2024) is presented. The study was conducted based on data from the scientific database eLibrary.Ru. Key indicators were analyzed: position in the Science Index ranking, number of published articles, citations in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) and its core, two-year and five-year impact factors, as well as the average article length and number of references per publication.

The research results demonstrate positive dynamics for the majority of indicators. In particular, an increase in the Science Index rating from 6.07 to 6.12 was noted, along with a growth in the number of articles (from 248 to 268) and citations, as well as an improvement in impact factor values. The journal maintains strong positions in reference groups, being among the top 25% of journals according to the List of the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC, category 2) and the top 50% in other significant lists.

The conducted analysis confirms the sustainable development and growing influence of the “Agrarian Science” journal within the scientific community.

Relevance. Adenoviruses (Mastadenovirus, Adenoviridae) are among the prevailing etiologic agents of the complex of respiratory and intestinal diseases of cattle, accounting for up to 70% of the nosological structure of morbidity in young animals. Diagnosis of adenovirus infection is difficult due to the diversity of serotypes, the most widely used in practice is enzyme immunoassay. It is possible to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the method by equipping test systems with purified recombinant antigens.

Methods. The work used methods of bioinformatics analysis and genetic engineering. Cloning of the synthesized insert encoding a fragment of the hexon gene was carried out in the pET-22b(+) vector, expression was carried out in E. coli organism. Classical methods of cell disintegration in combination with metal-chelate affinity chromatography were used to select purification conditions.

Results. Using classical methods of bioinformatics analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the WBR-1 strain of bovine adenovirus type 3, the epitope structure of the truncated recombinant hexon with a molecular weight of 17.0 kDa was developed. The protein with a hexahistidine tag was synthesized in a prokaryotic expression system by the producer strain E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS/pET-22b(+)-Hexon in the form of inclusion bodies. Optimal conditions for culturing the strain and performing metal-chelate chromatographic purification on Ni-NTA Sepharose under denaturing conditions were selected, which made it possible to obtain an electrophoretically homogeneous product. Conditions for setting up an indirect enzyme immunoassay based on recombinant hexon were optimized. The methodological approach described in the work can be applied to obtain recombinant hexon as an antigen for obtaining polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies against adenovirus type 3, which is more effective and economical compared to the antigen of the native virus cultured in mammalian cells. 

The article examines the relationship between the “gut — liver” axis and the mechanisms of influence of functional targeted probiotics on the indicators of nonspecific resistance of farm animals. During evolution, animals have developed a multi-level defense system against environmental factors, the leading component of which is the immune system. This system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiates innate and adaptive immune responses. Of particular importance are phagocytosis and humoral factors of natural resistance (lysozyme, properdin, bactericidal activity of blood serum), as well as the intestinal microbiota, which regulates immune homeostasis within the framework of the “gut — liver” axis. The obtained experimental data demonstrate a pronounced immunomodulatory effect, manifested in a significant increase in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 10–40%, depending on the animal species. The maximum values were recorded in piglets, with an increase of 40.95% (p < 0.001) by the 60th day of the experiment. The study revealed a significant increase in the lysozyme activity of blood serum, reaching 70.27% (p < 0.001) in Bessonovka calves by the end of the observation period. The earliest response was noted in bactericidal activity, where statistically significant differences from the control group were recorded as early as day 3 in calves and day 10 in piglets, with a maximum increase in the indicator of 43.15% (p < 0.001).

Relevance. In modern conditions of intensive poultry farming, antibiotics are often used unsystematically for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, which contributes to the widespread development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. This circumstance requires the study and introduction into agricultural production of feed additives that have a beneficial effect on the body and productivity of poultry. Preparations based on organic acids, which have antibacterial and growth-stimulating effects, have great potential.
Methods. Four groups of day-old broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross were formed. Birds of the II, III and IV experimental groups in addition to the main diet received Acid Lac at the rate of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 g/kg of feed. Chickens of the I group served as a control. Blood was collected from birds of all groups at the age of one day, 7, 14, 28, 35 and 42 days for immunological studies. At the end of growing, the broilers were slaughtered with subsequent collection of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius to determine the weight of the organs.
Results. The use of Acid Lac in broiler chicken diets contributed to the enhancement of humoral factors of natural resistance of the organism. By the end of rearing, the lysozyme activity of blood serum in the birds of the experimental groups exceeded the control values by 6.63–7.77%, bactericidal — by 5.37–6.04%. The phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes increased by 6.87–13.46%, the phagocytic index — by 21.0–28.0%. A decrease in the number of circulating immune complexes by 5.88–9.83% was observed. The weight of the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen was higher in broiler chickens of the experimental groups.

Relevance. This article presents an analysis of the turkey meat production market in Russia. Poultry farming (and turkey farming in particular) in modern Russia is a growing industry that can address the challenges of providing the population with nutritious, high-value products and ensuring food security.
Methods. The analysis covers the period from 2024 to August 2025. The search for potentially relevant articles was carried out by keywords in electronic databases, official data from Rosstat, and publicly available on the Internet.
Results. The growth of turkey meat production in Russia over the past 5 years has been revealed (this trend remains unchanged). Domestic turkey meat production in 2024 increased by 3.8% compared to the previous year, reaching 438,000 tons. Turkey’s share of total poultry meat production in Russia reached 8% at the end of 2024. Despite this growth, turkey accounts for only 3.4% of Russian annual meat consumption. The industry’s main problems are the weakness of the domestic breeding base, the avian influenza pandemic, and the need to increase demand for turkey meat among the population.

Relevance. Low fertility of dairy cows is associated with embryonic mortality, which depends on the balance of sex steroids interacting with thyroid hormones. Polymorphism of the DIO1 gene, responsible for the metabolism of thyroid hormones, also affects reproductive function.
Methods. To study the dynamics of the progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2) blood content in connection with the effectiveness of artificial insemination and the DIO1 gene polymorphism, 30 black-and-white cows of the second to fourth calving were used. Blood sampling was performed on the day of insemination and after 7, 14, 21 and 33 days. The concentration of the hormones in the blood serum was determined by ELISA. On the 33rd day, based on the ultrasound results, the cows were divided into groups — pregnant (n = 18) and non-pregnant (n = 12). Using the qPCR method, three genotypes of animals were determined: CC (n = 13), CG (n = 10) and GG (n = 7).
Results. After successful insemination, the P4 concentration in the cows’ blood increased continuously (13.7 times) for 5 weeks, whereas after unsuccessful insemination its increase (5.9 times) was observed only between days 21 and 33. Concurrently, the level of E2 on the day of insemination was 1.4 times higher in non-pregnant animals than in pregnant animals. Besides, within 3 weeks after insemination, the E2 content in the blood of cows with the CG genotype was 1.5-1.9 times higher than that in animals with the CC genotype. The findings will be useful for improving the prognostic assessment and early diagnostics of the artificial insemination effectiveness in cows.

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) is a keystone species of circumpolar ecosystems with significant economic importance for indigenous northern peoples. Despite its long history of interaction with humans, questions regarding genetic differentiation between domestic and wild populations remain debated. This study presents the first mass screening of polymorphisms of the myostatin gene (MSTN) with subsequent assessment of the level of genetic differentiation between populations of domestic and wild reindeer. The study sample (n = 958) included individuals of domestic breeds (Nenets, Even, Evenki, Chukchi) and populations (Tuva, Mongolian), as well as the wild forms (tundra and taiga) from the bioresource collection of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. Realtime PCR was used to genotype the target SNP (g. 1132348) in the MSTN gene. An analysis of genotype and allele distribution revealed significant interpopulation differences: domestic reindeer showed variable allele frequencies: A — 43,5–60,2%, G — 56,5–65,4%), while wild populations predominantly carried the A allele — 67,8–71,1%. The homozygous AA genotype was more frequent in wild (46,1%) than domestic (17,95%) populations, potentially reflecting adaptation to natural environments. These first-reported findings contribute to understanding the evolutionary dynamics of the species and are valuable for the developing genetic diversity conservation strategies, implementing marker-assisted selection and formulating sciencebased genetic resource management programs for reindeer

The paper presents the results of a molecular genetic analysis of polymorphisms at the GH-HaeIII and CAST-MspI loci in Kazakh black-tailed rough-haired sheep bred in farms “Razakhun” in Zhambyl region and “Tokan” in Zhetysu region.
The purpose of the study is to study the genetic structure of populations and identify the distribution of genotypes and alleles associated with productive traits.
Genotyping was performed by PCR followed by restriction analysis (PCR-RDF). It was found that the GH-HaeIII locus is characterized by an extremely low level of polymorphism: the A allele was almost completely fixed in all the studied groups, while the CAST-MspI locus demonstrated a higher degree of allelic diversity, especially in the “Razakhun” farm population.
Statistically significant differences in genotype distributions, heterozygosity indices, fixation coefficients, and deviations from Hardy — Weinberg equilibrium were observed. The findings highlight the value of the CAST locus as an informative marker for assessing genetic diversity and supporting breeding program design. These results may serve as a basis for the further implementation of genetic markers in selective breeding programs for sheep in Kazakhstan

The search for genetic markers and their identification that determine the formation and degree of manifestation of promising phenotypes for economically important traits in chickens is one of the priority tasks of genomic selection.
The research objectives are to search for and identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes associated with the weight of the first egg in laying hens based on genome—wide genotyping data.
The object of the study was F2 hens of the resource population obtained by interbreeding two breeds with contrasting egg productivity — Russian White and Cornish (n = 94). F2 individuals were assessed by the weight of the first egg at the beginning of laying. For whole-genome genotyping of F2 hens, the Illumina Chicken 60K SNP iSelect BeadChip DNA chip was used.
Based on the obtained phenotype and genotype data, whole-genome association studies were performed. Seven significant SNPs (p < 1.06 x 10^-5) associated with the first egg weight in F2 resource population hens were identified. The 26 genes were identified in the SNP data area, including 3 genes in SNP positions (MPP7, SNTG1, SEPTIN11). It was established that genotypes GG at the Gga_rs15141739 locus (SNTG1) and AA at the GGaluGA162050 locus cause a high weight of the first egg (p < 0.01).

Since the effectiveness of OPU is influenced by a large number of factors, including the breed and individual characteristics of animals, it is necessary to select the optimal OPU modes for different breeds of cattle. It is worth noting that it is particularly relevant to study the factors affecting the effectiveness of OPU/IVP in the framework of creating cryobanks of embryos of domestic cattle breeds, since they have a limited number. This study was conducted at the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry on heifers of the Sychev breed recognized by the gene pool.
The aim of the work was to study the effect of the frequency of OPU sessions (1 or 2 times a week) on the pattern of ovarian follicle development in relation to the quantity and quality of extracted oocytes.
During the study, it was found that with a decrease in the interval between OPU sessions from 7 to 3–4 days, there was an increase in the number of medium-sized aspirated follicles (by 73.8%) with a simultaneous decrease in the number and proportion of degenerated oocytes. Thus, in the group undergoing OPU twice a week, the proportion of usable oocytes was 62.8% versus 53.3% in the group in which the sessions were performed once a week. At the same time, the proportion of aspirated follicles from the total number of ultrasound-visible follicles did not differ between the groups (78.6% versus 78.4%). Taking into account the results obtained, the optimal mode of conducting OPU sessions on Sychev heifers was considered to be twice a week.

The development of new directions in beef cattle breeding is focused on the creation of highly productive animals capable of efficient meat production with rational use of feed protein and energy.
The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of genotype by growth hormone and thyroglobulin genes on morphological composition of carcass and feed bioconversion into meat products in Hereford bulls. Hereford bulls genotyped for GH and TG5 genes (n = 9) were raised to 21 months of age. Homozygous carriers of the V allele of the GH gene consumed 6.4% (р = 0.09) more feed crude protein during the rearing period, accompanied by better muscle tissue development by 25.6 kg (р < 0.05) and skeletal development by 3.1 kg (р < 0.05), and lower fat content by 6.4 kg (р < 0.05). In LL-genotype carriers, lean accounted for 70.6% of carcass weight, which was 4.7–5.2% (р < 0.05) less than peers with the V allele. Between homozygous genotypes for GH gene there was a significant difference in feed metabolizable energy consumption per 1 kg of gain at the level of 9.82 MJ (р = 0.05). In bulls with VV-variant of GH gene 10% of feed crude protein was used for building body tissues, which was 0.9% (р = 0.19) higher than in LL-genotype. Carcass fat amount was significantly (р < 0.05) determined by the TG5 gene genotype of young animals. T allele was associated with intensive fat deposition and C allele with muscle development. Genetic variation in GH and TG5 genes can be used to improve the breeding efficiency of Hereford cattle.

Relevance. Fusarium wilt is the most harmful disease of flax. Climate change and rapid expansion of areas under oil flax in the country pose a risk of epiphytoties of this disease. Breeding varieties with various highly effective resistance genes will provide reliable protection against the pathogen.
Methods. Phytopathological assessment of resistance to fusarium wilt was performed under the conditions of a vegetation experiment and a climate chamber (air temperature 26 °C). Selective backgrounds were created using a pure culture of the causative agent Fusarium oxysporum f. lini — isolate 39 and an artificial population of the pathogen. The infection was introduced into the soil at the rate of 400 g per 50 x 85 x 20 cm box.
Results. Screening of 60 collection samples of flaxseed was carried out, 35 sources of resistance to fusarium wilt were identified, which showed a high level of resistance (81.2–100%) on selective backgrounds, which indicates the presence of highly effective R-genes for this disease. An increase in the virulence of isolate 39 was established at elevated air temperature (26 °C) during the germination-herringbone period, which led to a decrease in gene expression in 37.1% of the isolated resistant samples (damage 39.0–83.4%), a high level of resistance was retained by 22 genotypes: Uralsky, Legur, Altess, Raciol, BS-12, Arny, etc. Phytopathological testing of flax samples with modified fatty acid composition AGT 422, AGT 987, Raciol (medium-linolenic), AGT 427 and AGT 1538 (low-linolenic) revealed differences in their response to infection with 13 isolates of the pathogen, which suggests that they have non-identical vertical resistance genes to the pathogen.

Relevance. The applied selection methods in primary seed production are focused primarily on testing plants for individual or complex traits. In this regard, the justification of the need and the study of the effectiveness of seed selection methods based on qualitative characteristics is relevant and has practical significance.
Methods. The research was carried out according to the methods of laying and conducting field experiments with flax, the methodological guidelines for the primary seed production of flax. The assessment of seed quality and morphophysiological properties of crop seeds was carried out in accordance with the current GOST.
Results. It was found that the flax plants in the selection nursery differed from each other in the amount of seed mass on the inflorescence, which varied from 4.4 to 5.2 mg. The heterogeneity of the pods (fruits) in terms of seed mass within the inflorescence of plants was revealed. Taking into account the peculiarities of the formation of seed mass on the plant and in the box (fruit), the possibility of seed quality selection is justified. Selection methods based on seed weight, size and seed weight, as well as seed quality, combined with preliminary testing of plants for morphological characteristics, made it possible to increase the yield of updated flax seeds by 2.9–5.3 times compared with the control, to ensure the necessary level of seed quality (germination 93–97%) and morphophysiological properties, and There is also a 22–51% reduction in labor costs.

Relevance. Due to global climate changes, it is of particular interest to study the issue of increasing crop rotation productivity in conditions with uneven precipitation during the growing season. It is possible to identify the most effective crop rotation schemes, regardless of pricing policy, using bioenergy assessment. The inclusion of drought-resistant late crops capable of making up for crop losses of other crops in unfavorable years ensures the stabilization of output and increases the efficiency of agrocenoses.
Methods. The study of the effectiveness of the inclusion of grain sorghum and corn in the fourfield crop rotation was carried out on the basis of bioenergetic analysis. The following indicators were calculated based on the amount of accumulated energy from the harvest and the cost of total energy for crop cultivation: energy gain, bioenergy coefficient, energy profitability and energy cost of harvest. The mathematical processing of the results was carried out by the method of variance analysis using the AGROS 2.09 program.
Results. As a result of the energy analysis, it was revealed that the inclusion of row crops in agrocenoses significantly increases the efficiency of using arable land in conditions of insufficient moisture. In the variants with saturation of crop rotations with row crops, the maximum energy output is set with a harvest of steam — winter wheat — soybeans — grain sorghum (32.67 GJ/ha) and steam — winter wheat — soybeans — corn (35.12 GJ/ha) at a total energy consumption of 11.16–11.35 GJ/ha. In these variants, the energy gain was 21.68–23.94 GJ/ha, the energy profitability was 194.33–211.12%, the cost of crop energy was 0.39–0.41 GJ/ha, and the energy efficiency coefficients were 2.94–3.12. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive dependence of the coefficients of bioenergetic efficiency of crop rotations on the hydrothermal conditions of crop cultivation, the correlation coefficient between the indicators was 0.71–0.74. In acute arid years, differences in the efficiency of crop rotations with different crop alternations are more pronounced than in average and moistened ones.

Due to changing weather and climatic conditions, updating the varietal composition of agricultural crops (in particular, alfalfa) to provide agricultural producers with new, highyielding and adapted varieties is an urgent task. The study of the source material is the primary stage of the breeding process.
The research objectives are a comprehensive study of alfalfa collection nursery samples and the identification of the most valuable for the further breeding process as a source material.
The studies were conducted in 2022–2024 in the fields of the “Donskoy” Scientific Research Center. The object of the research were 54 local alfalfa samples, 6 samples of foreign and local selection. The samples that exceeded the Rostovskaya 90 standard were analyzed and selected for the main economically valuable characteristics (yield of green hay mass, plant height, foliage, dry matter and crude protein content). A correlation analysis was conducted between the studied features, significant connections were identified. Based on the results of the comprehensive study, alfalfa samples with a number of useful features and properties for subsequent selection were identified. Sample SGL 151, which surpassed the standard variety in a set of indicators, will be used as the source material for creating new high-yielding varieties with good feed quality

The paper presents an overview of current trends in research and technologies for the use of synthetic sex attractants (SSA) for monitoring phytophages using lepidopteran pests in an orchard as an example. Based on the analysis of scientific publications by domestic and foreign researchers, the high significance and improvement of the use of pheromones for phytosanitary monitoring and is shown. The following research areas are noted: new materials and dispensers for SSA; identification of factors influencing the capture of males of target species by pheromone traps; creation of combinations of pheromones with other types of attractants; joint use of SSA with other monitoring methods; implementation of automated systems for monitoring and counting insects captured in traps. Particular attention in the review is paid to domestic developments and research in the field of creation and use of SSA carriers. Further development of the use of attractants consists in the introduction of automated pheromone monitoring using artificial intelligence systems and trap-free methods for monitoring harmful lepidoptera.

Polygonum weyrichii F. Schmidt is an unconventional perennial crop of multifunctional importance, promising for creating long-term plantations in the soil and climatic conditions of the taiga zone of Western Siberia. The article presents the results of a study of the biological characteristics of the Polygonum weyrichii. In 2022–2024 the duration of all stages of plant development, the dynamics of shoot growth, and the productivity of green mass and seeds have been determined in the collection nursery of the Siberian Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University on a Polygonum plantation (age over 50 years). An important physiological indicator of plants is the characteristic of the pigment complex. The total chlorophyll content in the leaves was relatively high throughout the growing season (25.94–28.55 micrograms/cm2). The accumulation of flavonoids in the leaf epidermis increased from the flowering phase to maturation (1.45–1.88 micrograms/cm2), the nitrogen balance index decreased towards the end of the growing season. Under the conditions of a long-term introduction experiment, this species proved to be a stable introducer, well adapted to local soil and climatic conditions. Thanks to seed and vegetative propagation, it is possible not only to maintain the old plantation, but also to spread the Polygonum weyrichii to new areas outside the main plantation.

The stability of movement of wheeled tractors is one of the main factors contributing to the reduction of energy costs. Modern developments related to the improvement of the design of agricultural tractors, solving the problems of increasing their efficiency face a number of difficulties caused by unstable processes when moving on inclined support surfaces. The issue of modernizing the tractor design should be considered in the parametric aspect of the implementation of its own frequency and shape of oscillations that affect its stability of movement in the technological corridor. A complex task to improve the manufacturability of the tractor must necessarily take into account the fact that new elements change the entire system. Therefore, at the stage of developing a new or modernizing a serial mobile machine, reliability is necessary when determining the dynamic characteristics.
The conducted calculation and theoretical studies of the mechanical processes of the power transmission of a self-propelled chassis of class 1.4 of the classic layout with the developed enlarged calculation scheme of the “Belarus 992” tractor (for fourteen elements of distributed mass) in an aggregate with a KRN-5.6 cultivator. Formed the basis for the creation of a method for calculating the frequency and shape of natural oscillations. The “Machine-tractor unit (MTU)” system has a fairly high value of the frequency of free oscillations, which allows calculating the operating conditions of the structure in long-term operating modes at frequencies close to resonance. A change in the spectrum of the frequency of natural oscillations of the system can serve as an additional wear of parts, tires, etc. When studying the developed “MTU” system, the method described by Professor V.A. Lashko was taken as a basis, and the matrix method was also used. Matrix forms of recording the equations of motion of the torsional-oscillatory system of the “MTU” with many degrees of freedom are convenient for calculations to determine the amplitude-frequency characteristics. To calculate the torsional-oscillatory system of the power transmission of a self-propelled chassis aggregated with a cultivator, a dynamic model was developed representing the variational possibilities of analyzing the combination of the factors and parameters under study.

Relevance. Accurate air temperature measurement is a fundamental task in vineyard microclimate monitoring, as this parameter directly affects phenological processes, pathogen development, and the formation of grape quality characteristics. Available meteorological stations possess a significant limitation — substantial systematic errors when measuring temperature under conditions of intense solar radiation. The development of methods to minimize these errors is critically important for advancing precision viticulture technologies.
Methods. The study is based on theoretical analysis and experimental validation of thermophysical processes in radiation shields. A specialized measurement setup was developed with meteorological systems: a ventilated shield with photovoltaic power supply and a non-ventilated shield, equipped with wind speed and solar radiation sensors. An original physical model of heat balance was proposed, accounting for convective heat exchange, radiative effects, and geometric characteristics of protective devices. An adaptive iterative algorithm was developed for real-time temperature correction calculations on microcontroller systems with mechanisms for handling singular states and ensuring stable convergence.
Results. It was experimentally confirmed that non-ventilated shields demonstrate systematic errors up to 3 °C under high solar radiation. Ventilated shields reduce maximum deviations to 1 °C but require regular maintenance. The developed mathematical correction algorithm outperforms both alternative solutions: maximum deviations do not exceed 0.6 °C, mean deviations are 0.2 °C, normalized root-mean-square error is 3.5%, and the Kling — Gupta criterion reaches 0.993. The proposed solution provides an optimal balance of accuracy, costeffectiveness, and reliability for creating affordable dense networks for vineyard microclimate monitoring.

Relevance. Probiotic-based starter cultures are used to improve the quality and safety of whole-grain bread. The aim of the study is to use plant substrates with prebiotic properties as fermentation media. Whole-grain buckwheat flour, rich in antioxidants, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals, can serve as such a substrate. Fermentation using probiotic starter cultures in whole grain bread technology increases the bioavailability of active compounds, nutritional value and microbiological safety of the product.
Methods. Experimental data are presented on the effect of whole-milled buckwheat flour on the growth of lactic acid bacteria and a probiotic yeast strain during the production of thick starter cultures. The antagonistic properties of starter microorganisms against Bacillus subtilis and mold fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, and Rhizopus were studied, along with the fermentative activity of the starter. The optimal dosage of thick buckwheat probiotic starter for whole wheat bread production was determined, along with the amino acid composition and antioxidant activity of the resulting bread.
Results. It was found that starter strains developed better in a medium made from the Bashkir Red-Stem buckwheat variety. Antagonistic activity of the studied lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains was observed against Bacillus subtilis VKM-B-501 and certain mold strains of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, and Rhizopus. The most promising lactic acid bacteria strains were selected for creating a thick buckwheat probiotic starter. The starter was deemed suitable for baking applications. The optimal amount of thick buckwheat probiotic starter was 40% of the mass of dispersed wheat grain. Using this starter in whole wheat bread technology resulted in bread with enhanced antioxidant activity and a more balanced amino acid profile.

This scientific review is dedicated to analytical methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in milk and dairy products. The primary focus is placed on the accuracy, reliability, and accessibility of the methodologies employed for food quality control. A comprehensive examination of various analytical techniques is provided, including liquid and gas chromatography, spectroscopy, and micro-fluorescence. It is noted that existing technologies ensure sufficient accuracy and reproducibility of results, thereby enhancing the safety of dairy products. Despite the complexity of the procedures, modern instrumentation delivers reliable outcomes and supports effective food quality control. PAHs are classified based on their molecular weight and origin, differing in their toxicity levels and capacity for bioaccumulation in living organisms. The review offers a detailed assessment of extraction and purification methods, encompassing liquid and gas chromatography, Raman microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. International guidelines and regulatory limits for PAH content in foodstuffs, as established by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), are presented. The prospects for the application of various analytical methods in real-world settings are evaluated, emphasizing the critical importance of precise monitoring of PAH levels in dairy products. This review underscores the necessity for the continued refinement of PAH analysis and control methods, as well as the significance of collaboration between the dairy industry and specialized laboratories to minimize contamination risks.

The transformation of food systems is driven by challenges in ensuring sustainability, food security, and public health. The emergence of new solutions in the development of food ingredients and products should take into account the need for the rational use of both traditional and new sources of nutrients and rely on innovative solutions at the stages of production, distribution and packaging.
The purpose of the review is to substantiate the main opportunities and challenges in creating new food matrices.
The research materials were WHO and FAO strategic level documents, scientific literature and highly rated journals in the subject area for 2015–2025. Logical and analytical methods such as induction, synthesis, structuring, causal and descriptive analysis were used in this study.
The study examines the main food groups, the technical and technological solutions used for their production, and the specifics of regulatory and organizational solutions. International and domestic experience in the development of new food ingredients and the creation of food matrices is presented, methodological approaches and information technology implementation practices have been developed in this area. The strategic directions of scientific support for the implementation of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of optimizing nutrition of the population are highlighted. The generalized information on the transformation of food systems in order to ensure access to healthy, sustainable nutrition made it possible to identify promising areas and goals for the creation of new food products/ matrix and ingredients, as well as identify potential problem areas.

Business analysis of the use of enterprise resources is extremely relevant, since the use of its tools allows enterprises to increase their competitiveness, profitability and sustainability in the context of a constantly changing economic and technological environment. Without proper analysis and resource management, an enterprise risks losing its market share and facing serious financial difficulties. Using classic business analysis tools and methods at large enterprises seems to be a labor-intensive process due to the large array of data being analyzed. In the context of digitalization of the economy, economic entities have access to new opportunities that can significantly reduce the risks of errors in calculations due to the human factor. The article substantiates the advantages of using digital business analysis tools to increase the resource potential of an agro-industrial enterprise. Data on the state of resources of an agro-industrial enterprise and the potential for their effective use are analyzed. The authors found that the use of digital business analysis tools is a necessary trend that allows business entities to automate their work, improving its quality and efficiency.
The conducted analysis allowed us to identify specific digital business analysis tools, the use of which will improve the efficiency of using the resources of an agro-industrial enterprise.

The study suggests a methodology for reducing the aerotechnogenic impact on agroecosystems and the risks of soil degradation through the adaptation of gas-dynamic protective technologies and a digital twin. It is based on a cyber-physical architecture that integrates data from IoT sensors, remote sensing and UAVs into a geospatial database for model calibration by machine learning.
A comprehensive simulation was carried out at a hypothetical landfill (5000 ha): CFD analysis of gas dynamic screens (wind protection strips), hydrological modeling in SWAT and flood assessment in HEC-RAS. The results are aggregated into an integrated agro risk index. CFD modeling revealed a nonlinear dependence of screen efficiency on porosity. Excessive density increases turbulence and reduces the protection zone, while moderate porosity (35–45%) ensures optimal balance. The three-row configuration (∼38.7%) demonstrates maximum efficiency. SWAT confirmed that switching to no-till with cover crops reduces runoff by 64%, soil washout by 88% and nutrient loss by 75–77%. HEC-RAS has shown a significant increase in the scale of flooding during extreme floods, and the need to optimize land use.
The integrated assessment proved that the combination of optimized screens with soil protection practices reduces the total risk by 62.8%, and expected crop losses by up to 71.2%, demonstrating a synergistic effect. The digital twin serves as a tool for design and adaptive management, transferring the principles of gas dynamic protection from the space industry to the context of precision agriculture.

The shortage of teachers with a natural science background in rural schools is a critical challenge for providing quality education in remote areas of the Russian Federation.
The purpose of the study is to analyze modern approaches to training and attracting teaching staff to rural institutions.
The methodology includes analysis of data from Rosstat and the Ministry of Education for 2019–2024, a survey of 60 teachers from 23 rural schools across 8 Russian regions, expert interviews with 15 administrators, and content analysis of regional programs. A critical staffing level was identified: mathematics — 67.1%, physics — 58.3%, chemistry — 52.8%, biology — 70.4%. The average age of teachers is 49.2 years, the share of those of retirement age is 36.7%, and staff turnover is 31.6% annually. Targeted training demonstrates a 76.8% retention rate of graduates, and digital technologies increase access to education by 28.3%. The main barriers are salaries 24.1% lower than in cities and housing problems for 69.8% of teachers.
A comprehensive system of measures has been developed: targeted job placement with a mandatory three-year employment period, housing provision, and social benefits for young specialists. The professional support model integrates targeted training of rural school graduates, mandatory mentoring, and regular professional development at school-based centers. Implementation of these measures will increase staffing levels to 85–90% within 5–7 years with annual federal funding of 12.4 billion rubles.