Methodology. The assessment of the appropriateness of using the anti-stress pharmacological complex of SPAO for prophylactic immunization of hens with egg productivity against Newcastle disease was started at 45 days old before intramuscular vaccination against Newcastle disease with Gallimune ND vaccine at 47–48 days old. SPAO-complex — stress protector antioxidant — pharmacological complex for birds was developed at the Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pharmacology of the South Ural State Agrarian University, which was used at a dose of 185 mg/kg of body weight according to the scheme with water through a system of medications two days before, on the day of exposure and within two days after exposure to stress factors. Antibodies to the Newcastle disease virus were tested by hem agglutination inhibition test.

Results. As a result, it was proved that vaccinations by parenteral administration of vaccines cause the development of non-specific adaptive reactions in chickens. The level of development of reactions corresponds to the formation of stress. The use of the SPAO-complex reduces the immunosuppressive effect of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal system during the development of adaptive reactions in birds under industrial stresses. In the prophylaxis of Newcastle disease chickens of the egg productivity direction on the background of stress prevention by the pharmacological complex of SPAO antibody production is more uniform throughout the herd. In the experimental group, titers are in the range of 9.40–13.40 log2, in the control group — 8.52–12.36. The level of statistical differences in the intensity of antibody production log2 is at the level of P = 0.0277. After transferring the hens to the production shop in the experimental group a higher level of productivity is noted compared to the control: egg production in the experimental group is 2.04% higher, the livestock safety over the period from 105 to 250 days of life of hens reached the highest values in the experimental group and amounted to 99.72%, in the control group — 99.44%.

Methodology. The sperm production of nine Aberdeen-Angus bull sires aged 4–9 years (55–91 months) has been studied depending on the animal age, the animal color, and the season at the Head Center for Reproduction of Farm Animals, Public Corporation.

Methodology and results. It is ascertained that age appears to affect the ejaculate volume, the sperm concentration in the ejaculate and the total sperm count in the ejaculate. The best values for sperm count per ejaculate were calculated for the black-color bulls at the age of 5–6 years, for the red-color bulls at the age of 7 years. Defects in native sperm comprised 78–79%. It has been revealed that the sperm parameters for the ejaculate volume (P < 0.01), the sperm concentration and the total sperm count (P < 0.001) tend to vary depending on the color of an animal. The values for sperm quality determined by the post-thaw sperm motility after 5 hours of incubation at 38 °C are in the range of 8.4–9.5%. However, despite the analyzed ejaculates taken from the black-color bulls of (n = 309) and the red-color bulls (n = 107), it is required to carry out a survey with the higher number of qualitative ejaculates. It is necessary to find out both the cause for a high abnormal sperm count and the ways to solve the problem.

Relevance. The limiting factor for the development of camel breeding in the Almaty region is the small number of queens and producers. The rotation system of borax-producers is violated, as a result of this the frequency of using moderate and even related mating of camels of reproductive age increases.

Methodos. The object of the study was purebred Kazakh Bactrian of the South Kazakhstan type, bred in Bayserke-Agro LLP of Almaty region.

Results. Effective criteria for evaluating and selecting camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed have been developed for productivity based on a study of the patterns of growth and development of camels. In the process of evaluating the reproductive ability, shearing of wool and milk productivity of the Kazakh bactrian of the South Kazakhstan type of the main broodstock, a wide range of variation of the studied characters was revealed. The output of camels for 2018–2020 varied from 40% to 50%. The safety of the camels was 72.7–87.5%. Camels of the main herd on average produce wool from 5.1 kg to 5.6 kg. The average daily milk yield in the third month of lactation was 5.7–5.9 kg. It has been established that for parental couples with a coefficient of hair cut up to 0.8 camels at the age of one year have a hair cut of 2.4 kg, which is significantly lower by 12.5% compared to peers received from parents with a coefficient of hair cut of 0.9–1.4, and 29.2% lower — in comparison with young one-year-olds received from parental couples with a coefficient of hair cut of 1.5 and above. Camels in the post-dairy period, obtained from camels with a fertility index of up to 42%, develop more intensively compared to peers obtained from camels with a fertility index of 42–47%, 47% and higher.

Relevance. A characteristic feature of the examined southern part of the Kyzylkum desert of the Turkestan region is mainly the meridional orientation of the ridges and hillyridged massifs of sand. Two main groups of  types of pastures were identified: shrubherbaceous — shrub-ephemeral on hilly-ridged sands and  sagebrush-saltwort, less often with turfy cereals on brown soils.

Methods. The work uses generally accepted methods for determining pasture productivity, projective cover, composition and structure of vegetation cover, as well as phenology of the main forage plants.

Results. The results of the study and the analysis of the dynamics of the botanical composition and structure of grass stands of these types of pastures for 2017–2019 show that in the spring use from 32.4 to 37.5% are short-growing ephemera and ephemeroids from 21.9 to 25.0% — forbs with a spring development cycle. In the subsequent period of the study (July) these indicators decreased respectively to 5.0 and 8.2%, followed by drying. The maximum productivity of plant associations belonging to the second group of desert pasture types also falls in the spring. Gross productivity averages 3.5; 2.0 and 2.3 с/ha, of which the edible feed reserve is 1.75; 1,2; 1.5 c/ha of dry feed mass. The chemical composition of the grass stand of shrub-mixed grass and shrub-ephemeral pastures of the Kyzylkum in the spring season consists of 70.5% water, 6.0% protein, 1.8% fat, 6.5% fiber, 12.8% BEV and 1.6% ash.  

Relevance and methods. The purpose of the research presented in this article is to select the most suitable winter wheat varieties adapted to the conditions of the Aral Sea region. The recommendation for the production of the most adapted and high-yielding cultivars will help to improve the provision of food to the population.

Results. In the conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan the most plastic, resistant to adverse climatic conditions and, accordingly, high-yielding are both domestic varieties of ASR, Karadarya and the foreign variety Antonina. These varieties also had the best grain characteristics, such as a mass of 1000 seeds, which can ensure their high seed quality.

Relevance. Increasing grain production requires new ways to increase the yield of grain crops. The study of the interaction of plants depending on the distance from the forest strip is currently of particular relevance.

Methods. The scientific article presents the results of the study of spring barley depending on the distance from the forest strips. The purpose of the research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the photosynthetic activity of spring barley crops. The object of research is spring barley Medicum 139. The studies were carried out on the experimental field NVNIISKh, located in the light chestnut subzone of the dry steppe zone of chestnut soils of the Lower Volga. To achieve this goal it was necessary to determine and calculate: the area of the sheet surface; photosynthetic activity of crops; amount of dry phytomass; the net productivity of photosynthesis.

Results. Studies have shown that the maximum photosynthetic potential (AF) was reached the phase of “egress into the tube-earing”, when it was 1.5 times higher than in the phase of “tillering-egress into the tube” and “earing-milk ripeness”. The net productivity of photosynthesis (NPF) of spring barley was maximum in the phase of "exit to the tube-tillering", minimum in the phase of "earing — milk ripeness". The accumulation of dry matter was also observed maximum in the phase of "exit to the heading-earing tube", minimal in the phase of "heading-milk ripeness". The leaf area affected the formation of the mass of 1000 grains and the number of productive stems in the heading phase: R = 0.5 ... 0.7; R = 0.5 ... 0.6, respectively, depending on the distance from the forest strip. In the phase of milk ripeness a reliable correlation was established between the leaf surface area and the mass of grains in the main ear in 2017, 2018 and 2019 (R = 0.7, 0.5, 0.6, respectively). The beneficial effect of protective forest stands on soil properties, as well as on the growth, condition and productivity of crops, is noted. The results of the study indicate the important role of forest strips. The scope of development is the soil zone of the Lower Volga.  

Aim. The effect of various concentrations of sodium chloride on growth parameters, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the amount of photosynthetic pigments and total sugar beet proteins was studied.

Methods. The objects of study were varieties of sugar beets Tarifa, Taltos and Cooper. Plants were grown in a controlled greenhouse for 60 days at different salinity levels (0.2 and 0.5% NaCl and Na2SO4). The parameters of leaves and roots, the activity of catalase (CAT) and benzidyl-peroxidase (BPO), the content of photosynthetic pigments and total proteins during the growing season were determined.

Results. Although leaf and root parameters were stimulated or not affected at low salinity, a higher salt concentration significantly reduced all signs of growth. At a high salinity level, the Tarifa variety had a significantly higher leaf area and root with compared to other varieties. In the variety Tarifa, the activity of CAT was higher than in other varieties, but the activity of BPO, the content of total protein and photosynthetic pigments was higher in the varieties Taltos and Cooper. The salinity of the medium reduced physiological and biochemical parameters in different varieties of sugar beets to varying degrees, and these features of the varieties should be taken into account in breeding work.

Relevance. Pastures of West Kazakhstan occupy more than 70% of the land of economic use and are the main source of feed for farm animals. In recent years, as a result of unsystematic intensive grazing of farm animals, there has been degradation of pasture lands of West Kazakhstan. In order to prevent degradation and desertification and to manage grazing ecosystems, it is important to undertake research to identify the effects of grazing technology on the soil and plant cover of grazing lands.

Methods. To determine the impact of grazing on indicators, soil samples were taken on 3 farms with moderate, weak and intensive pastures located in 3 zones of Western Kazakhstan with dark chestnut, chestnut and light chestnut soil types in a layer of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm. To identify changes in soil indicators by comparison in each zone, soil samples were taken on the reference areas in the layer of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm.

Results. As a result of the carried out studies, experimental data on the current state of soil and plant cover of pastures of 1st, 2nd and 3rd climatic zones of West Kazakhstan with different types of chestnut soils were obtained. Researches determined negative influence of an excessive intensive pasture of farm animals on physical and chemical indicators of pastures of dark chestnut, chestnut and light chestnut soils and also on a projective covering and efficiency of their herbages.

Relevance and methods. The article deals with the impact of resource-saving systems for processing light-gray forest soil, the use of fertilizers and the biological product Stimix®Niva on the value of root availability and yield of grain crops in the link of the spring wheat — pea — oats rotation in the Volga-Vyatka region.

Results. The use of minimal tillage and No-till technology increases the average value of the root availability index of spring wheat plants of the ester variety to 59.2–59.6%. The use of straw destructors (ammonium nitrate and Stimix®Niva) on the background of N60P60K60 when growing peas of the Krasiviy variety using No-till technology reduces the rate of root availability (17.4 and 16.6%) compared to their separate use (27.6 and 29.7%) and the use of the background N60P60K60 (25.2%). The lowest root security of Yakov variety of oat plants when using zero technology for its production is 30.8%. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained in the variant with non-soil "shallow" tillage with the joint use of N60P60K60 and ammonium nitrate as a straw destructor — 3.99 t/ha. The highest yield of peas of the variety Krasiviy was obtained where the main tillage was used by plowing with a plow with dumps with the use of ammonium nitrate as a straw destructor, both on the fertilized background N60P60K60 (2.76 t/ha), and on not fertilized (2.70 t/ha). The highest average yield of Yakov variety of oats was obtained with the traditional system of soil treatment for it — 4.12 t/ha. The use of direct sowing technology provides the lowest yield of grain crops in the link of the crop rotation spring wheat – peas – oats: spring wheat 1.17–3.28 t/ha, peas 0.74–2.24 t/ha, oats 1.15–3.78 t/ha.