The difficulties of differential diagnosis in the clinical practice of a veterinarian are mainly associated with skin tumors. The article presents the differential criteria of squamouscellpapillomasandmelanocyticnevi, clinically diagnosedaspapillomas. Clinical and morphological identity of papillomas and nevi is in the features of growth in the form of warts (exophytic growth), signs of hyperpigmentation (color from light to dark brown). The exclusive criterion of melanocytic nevi is the presence of hair on the surface of the tumor, which is not typical for papillomas. Squamous cell papillomas and melanocytic nevi have epidermal origin, this feature determines their clinical and morphological similarity, as well as the stages of growth. Nevi arise from melanocytes basal layer of the epidermis, the active proliferation of which contributes to the replacement of keratinocytes of the epidermis. Melanocytes infiltrate all layers, signs of hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis are not noted. In the thickness of the dermis, melanocytic infiltration is observed, melanocytes are polymorphic, but retain the features of the structure in the form of split cytoplasm. Nevus contains hair follicles and sebaceous glands with signs of destruction on the background of compression of tumor tissue. Melanocytes of the epidermis are larger, their location provides a zonal structure of the nevus, highlighting the epidermis layer and the reticular layer infiltrated by smaller melanocytes. Papillomas are formed due to the proliferation of basal cells, which are characterized by all stages of differentiation as the growth of tumors and the advancement of cells to the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Coylocytic atypia is the differential criterion for the histological diagnosis of papillomas. The basal membrane is preserved in both melanocytic nevi and squamous cell papillomas, there are signs of cellular atypism and acanthosis.

Relevance. The work is devoted to the results of the use of an ecdysteroidcontaining drug obtained on the basis of Rhapnticum carthamodes on genderaged cows of holstinized black-and-white breed during intensive lactation. The purpose of our research was to develop a treatment regimen for animals with a clinical form of mastitis during intensive feeding.

Methods. The experimental studies were conducted on the basis of the experimental training farm “Lipovaya Gora” in Perm district. The average annual milk yield per cow was 4800 kg of milk. The experimental group of cows was additionally treated with the drug bioinfuzin, containing levzea extract intramuscularly at a dose of 2.5 ml/100 kg of live animal weight, daily for 10 days. The test drug immunostimulator bioinfuzin was developed in the laboratory of veterinary technology of the Federal agricultural research center of the NorthEast named after N. V. Rudnitsky by Professor A. A. Ivanovsky. The second group of cows used the treatment scheme traditionally used in the farm (control). The clinical condition of the animals was observed.

Results. A complex method of treatment of cows with clinical mastitis using bioinfusin in a dose of 2.5 ml/100 kg of live animal weight, daily for 10 days, and the antimicrobial drug ceftonit provides recovery in 75% of animals. The obtained data testify positive influence of bioinfusion on the function of mammary glands of experimental cows. Best results have been obtained in the experimental group with the application of bioinfusion in complex with the drug ceftonit. Clinical condition of cows without deviations from the physiological norm.

The article presents materials for determining the specificity of the method for determining residual amounts of growth promoters and β-agonists using the evidence Investigator immunomicrochip technology and the Growth Promoter Multiple Matrix Array test Suite. According to the results of applying 18 different drugs (hormones and antibiotics), the strict specificity of the method is shown. The method is promising on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The use of "Prodactiv Acid Se" contributed to an increase in the live weight of quail in the growing process, and the resulting product was benign. This supplement is recommended for use with water in an amount of 2 ml per liter of water throughout the growing period.

Relevance. Sheep wool is one of the types of products that requires high energy costs of feed. Therefore, sheep breeding should be based in regions that allow for their soil and climate conditions to contain animals of this type with the lowest material costs. One of these regions of the Russian Federation is the southern Federal district. Assessment of the state of fine wool production in the region makes it possible to develop a science-based strategic program for managing this process, which can be universal and used in relation to other territories. This is the relevance of our research.

Methods. Analytical, statistical, computational, and biometric research methods were used for their implementation.

Results. As a result, it was found that there is currently a certain stagnation in the production of Merino wool in the Southern Federal District. Therefore, additional means of regional and federal support are needed to encourage producers to increase the number of sheep that produce uniform wool. Certification of wool based on methods consistent with international standards of the IWTO countries in this territory revealed a number of qualitative features of the raw materials produced. The largest share in the structure of produced wool — 79–93% — is occupied by raw materials with a diameter of the cross section of the fibers of 20.6–23.0 microns. Very insignificant is volume of wool diameter of the cross section of the fibers less than 20.5 microns — less than 1%. It is produced only in the Rostov region. It was also established that the share of wool with contamination by easily-and difficult-to-separate impurities at the level of 1.5–2% is from 38 to 100% of the produced wool in different regions of the district. The authors propose a system of complex selection and technological techniques to improve the quality of fine wool produced.

Goat breeding is an important branch of animal husbandry. Most of the goat population is kept in private farms. The total number of goats is 1.85 million animals. In 2016, a new breed of goats was approved — the Altai White Downy, total number of which is about 18 thousand goals. The article presents data on the study of leather productivity and skin quality of Altai goats by the basic physical and mechanical indicators. The goat hides were examined at the age of 1.5 years, 10 heads of pairs of analogues. It was found that the ratio of the mass of the studied skins to the slaughter mass is on average 9.4±0.26%, and their thickness in different topographic areas from 1.2 to 4.5 mm, which characterizes the goatskins as thick and heavy. All the studied samples were assigned to the steppe class I, and in size to group I. One of the drawbacks of GOST 28425-90 is that goats with a size of more than 24 dm2 belong to group I; requirements for II, III, and IV groups, unlike the skins of other animal species, are absent. When goats are selected, such an additional sign of productivity as the thickness of the goatskin in the area of cheprak can be taken into account.

Modern cattle breeding now faces many challenges, one of the main is to improve existing and develop new methods for assessing individual breeding qualities of animals. Thesolutionto thisproblemrequiresstudyingthenatureof the inheritance of productivity traits. An open and poorly studied sign in cattle with interbreeding remains protein milk production of cows. This trait belongs to the category of quantitative traits and is controlled by a large number of complexly interacting genes, the manifestation of which is more dependent on the influence of paratypical factors. This fact seriously complicates breeding work and requires a thorough study of the nature of inheritance of milk protein in cross-breed animals, since it is known that animals have completely different genotypes. Signs of milk production of cows, which include the amount of milk yield, mass fraction of protein, mass fraction of fat are quantitative. Quantitative traits are determined by both the genotype and environmental conditions. In modern domestic and foreign literature there is an opinion that the nature of the inheritance of quantitative characters in interbreeding indicates an intermediate inheritance of these characters with a rather large range of variability in the first generation and increasing diversity in the second generation. That is why the purpose of this work is to study the inheritance of milk yield, the mass fraction of fat and protein in cows of German and Leningrad breeding, as well as in their ancestors.

Methods. The study of a set of measures for the involvement of fallow lands in active agricultural circulation was carried out in the south of the foreststeppe of the Non-chernozem zone in the Republic of Mordovia. The object of study was arable land that has not been cultivated for more than 14 years. In the experiment various forecrop of winter wheat, the methods of the main tillage separately and in combination with the herbicide roundup were studied. Evaluation of the effectiveness of measures was carried out on the output of grain units in a crop rotation.

Results. The use of roundup in the development of the deposit contributed to a decrease in the abundance of perennial weeds in winter wheat crops from 40 to 60%, depending on the forecrop. The greater effect of the herbicide was noted on the options with soil cultivation by disk harrow. The reduction in weediness was here from 45 to 68%. The cultivation of the soil with a disk harrow together with the herbicide contributed to the better cutting and mixing of the plant residues of the sod and grinding of the rhizomes of the Elytrigia repens. The determination of the productivity of winter wheat in the crop rotation link revealed that the introduction of a continuous action herbicide roundup increased the collection of grain units for all forecrop. The maximum increase was during processing with a disc harrow for occupied fallow and barley — 0.95 and 1.44 t of grain units/ha, respectively. The profitability level for these options was also maximum and amounted to 41–42%, the conditional net income — 7842 and 8268 rubles/ha, respectively.

The most important link in creating a sustainable forage base in Western Kazakhstan is the mandatory cultivation of drought-resistant crops. Among this group of crops Sudan grass — Sorghum sudanense (Piper.) Stapf. — is considered promising According to the peculiarities of the photosynthetic cycle, Sudanese belongs to type C4, which determines its high productivity. In arid weather conditions, it provides crop stability compared to traditional forage crops, can grow quickly after mowing and can be used for silage, haylage, grass meal and green mass. In this regard in order to ensure uninterrupted supply of livestock with fodder raw materials it is relevant to conduct research on adapting elements of Sudan grass cultivation technology to the conditions of the region. In the studies different sowing periods were studied with an interval of 10 days for harvesting green fodder and haylage. The results of scientific studies have shown that for the conditions of the region it is important to select the optimal timing for sowing Sudanese grass. During the years of research the yield of dry mass of Sudanese grass at different sowing periods was 17,88–22,06 с/ha, while the highest productivity was established at 1st early sowing period.

Relevance and methods. The optimal selection of precursors and methods of biologization can increase the return of organic matter to the soil, increase the yield and productivity of crops. Corn was studied on irrigation, and crops (sorghum, oats, winter wheat) in crop rotation were studied on the bogar. To elucidate the general patterns of plant development in the system of forest strips and in experimental fields (bogar), statistical processing of the research results was used in the Exel and Statistica software packages, which is based on the generalization and synthesis of the results, which makes it possible to reach forecasts of plant development during the growing season. The soil is light chestnut, heavy loamy, with a humus content in the arable layer of 1.74%, the pH of the soil solution is 8.1. The content of easily hydro-lyzable nitrogen is low — 3.2–3.9 mg/100 g of soil, average phosphorus mobile — 2.1–3 mg and exchange potassium increased — 30–40 mg/100 g of soil. The amount of average annual rainfall is 339.7 mm.

Results. A study of the data showed that regardless of crop rotation the maximum content of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) was observed in the tillering phase, then decreased. The correlation coefficient on irrigation shows the tightness of communication over the entire array and gives grounds to use the approximation of the multiple regression equation as predictive in the system of forest stripes on irrigation: Y = a + b₁ Х₁ + b₂X₂ and on the dry land: Y = a + b₁X₁ + b₂X₂ + b₃X₃. In dry years the yield of grain crops (corn, sorghum, oats, winter wheat) ranges from 0.59 to 1.73 t/ha. In wet years the yield of grain crops increases to 4.95 t/ha. With the help of programs you can calculate the amount of fertilizer for a given yield and manage the bioproductivity of crops in the system of forest belts and on the dry land. The importance of soil fertility in managing bioproductivity is based on the optimal selection of precursors and methods of biologization, which can increase the yield of grain crops. The scope of the recommendations is the Lower Volga soil zone.

Relevance. The work shows the need for processing waste from poultry farms into organic fertilizers. The main aspects of poultry waste processing are considered. The scheme for obtaining high-efficiency granular and liquid organic fertilizers from waste from poultry farms is described and shown. Expected results from the implementation of the developed technology are considered.

Results. The technology of waste processing allows you to get both solid granular and liquid organic fertilizers. At the same time, the energy efficiency ofwasteprocessingisincreased, the cost of themainproductsofpoultryfarms is reduced, and the environmental risk of waste entering the environment is minimized.

Methods. The article presents the results of a three-year field experiment to study the effect of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations with strains of associative nitrogen fixators on the yield of sunflower seeds in the Lower Don. The research was carried out at the Rostov state variety section in the Aksai district of the Rostov region in 2012–2014. The objects of research were sunflower hybrids of different maturation period: don 1448 (mid-late) and patriot (mid-ripe). During the field experiment, mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate (N_34,4), ammophos (N₁₂Р₅₀), potassium chloride (К₆₀)), as well as bacterial preparations with strains of associative nitrogen fixators (PG5, Flavobacterin, 17-1, Mizorin 7), made at the all-Russian Institute of agricultural Microbiology (VNIISKHM), Pushkin, were used.

Results. On average, in 2012–2014 the yield of sunflower seeds in the control variant (without the use of fertilizers) hybrid don 1448 was 1.54, hybrid Patriot — 1.61 t/ha. The increase in yield when cultivating the medium-ripe hybrid Patriot when applying the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers N₄₀R₅₀ was 0.46 t/ha or 28.4%, the average late hybrid don 1448 from the dose N₄₀R₁₀₀ 0.47 t/ha or 30.7%. Effective is the treatment of seeds of the hybrid Patriot with biological product PG-5. The increase in yield compared to the control was 0.37 t/ha or 23.0%. This increase is 5.4% less than the optimal version with a dose of mineral fertilizers N₄₀P₅₀. Seeds of the Don 1448 hybrid should be treated with Flavobacterin. But the increase in yield to control was only 0.12 t/ha or 7.8%, which is 3.9 times less than in the version with the highest yield with this hybrid, where fertilizers were applied at a dose of N₄₀P₁₀₀.

The intensive target work for apple assortment improvement is being carried out at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). A large interdisciplinary team of researchers takes part in creating cultivars. Promising areas of apple breeding for our institution are: 1. The development of triploid apple cultivars having more regular fruiting, high marketability of fruits and higher autogamy. 2. The development of cultivars immune and highly resistant to scab. 3. The development of triploid cultivars with immunity to scab. 4. Тhe development of columnar cultivars for intensive and super intensive orchards.

5. Тhe development of apple cultivars with improved biochemical composition of fruits. For the entire period of selection work, artificial pollination in the amount of 5.2 million flowers was carried out, 912 thousand annual apple seedlings were grown, 249 elite seedlings were produced and 54 apple cultivars were created and included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use (zoned). Brief economical and biological descriptions of them are given in this paper. The best diploid apple cultivars Veteran, Orlik, Orlovskoye Polosatoye and Pamyt Voinu as well as triploid cultivars Avgusta, Ministr Kisilev, Orlovsky Partizan, Osipovskoye and Sinap Orlovsky adapted to local conditions are already widely known and introduced into production. Triploid cultivars having immunity to scab Vavilovskoye, Maslovskoye, Rozhdestvenskoye and Yablochny Spas as well as columnar cultivars Vostorg, Girlyanda, Orlovskaya Yesenia, Poezia and Priokskoye are of special interest. The cultivars with improved biochemical composition of fruits are of great interest. The widespread introduction of new promising apple cultivars of the Institute's breeding into industrial plantings will undoubtedly contribute to import substitution of fruit products in Russia.

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.

The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.

Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.

Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

In existing sprayers, including boom sprayers, during operation the working fluid supplied to the system by the pump is regulated by a tap for a pressure-reducing control valve and distributed according to the norm per hectare. At the same time, the working fluid is supplied to the sprayer tips with the appropriate pressure and the amount of working fluid. When the pump is operating, pressure is created in the system with the pressure reducing valve open and the working fluid is supplied to the sprayer booms and tips under pressure, after which spraying takes place from the tips. When the pump does not work then the pressure reducing valve closes. The analysis shows that in all existing sprayers when closing the tap in all cases in the boom pipelines, communications between the pressure reducing valve and the tips there remains a certain amount of working fluid. It is established that this fluid flows from the tips by shaking the rod at idle, due to the centrifugal force in the turning lanes, the difference in the level of the tips in the rod relative to the horizon. This leads to the loss of valuable fluid (water + pesticide) and environmental pollution. The performance of the spraying unit is reduced. This article is devoted to the definition and study in real conditions of the scale of losses in boom sprayers and the development of a means to prevent these losses.