Epizootic well-being of any government is the most important criterion of biological and food security, a factor determining the development of livestock industry, quality of livestock products and raw materials, international trade in livestock products. Access to foreign markets directly depends on this criterion. The article presents a review and criticism of existing approaches for risk-based epizootological monitoring as an independent method. The paper notes the role of science-based approach, geographic information systems and their interaction with information flows during the organization and conduct of epizootological monitoring of infectious diseases in animals.

In a series of three tests, a process of infection through the milk obtained from a cow infected with bovine leukemia virus was simulated in calves under natural conditions. The test on rabbits showed that their infection with bovine leukemia virus is possible through alimentary canal. Feeding rabbits with milk or milk with blood taken from the cow infected with bovine leukemia virus caused the following signs: antibodies to virus antigens in the serum and proviral DNA in the blood lymphocytes. Such infection of the rabbits after oral administration of milk obtained from the cow infected with bovine leukemia virus indicates the risk of infection for people. The minimum doses of proviral DNA were established. These doses cause infectious process after intravenous and oral administration of 3,6x10⁷ copies and 2,7x 10⁹ copies, respectively.

One of the most serious problems in dairy cattle has been and still is ectoparasites. A gnat (mosquitoes, black flies, biting midges, horseflies) takes a substantial share of them. Moreover, a huge number of flies inhibits livestock farms and pastures. Mites also affect livestock. There are several modern agents to control population of flies. They include Asa Fly (insecticide of the new generation) and Maggot (larvicidal agent). Preventive measures involve external treatment with drugs. Deltamethrin-based drugs (for instance, Deltanil) are often used for this purpose. The control of ectoparasites ensures prevention of bacterial and invasive diseases in livestock. Only an integrated approach will reduce the risks of economic losses caused by ectoparasites and increase body weight gain, milk yield and provide high quality products.

In the Tuva Republic, one of the basic reserves for the production of a wide range of environment-friendly products, which are in demand in both domestic and world markets, is the revival of coarse-haired goat breeding. The study was conducted on goats of the following age and gender groups: bucks, does, doelings and bucklings. The down efficiency was studied by individual evaluation of down each animal had produced. After that during the spring shearing the amount of wool yield was evaluated. The down and wool efficiency of coarse-haired goats in the southern zone of Tuva was studied. The basic economically useful features were established: down and wool production in the context of age and gender groups, morphological structure of wool and thinness of different types of fibers. It was established that Tuvan goats have high potential of down productivity, characterized by a rather large amount of down produced (341.2-600.0 g). The content of down in the wool (82.2-91.1%), scouring yield from raw wool (95.9-98.0) and thinness (17.5-20.4 ym) corresponding to the cashgora goats were equal to or higher than the same parameters of local and other goat wool breeds in Russia and CIS countries.

The realization of genetic potential of dairy cattle today is primarily associated with balanced feeding, which can be provided only with high quality bulky feed. In 2016, 2500 t of silage of corn fresh yield at the milk-wax stage of ripeness with a new biological preservative (based on lactic and propionic acid bacteria, 3 g/t) and 4000 t of preserved silage were tested at “Roshcha” LLC in Bazarno-Karabulaksky district of Saratov region. The silage with the new biological preservative significantly improved after storage, compared with the preserved silage: pH - 4.1; total amount of organic acids - 2.80%, content of lactic acid in the total amount of acids - 2.10%, acetic acid - 0.70%, no butyric acid, content of lactic and acetic acids in the total amount - 75 and 25% respectively. The test conducted on lactating cows during the first lactation phase showed that a diet with silage prepared with the biological preservative increased daily yield of 4 % milk by 6,7 % as compared with the control (p < 0.05). Biochemical blood parameters of the cows of the test group indicated the improvement of anabolic processes, it provided an increase in milk productivity. The additional profit after sales of milk obtained from the test group was 3325.5 rubles/animal. To balance the diet of cows in energy and nutrients and to fulfill the productive potential of cows, it is necessary to improve feed base, taking into account available technologies, and to improve quality of bulky feed by using new biological preservatives.

The article presents the results of the study aimed at optimizing technological methods of buckwheat cultivation in Ganja-Kazakh zone of Azerbaijan. Buckwheat is the most important cereal crop. The study was carried out in the Ganja Regional Center of Agricultural Science, Information and Advisory in the western part of Azerbaijan, in Samukh District. The study was conducted in 2016-2018. The soil of the experimental site was carbonate, irrigated, gray-brown (chestnut), light loamy. The content of nutrients decreases from top to bottom in the meter horizon. Due to adopted gradation in the Republic, the agrochemical analysis showed that these soils were nutrient-poor, such soils require organic and mineral fertilizers. The study was conducted on Krupinka variety in three replications, the plot area was 54 m², seeding rate was 2.0-2.5-3.0 million pcs/ha of viable seeds respectively. Agrotechnics of cultivation was according to the adopted technique for Ganja-Kazakh zone. Each year, sowing was on 1-5, 10-15 and 20-25 April. Phenological observations and biometric measurements were conducted on 25 plants. Every year, 100% of manure, 60% of phosphorus and potassium were used during plowing in autumn, nitrogen fertilizers and the rest of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were used at tillering phase. The results of the study established the sowing period (10-15 April), seeding rate (2.5 million pcs/ha) and quantity of fertilizers to administer every year (10 t/ha + N₆₀P₆₀K₃₀ kg/ha) in order to obtain high quality yields of buckwheat and to restore soil fertility in gray-brown (chestnut) irrigated soils in this region.

The article presents the results of the analysis of biochemical composition of raw materials, taking into account physiologically functional food ingredients in each specific type of fruit and vegetable commodities. The most important therapeutic and preventive factor for diabetics is a balanced diet. In modern dietetics, inulin is widely used against disease. The creation of functional food products based on inulin-containing vegetable commodities will provide functional anti-diabetic nutrition. In this regard, the development of new functional food products based on non-traditional types of plant commodities, for example, Jerusalem artichoke, is a promising area of the processing industry. The analysis revealed a wide range of products for the development of formulations of new functional multicomponent canned food manufactured from vegetable commodities based on Jerusalem artichoke. The development of the product was based on the pursuit to produce a product with several physiologically functional ingredients based on the commodity used. Since the developed product was designed as anti-diabetic products, the main commodity was Jerusalem artichoke, which has a wide range of native physiologically functional ingredients, such as inulin. Inulin has long been used for treatment and prevention of diabetes. The second component was pumpkin. Pumpkin is characterized by functional orientation due to significant amount of B-carotene (up to 26 mg/100 g), which has antioxidant activity. In addition, since apples contain organic acids (0.5-1%), which provide necessary acid balance in the body and give a harmonious taste, this fruit was also selected.

The main limiting factors for consistently high yields of grain crops in the dryland areas of Uzbekistan is a moisture deficit in the soil during the whole vegetation period, and heat and drought during the grain filling. Today, a pressing challenge is the selection of durum wheat varieties with a short earing phase - full ripeness and resistance to heat, drought, diseases and lodging. The study was conducted on durum wheat varieties at the Laboratory of Selection and Seed Production of Durum Wheat in Dryland Areas in the Gallaaral Scientific and Experimental Station of Research Institute of Grain and Legume. The study of drought tolerance and thermal resistance of durum wheat was conducted in accordance with VIR techniques. The paper presents 3-year results of the study of coagulation temperature of water-soluble proteins and content of total water in the leaves of durum wheat in the dryland area. As a result, three varieties of durum wheat with high rates of drought tolerance and thermal resistance in the dryland areas were selected.

One of the conditions of cultivating of qualitative and suitable for industrial processing potato is use for landing of promising and recommended by Dagestani research university potato grades which past practical approval in the region, as productivity and quality, along with other factors, depends to a large extent on grade selected for landing. Agroclimatic conditions of mountain Dagestan province are quite acceptable for potato cultivation, are characterised by significal diversity on composition and fertility of soils, uniformity of distribution of precipitation in the period of vegetation, the amount of effective temperatures and other factors. These factors are significant to define how much potato will use bioclimatic potential. The article presents results of researches of potato grades, suitable for industrial processing, in the conditions of high-level province of the Republic Dagestan. Work was performed in 2016-2017 in the department of vegetable growing and potato growing on mountain proving ground “Kurakhskij” of Research university of Dagestani scientific research institute of agriculture located on farmer's facilities “Zul” МО “Kurakhskij area” at a height more than 2000 m above the level of world ocean. As a result of conducted researches it is installed that by high productivity and good biochemical ratings on the content of dry substance and farina were allocated next grades: VNIIKH 2012.4665/35, Veras, Dezire, Foothill, Dandy and Red Skarlett. These grades on productivity surpassed a control grade Volzhanin by 119189%, the content of dry substance accounted is 21,2-26,4%, farina - 16,0-21,6%.

The program for the resumption of production of alfalfa seeds in the Chechen Republic involves the move towards improved varietal technologies that promote resource conservation and increase seed yields. The present research was conducted to provide scientific basis for ecological, biological and technological features of alfalfa cultivation for seed production. The study revealed the dependence of yields on variety identity, rates and methods of sowing. Alfalfa in the first and second year of life is characterized by an increase in the plant height and narrowing of row spacing from 60 to 30 cm (about 6 cm). Feya variety was characterized by the emergence of generative shoots in the amount of 70-150 pcs./m². It indicates the genetic potential of the variety and its ability to give high seed yields in the first year of life. The best result in the first year of vegetation was obtained with a seeding rate of 2 kg/ha. The highest yield (2.1 c/ha) was recorded in the option with a 60 cm row spacing, this result was twice as high as the results in the other options. It confirms the views of many researchers, that thin plant stand increases feeding areas, improves lighting and creates more favorable conditions for pollination of flowering alfalfa, forms more generative stems of the first and second orders with a large number of flowering trusses. The yields obtained from alfalfa in the second year of life was 1.7-3.5 c/ha. The highest yield was recorded in Bagira variety with a 60 cm row spacing (3.5 c/ha). Bazhena variety took the second place, its yield was 0.3 c/ha lower than that specified above. The productivity of crops with a 45 cm row spacing was lower, but at the same time, these crops showed rather stable yields of 2.4-2.7 c/ha.

The development of system for application of optimal doses of mineral fertilizers is very important for highly efficient industrial cultivation of intensive apple varieties. In this regard, this paper presents the results of the study of the impact of different doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the quality and storability of apples. The experiments were conducted on 9-year old Renet Simirenko on MM 106 stocks in accordance with the technique applied in horticulture. The study was conducted at NPF “Sady Chechny”. The results of the study revealed that the application of 180 kg of nitrogen in combination of the same doses of phosphorus and potassium to Chernozem medium-loamy soils with underlying gravel promotes high yields, increases quality and storability of the variety.

Currently, a significant part of arable lands of Khakassia (59%) is in the fallow state, and the overutilized lands are depleted, or subjected to deflation and erosion. For a more accurate assessment of the productivity of fallow lands for their development, it is necessary to calculate the normative yield (Un) on the basis of climatic indicators and modern soil quality. The research was carried out on fallow lands (preserved arable lands, 1996-1998) in different geographical areas of the Chernozem zone in Khakassia, at latitudes of 52.7 to 54.6. The bioclimatic potential was established: the coefficient of continentality of the climate varies from hard to extremely continental (193-226), the moisture ratio according to N.N. Ivanov in the forest steppe is not enough moistened (1.01-0.98), in the true steppe - arid (0.67-0.85). The Agro-climatic potential (AP) of the Chernozem zone in the Republic varies from 4.1 to 5.9, and on average 2 times lower than the base value (AP 10). According to the bioclimatic indicators (AP and Un), there are three different areas in the Republic: 1) forest steppe (AP - 5.6 and Un - 2.2-3.1 t/ha); 2) foothill steppe of Western Sayan (4.9 and 2.2-2.5 t/ha); foothill steppe of Kuznetsk Alatau and Altai central steppe (AP - 4,1 and Un - 0,9,1,8 t/ha). The quality of the soils degrades in the following order: foothill-steppe of Western Sayan and low-hill terrain steppe of Batenevsky Ridge > true foothill steppe of Western Sayan > foothill steppe of Kuznetsk Alatau > true foothill steppe of Kuznetsk Alatau > true steppe of the Central part of the Republic (Altaysky District). Thus, sustainable production of grain crops is possible in the first two agro-climatic regions. Chernozem developed from aeolian deposits and averagely salted with low bioclimatic potential (AP - 4.1; Un - 1.1 t/ha) is limited arable land for the development. The use of arable lands for the production of feed with a high proportion of perennial grasses is possible only after soil-protective and meliorative activities.

About 2.3 million areas under cultivation are irrigated by the flow of Amudarya, which is one of the largest rivers in Central Asia. The river flows mainly in easily eroded soils. The paper is devoted to the establishment of functional relationships between morphometric parameters of the streambed and hydraulic parameters of the flow. The dynamics of the Chezy's velocity factor, hydraulic resistance, Chizy discharge coefficient in conjunction with hydrodynamic flow characteristic were established. The study revealed that measured and calculated values of the average flow rate add up, the dynamics of calculated and measured velocities depending on the flow rate was 0.20 m/s to 0.11 m/s, after the change of Chezy's velocity factor - 17.56 to 11.45 m 0.5/s. It was established that the integral characteristic of hydraulic resistance - Chizy discharge coefficient, for all years rapidly decreased with increasing water flow of up to 500 m³/s, and with a further increase in the water flow rate from 500 m³/s, Chizy discharge coefficient slowed down. At a flow rate up to 500 m³/s the Chizy discharge coefficient decreased from 0.24 to 0.01, i.e. 24 times lower. This was the maximum reduction that was set.

The article examines the interrelation of soil hardness, width, depth of tillage and resistivity of cultivator instruments. The minimum working width and maximum allowable working width are determined under preclusion conditions of blocking working elements with plant residues. The variable width is necessary for ensuring the minimum resistivity of the instrument in accordance with agrotechnical requirements to cultivation and for improving the efficiency of cultivator machine. A nomogram was obtained on the basis of the calculations specified. The nomogram is served to set graphically the working width of the cultivator for a given depth of tillage at different speeds and in different types of soils. The nomogram for the determination of working width of the cultivator machine shows that the longitudinal hardness is 1.05 MPa at the depth of tillage of 7.5 cm. The resistivity of the cultivator machine is 2.4 kN/m. The developed nomogram for the determination of working width of the cultivator machine shows that in the recommended range of cultivation depth from 6-14 cm the width rates varies from 2.4 to 4.8 m at the speed rates of 5-12 km/h.

The article presents the results of the study of the method for condensation of atmospheric vaporous soil moisture. The method is aimed at improving fertility of soils, which are highly prone to desertification. For soil aeration we have developed a working tool of mole plough, which has no analogues (A.S. № 1656064). It consists of a horizontal knife in the form of parting wings. An 80 mm mole expander is located in the center of the knife, 60 mm mole expanders are located at the ends of the tool. The working tool of the mole plough is attached tightly (by welding) to the vertical knife of the mole plough. The mole plough is hung on a heavy crawler tractor. The working tool of the mole plough forms many molehills at a specified depth in the soil after a single operation and many cracks in the soil profile of vertical and horizontal directions. Due to the regular changes in atmospheric pressure in the desert, atmospheric air is constantly circulates in the molehills and cracks. Due to the difference in the temperature of “soil-atmosphere” system, atmospheric vaporous moisture condenses in the molehills and cracks of soil profile. Aeration of soils, which are prone to desertification, with the developed working tool of mole plough increases condensation of vaporous moisture by more than 23 mm/ha daily in a meter layer of soil profile during the hot season, improves biological productivity by 1.5-2 times or more. It increases the number of livestock per unit area, which ensures food security of populations in deserts.

The article examines the issues on the introduction low-intensity irrigation systems. It is justified in terms of their efficiency under conditions of mountain farming in Azerbaijan. The author reveals that the advantage of the low intensive irrigation technology is in fact that even the minimum amount of moisture in the entire irrigated area creates a microclimate for more intensive development of crops, therefore, significantly increases the yields of different crops, improves water distribution, ensures its homogenous distribution, etc.

The mathematical model of air separation of sunflower seeds in the horizontal air flow was given. The system of differential equations that take into account lateral forces and resistance of seeds in the air stream was obtained. The behavior of sunflower seeds, impurities and dust particles on the seed surface at different input and control parameters of air separation was simulated. The developed mathematical model and established geometric and aerodynamic parameters of single seeds allow replacing the classical forms of a ball or cylinder with real asymmetric forms of sunflower seeds. The results of numerous studies of the mathematical model lead to the improvement of following parameters: the length of aspiration channel, the height of the upper and lower parts of the aspiration channel and technological modes: the angle and speed of seed ejection and air flow rate.

The article presents three hierarchical-structural levels of land resources management on the example of the Lankaran lowland. Management at the macrostructural level - distribution and management of soil resources by category (lands for agriculture, settlements, forests, water and reserve fund, industry, transport, communication, protection, specially protected areas, etc.); management at the mesostructural level-placement and management of farmlands (arable lands, perennial plantings, fallow, hayfields, pastures); management at the microstructural level - distribution of crops or vegetative groups and implementation of management of proper activities. The following activities on the management of land resources in Lankaran lowland were proposed: lands of specially protected areas - preservation of the regime and extenuation of areas at the expense of forests; lands of forest fund - change of the regime and conversion to the specially protected areas; lands of housing estates - reduction of individual constructions to 2-3 ar, prevention of large-scale expansion of residential areas and universal compliance with approved architectural and urban development projects, allocation of special places for the construction of high-rise buildings; industries, transport, communication and others - allocation of lands unsuitable for agriculture; reserve fund of lands - use of suitable lands remaining in state and municipal ownership; water fund lands -prevention of alienation of lands for hydraulic structures, organization of rational use of water resources and transition to rainwater and drip irrigation.

The purpose of the research was to study the structure and peculiarities of using the CSAL electronic information resources on agrarian subjects. The modern users of the CSAL electronic information resource - the database (BD) “AGROS” and methods for studying them were identified. Statistical reports to carry out an analysis were formed on the basis of an own (CSAL) development. The development involved the technologies Microsoft IIS, Active Server Pages and SQL Server. The information requirements of users were studied, the structure and dynamics of their retrievals in the BD “AGROS” were revealed. A user request to the BD “AGROS” is defined as the main indicator of the demand for the electronic information resource. The monitoring study has been carried out on the basis of requests of 55 thousand users enquired with the BD “AGROS” in the period of 2015-2017. The main group of users - the Internet users (95.7%) has been revealed. Based on 639 thousand requests it has been found out that the users prefer working with the BD “AGROS” in a distal mode (85% of all requests). Requests from the CSAL home page through the search engine box were 37%. More than 1.1 million documents have been selected for revision. Articles of collections of research papers and serials are most highly sought (38.2%), books occupy 22.5%. Among the reviewed documents 11% have abstracts and their share is growing. Most of selected documents with abstracts are research reports (48.9%) and articles (33.2%). The selected documents are mainly viewed in a distal mode (77%). It has been found that a modern user of the BD “AGROS” is an individual who prefers to work with electronic resources remotely, has skills of self-guided work for searching information in the web electronic resources, when choosing information gives pride of place to articles of collections of research papers and serials. The conclusion is made that the obtained statistics allow evaluating the creation the BD “AGRIS” as a promising area for satisfying information requirements of the CSAL users.