The use of the drug Activiton for the prevention of postpartum complications and ketosis at a dose of 25 ml per head for 5 days 1 time per day on fresh cows 3–4 years of age contributed to a decrease  in the number of ketone bodies in the body of animals, which influenced the decrease  in the number of ketosis cases in the experimental group . A highly effective vitamin-amino acid complex, as well as the presence of organic phosphorus-butophosphamide, contributed to a better and faster recovery of the animal's body after calving, which influenced the reduction of postpartum complications in the group of experimental animals.

Relevance and methods. The probiotic properties of three strains of bacteria – typical representatives of lactobacilli – have been studied.

Results. As a result, it was revealed that all strains of lactobacilli are resistant to acid and bile, «resistant» to the action of therapeutic doses of antibiotics, and also exhibit high antagonistic properties in relation to E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and S. aureus ATCC 25923. At the same time, Lactobacillus intermedius was the leader in active acid formation, Lactobacillus salivarius was distinguished by an average level of adhesive activity and high anti-adhesive properties. In addition, the selected strains of lactobacilli are safe to use. Convinced of the effectiveness of the selected strains of lactobacilli, we have developed a technological process for the production of probiotic supplements Gallobact-F, which includes several stages.

Hybridization between individuals of different species and subspecies  plays an important role in evolutionary processes.  In natural conditions, hybridization is observed in 10% of animal species. Hybridization acts as a source of genetic variability, and also allows us to establish some patterns of inheritance and clarify the phylogenetic origin of animals. The purpose of this review is to search for information about the hybridization of domestic goats with wild ones and the possibilities of its rational use. Analysis of the literature data showed the presence  of traces of hybridization between domestic goats and chamois, domestic goats and ibex, domestic goats and tours. In some cases,  hybridization leads to the manifestation of the effect of heterosis, hybrids have an increase in live weight and size compared to the original forms. In other cases,  hybridization can lead to a weakening of resistance to parasites and diseases, malformations. Thus, hybridization of domestic and wild species  can be used for breeding new breeds and lines of animals, allows to increase endurance and adaptive abilities, but should be used with caution, in order to avoid getting hybrid individuals into the nature. 

Relevance.  In the Republic of Kazakhstan, mainly 4 breeds of dairy cattle are bred: Holstein black-motley, Black-motley, Simmental and Alatau. The article reflects the results of studies that give reason to conduct effective breeding to provide the breeding stock with seed of bulls producing their own reproduction. Calculations showed that for this it is necessary to receive at least 265 repair bullcalves annually, of which 17 should be the fathers of the future generation. The rationale for the minimum requirements for the mothers of future bulls is given. Effective schemes for assessing repair bull-calves on the quality of offspring and a removal procedure using information technology are proposed.

Methodology. Scientific research was carried out according to generally accepted, zootechnical methods, using statistical models in Excel.

Results. As a result of scientific research, it was found that to ensure the breeding of the uterine livestock of 4 main breeds of the Kazakhstan population; at least 17 improvement bulls are required annually. For this purpose, a schematic diagram of the reproduction of dairy cattle was developed. From the obtained materials of the information-analytical system, scientifically-based productivity parameters for bull-producing groups of cows were calculated. A scheme has been developed for removing bulls from an assessment of the quality of offspring using information technology. 

Relevance and methods. 35 bulls-producers of milking breeds  (holstein of black-and-white paint, holmogorskaya of Tatar type with flow of holstein blood, black-and-white) were inspected in the age 1,8–8 years old in the autumn season in conditions of Tatarstan Republic (Volga region, Povolzhye). The subject of the work is to research the concentration of endogenous hormones (testosterone, estradiol, thyroxin) and their precursor — cholesterol in the blood serum in the day of semen collection and their intercommunication reproductive function.

The Concept for the development of productive and pedigree camel breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021–2030 has been developed. The main goal is the development of camel breeding, the revival of social infrastructure in the countryside  by increasing the volume of production of high-quality dairy products, camel meat, wool, and leather raw materials, ensuring minimum consumption rates. The main task of domestic productive and pedigree  camel breeding is the production of high-quality, environmentally friendly industry products. It has been established that the largest amount of camel meat is produced in the traditional regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Aktobe, Atyrau, Kyzylorda, Mangistau and Turkestan. In live weight, camels were produced in the Aktobe region 1603.3–1709.7 tons, Atyrau — 3963.4–3381.3 tons, Kyzylorda — 1313.4–1336.7 tons, Mangistau — 2196.2–3048.3 tons and Turkestan regions — 1690.3–1754.2 tons. In slaughter weight, camel meat was produced in the Aktobe region — 856.9–915.7 tons, Atyrau region — 2046.5–1752.6 tons, Kyzylorda — 684.6–695.5 tons, Mangystau — 1168.4–1615.7 tons and Turkestan — 899.1–927.5 tons. Kazakhstan has all the prerequisites for sustainable development of productive and pedigree camel breeding until 2030.

Relevance and methods. The article presents the results of a study of the meat productivity of rams aged 4.5 months. and wool productivity of bright-year-olds obtained from the selection of queens of akzhaik meat-wool sheep with producers of akzhaik, north caucasian and kuibyshev breeds.

Results. A study of the meat and wool productivity of young animals obtained from different options for the selection of parental pairs showed the influence of sheep-producers on improving meat qualities and increasing wool cuts. The carcasses  of all the rams were well formed and characterized  the sheep of the meatwool direction of productivity with the best slaughter rates from the producers of the kuibyshev breed. The best indicators of wool productivity were offspring of north caucasian sheep. In general, bright-year-old wool was typical of crossbred, with fine fineness and overall staple equalization. According to its physical and technical properties, it meets the requirements of the textile industry for normal homogeneous semi-fine wool.

The most important task for increasing of the safety and productivity of farm animals is the creation of a feed base, balanced in terms of basic nutrients, micro and macro elements. Lack or excess of vitamins, macroand microelements in the diet is the main reason of the decrease  in of use of nutrients in the diet, the decrease in productivity and fertility of farm animals, as well as the appearance of various diseases.  Microand macroelements in the animal body are part of vital compounds, participate in the processes of synthesis and decay, absorption and excretion of substances, have a direct effect on the activity of enzymes, hormones and vitamins,  maintain a certain osmotic pressure in body fluids. A deficiency or excess of micro and macro elements can not only affect the productivity of animals, but also cause diseases. The article has collected material on the metabolism of cattle over the past ten years. Methоds and manners of the prevention of microand macroelements  of farm animals using natural sorbents of organic microelements are shown. 

Relevance. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the morphological composition of carcasses and the physicochemical parameters of domestic pig meat, Canadian and French breeding.

Methods. Control rearing of experimental young stock and slaughter of pigs was carried out at JSC "Smolmyaso" Smolensk region, LLC "Myasokombinat Stupinsky", LLC SPK "Mashkino" Moscow  region. during 2007-2017. For the research and production experiment, three experimental groups with 3 subgroups of pigs were formed. In the first group there were pigs from the parents of domestic selection,  in the second  imported from Canada, in the third from  France. Young pigs were fed according to the norms and rations for feeding farm animals.

Results. The experimental data showed that the carcasses  of pigs of young Canadian and French breeds were characterized by high meat qualities. The highest yield of muscle tissue among the commercial (three-breed) in the carcasses  of young pigs was obtained from animals of French selection 61.0%, which is 3.1 and 0.2% higher than animals from domestic and Canadian breeds, respectively. In the carcasses  of three-breed hybrid young pigs of the studied breeding, the highest content of adipose tissue was obtained from domestic breeding animals 29.6%, which is 1.4% and 2.1% higher than the Canadian and French breeding, respectively. No significant difference was found in the yield of bone tissue between the studied breeding pigs. 

Relevance. The study of the genetic diversity of linseed and the clear identification of cultivars of this crop is an important part of breeding work. DNA marking, including the use of microsatellite SSR markers, is considered to be the most effective method for analyzing genetic polymorphism and improving the efficiency of selection. The purpose of this work was to study the polymorphism of a number of modern cultivars of linseed and develop their genetic passport.

Materials and methods. The object of research was 22 varieties of oilseed flax included in the state register, of various breeding origin. The genetic analysis was performed by PCR using a line of 11 SSR markers developed and synthesized by “Syntol” LLC, with subsequent detection of products on a genetic analyzer.

Results. In the study sample, 46 alleles were identified. Each sample contained a unique set of alleles. The use of alphanumeric code for SSR markers allowed the formation of genetic passports for each studied cultivar. This will allow accurate genotyping of morphologically difficult to distinguish samples, which shows the possibility of certification of all flax cultivars included in the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation. Cluster analysis with the construction of a dendrogram of genetic similarity revealed differences in the studied samples. Cultivars of the studied samples were divided into three separate groups, two of which are characterized by origin and relationships between them, the third group of cultivars are the results of selection work using samples of different geographical origin.

Relevance. The current paper has presented the study results of the reaction of winter bread wheat genotypes to the hydrothermal conditions of cultivation according to the parameters of the structural and functional arrangement of flag leaf pigment complexes. The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the reaction of winter bread wheat genotypes to hydrothermal conditions of cultivation according to the parameters of the structural and functional arrangement of flag leaf pigment complexes. To develop a criteria system for assessing drought tolerance, it is important to study the quantitative change in the chlorophyll pigment of winter bread wheat varieties.

Material and methods. The objects of the study were 12 varieties and lines of winter bread wheat developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The estimation of the state of the pigment complex of flag leaves was conducted during the period of winter bread wheat flowering. The content of chlorophyll pigment was determined by I.G. Shmatko’s method (1976). The varieties’ testing on drought tolerance in the conditions of model drought (zasushnik) was carried out by V.V. Maimistov’s method (1988).

Results. The study of the reaction of the pigment complex of winter bread wheat samples to various moisture degrees allowed identifying genotypes with high adaptability in stressful conditions. Large productivity of the varieties, content of chlorophyll pigment a and the sum of chlorophyll a + b under conditions of insufficient moisture supply were identified in the samples ‘Zodiak’, ‘586/13’, ‘595/13’, ‘Asket’, whose indicators were 182.4 g/m2, 179.1 g/m2, 173.7 g/m², 168.6 g/m²; 2.49, 2.27, 2.35, 2.22 mg/100 g of wet weight; 2.80, 2.83, 2.87, 2.70 mg/100 g of wet weight, respectively.

Relevance and methodology. Research was carried out in 2018-2019 in the Moscow region at VNIIO-branch of the Federal state budgetary INSTITUTION FNTSO on the culture of vegetable peas Pisum sativum L. As a result of the assessment of the phytosanitary condition of the collection of pea varieties, it was revealed that the dominant pathogens of both seeds and parts of vegetating plants examined in the field were fungi of the genera Alternaria and Fusarium with a prevalence of 45-65% of colonies isolated in vitro. Using the method of isolation of fungal pathogens from the surface of seeds and seedlings, four isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium were obtained in pure culture. Five more isolates of Fusarium fungi that cause root rot and withering of plants during the bean formation phase were isolated using the method of isolating a population of pathogens from the organs of vegetating plants.

Results. According to cultural and morphological features, four Fusarium isolates were identified as belonging to the species F. oxysporum. Using the method of determining the aggressiveness of isolated isolates on a sandy substrate in vegetation tanks, the most aggressive isolate No. 3 was identified, which will be used in further work on creating an artificial infectious background for the selection of Fusarium-resistant breeding forms of peas. The authors have compiled an up-to-date map of the prevalence and zones of harmfulness in Russia of pea fusariosis, which causes root rot and tracheomycosis wilting.

Relevance. In the conditions of the Ryazan region, a significant part of the soil cover has not quite favorable properties (high equilibrium density and low water resistance), so the choice of the optimal cultivation system for a certain type of soil is one of the main conditions for increasing fertility, as well as a guarantee of obtaining high yields of cultivated crops.

Material and methods. The article presents the results of studies for three crop rotation rotations (1992-2017) to study the effect of soil cultivation systems on the agrophysical properties of podzolized chernozem (degraded) and crop productivity in the conditions of the south of the Central Non-Black Earth Region using generally accepted agricultural techniques for this zone. The duration of the studies made it possible to cover periods different in meteorological conditions.

Results. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of five options for mechanical tillage systems has been carried out, the use of which contributes to the softening of the soil and increase its porosity to 51.9-53.9% compared with the initial rate of 48.3-48.7%. The number of water-resistant units increased by 17.2-19.8% compared with the initial data. Over the years of the experiment, the ability of the soil to retain moisture has increased, the lowest moisture capacity, which has increased from 26.1% to 32.0% during three rotation of the crop rotation. The productivity of cultivated crops was determined, which, depending on the applied treatment systems, increased by 10.2-22.7%. The strengths and weaknesses of each of the five main soil tillage systems presented were identified and energy efficiency coefficients (CEE) were calculated.

Relevance. In recent years, much attention has been paid development of the use of new types of highly effective environmentally friendly organic fertilizers.

Methods and results. The results of monitoring the productivity of grain-grass crop rotation in various natural conditions are shown. The research was carried out in 2013-2019 at the agroecological polygon of All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands, within the transect that intersects all the main micro-landscape positions of the course-moraine ridge. In a field where 12 tons of multipurpose compost were once added to the soil for spring wheat, the yield of seven crops of grain-grass crop rotation was determined in various natural conditions of the drained agricultural landscape. Changes in the agro-climatic environment during the research were also taken into account. It was found that the introduction of multipurpose compost and its aftereffect contributes to an increase in the productivity of crop rotation by an average of 0.65 t/ha. Under its influence, crop rotation productivity increased in the central and upper parts of the southern slope, as well as on the top of the moraine hill. The maximum increase from the introduction of multipurpose compost was observed on spring rape and perennial grasses 1 and 3 g. p. In General, the increase in crop productivity was observed only within the southern slope. There is a close correlation between economic indicators and productivity of crop turnover - with the cost of production r = 0.89, with conditional net income r = 0.83, with the availability and level of profitability r = 0.82, and with direct costs slightly weaker than r = 0.71. Using new knowledge about the impact of non-traditional fertilizers in various landscape conditions on the productivity of various crops, it is possible to develop measures for adaptive placement of crops within farms when using

Relevance. In Russia at the moment, the technology of bio-processing of organic residues is not widespread and is very relevant and can serve as an excellent example of using the opportunities of nature. The product of the life activity of fly larvae is a loose, fine-grained mass with a particle size of 1-3 mm, brown in color, with a faint smell of ammonia. The main nutrients are found in it in the form of various compounds with organic acids. Tocompose contains all the necessary for plants macro- and microelements, and also the nutrient calcium, magnesium and iron. The analyzed samples of zoo compost for a number of indicators corresponds to GOST 33830-2016 organic Fertilizers based on animal waste. Technical conditions.

Results. Laboratory experiment on growing cress "Spring", showed an increase in yield relative to the control from 107 to 154 g/m².

Relevance and methods. The study included 32 local (materials from the “Grain and Grain and Bean Crops” department of the Institute of Genetic Resources of ANAS) and 25 CIMMYT (International Center for Corn and Wheat Improvement).In total, 57 (Triticum aestivum L.) soft wheat varieties which belong to autumn were irrigated under field conditions and the amount of chlorophyll in leaves under drought conditions was based on the Inada method (Inada, 1965. Minolta, 1989).The effects of stress factors on physiological processes, especially drought on chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b depression, were investigated using SPAD 502 Plus (Spectrum Technologies, USA) in the condition laborotory.At the same time, the amount and a / b ratio of chlorophyll (a + b) were calculated and diagnostic methods were evaluated for the drought tolerance stress of the samples.

Results. As a result of the study, 21 wheat samples from 57 wheat samples in the field condition (16 local, 5 introduced), and 25 samples in laboratory conditions (13 indigenous, 12 introduced)were shown drought tolerance. Generally,there have been observed an increase in the amount of chlorophyll while study amount of chlorophyll on the sail leaves of the wheat plant with SPAD meter in laboratory conditions13 genotypes showing drought tolerance. These examples are Birlik (AZE), Durdane (AZE), Mirbashir 128 (AZE), Taraqqi (AZE), Akinchi 84 (AZE), Giymetli 2/17 (AZE), Sheki 1 (AZE), Murov 2 (AZE), Gobustan. (AZE), MV06-02 (HU-MV), TX96V2847 (US-TX), Sonmez (TR-ESK), SG-S1915 (CZ) selected for their resistance to drought stress and from these samples in the selection work on the continuity and they are also recommended to use as a starting material.

The article deals with the study of the damage caused by powdery mildew to the productivity and quality of wheat. In recent years, the development of various fungal diseases in wheat has increased, depending on favorable conditions. This has a serious impact on the decline in productivity and quality. At present, in most grain-growing regions of the country, powdery mildew continues to increase its aria. Numerous studies have shown that the degree of damage caused by powdery mildew during the growing season to the productivity of wheat samples depends on the stage at which it begins to develop and the level of infection. The research was conducted at the Absheron SEB of Research Institute of Crop Husbandry and three local regionized bread wheat varieties — Nurlu-99, Mirbashir-128, Murov and one introduced Morocco variety susceptible to fungal diseases were used as the object of research in order to study the damage caused by powdery mildew to productivity. Morocco variety 9 (95%), Nurlu-99 variety 7 (50%), Mirbashir-128 variety 8 (85%) and Murov variety were infected with 8 points (70), which led to a decrease in productivity. The experiments were performed in treated and infected variants, in 1 m² in 4 replication. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the Moroccan variety was infected more quickly with powdery mildew, in the tillering stage, Nurlu-99 variety at the end of the heading stage, Mirbashir-128 variety in the booting stage, and Murov variety at the beginning of the heading stage. Powdey Mildew disease has reduced the productivity of the studied varieties, affecting the mass and quality of 1000 kernel weight. As a result of severe infection, crop losses were 31-35%.

Relevance. One way to increase the productivity and quality of potatoes is to use biological products. They have the ability to influence the immune potential of plants, disease resistance, which in turn affects the yield and quality of tubers.

Methods. We have studied the effect of two biological preparations Flavobacterin and Mizorin, as well as their combined effect on the growth and development of potato plants.

Results. Treatment with biological products at different stages of development increased the rate of development of potato plants during seedlings by 10-20%, but in the phase of budding and flowering, these differences were smoothed out. The highest yield increase of 1.3 t/ha was noted in the variant with joint processing (Flavobacterin + Mizorin), where the yield was 17.8 t/ha. The quality indicators of tubers treated with drugs did not have a significant impact, however, they significantly affected the prevalence of diseases. So, pre-planting treatment of potato tubers and treatment of potato plants during the growing season with biological preparations increases disease resistance during storage: mushroom from 0.7 to 4.0%. The safety share of healthy potato tubers was 80-95%, and 75% without treatment.

The article is dedicated to the outstanding scientist-agrarian economist, academician VASKHNIL G.M. Lohse, who made a great contribution to the development of the agricultural economy of our country. His role and activities in the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev and in the department of economics and organization of agricultural production VASKHNIL.

The danger of spontaneous formation of new highly pathogenic and virulent mutants and serovariants in nature and as a result of constant mutations of the avian, swine and human influenza viruses, clinical signs of influenza, pathogenesis, pathoanatomical changes, ways of prevention and the role of migratory birds in the spread of the disease in Azerbaijan, migrating depending on the season. Migration of migratory birds from north to south and back, depending on the season, with passage through the territory of our republic and sometimes remaining wintering, indicates the danger of introduction of disease to us from those countries at any time.