Under conditions of egg and poultry farming noninfectious diseases are widespread and cause significant economic damage. These diseases can be caused by a variety of etiological factors: the deficiency of the necessary chemical elements, substances or their combination, excessive amount of certain classes of organic substances in feed. Diseases of complex etiology are also recorded, which arise from a combination of unfavorable factors and anatomical and physiological properties of individual bird crosses. Under the influence of unfavorable factors in various organ systems, pathological processes of various nature (dystrophic, necrotic, inflammatory) arise. In this case, the symptoms and pathological changes can be either similar or poorly visible macroscopically. In this regard, the results of histological examination of organs and tissues play an important role in making a presumptive diagnosis. The article introduces the original results of researches on pathomorphological diagnosis of the most widespread diseases in industrial poultry farming of noninfectious etiology: chronic feed borne toxicoses (including mycotoxicoses), hypovitaminosis A, hyposelenosis, amyloidosis, necrosis of the femoral head. The results of examination of spontaneous material stuff. The findings are formulated in the form of histological diagnoses. The attention is focused on the main (pathognomonical) signs of a great value for differential diagnostics of this group of diseases. Various variants of pathomorphological course of the diseases running both in a classical way, and in the form of a pathomorphosis (the variated pathoanatomical and histological lesions against application of vaccines and antibiotics) are considered.

The analysis of the results of epizootic investigations carried out in the foci of foot and mouth disease and data from the study of the role of meat, meat products, meat processing waste and non-neutralized kitchen waste in the spread of the foot and mouth disease virus in a number of European countries (England, Belgium, Greece, Italy, Germany and Switzerland), the Soviet Union (Kyrgyz SSR, Latvian SSR, Magadan, Sakhalin, Leningrad and Kamchatka regions), Russian Federation (1995). Outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in Mongolia in February - March were caused by the transport of susceptible animals infected with foot and mouth disease virus and their slaughter products on the eve of the religious New Year holiday [1, 10]. Recently, the Russian Federation is free from foot and mouth disease. However, cases of the introduction of the FMD virus from neighboring countries unfavorable for this infection are recorded [8]. The greatest danger is posed by meat obtained from the slaughter of animals during the incubation period, as well as from vaccinated cattle infected with the FMD virus [2830]. The article presents the results of the indication of the FMD virus in samples from different organs and tissues infected with the FMD virus of animals. Information about the modes of disinfection of meat and meat products is presented.

Relevance. This article shows the influence of the same doses of natural mineral supplements "Stimul" and smectite trepel, their positive impact on increasing productivity, as well as changes in the hematological parameters of the blood of lactating cows.

Results. Feeding natural zeolites provided the need for biologically active substances and improvement of individual indicators of dairy products.The mass fraction of fat in the 1st experimental group was 0.1% higher, and the amount of protein was in the range of 2.9–3.1%. At the same time, it should be noted that the most stimulating effect on mineral metabolism in the body of lactating cows with the same composition of rations was better used in the mineral part of the diet was better used, which included 3.0% smekty trepel from dry matter.

There are many proteases, and about 2% of the human genome is involved in the regulation of their formation. The share of proteases involved in digestion accounts for only a small part. Despite this, the mechanisms of action of digestive proteases are less studied than carbohydrases and lipases. The incorporation of exogenous proteases into young animal feeds is often accompanied by improved utilization of protein and other nutrients. Exogenous proteases degrade inhibitors of the endogenous protease and lectins in feed. Alkaline proteases are of interest due to their broader substrate specificity and activity throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. This group includes keratinases, which digest proteins inaccessible for cleavage by proteases and peptidases of animals. Keratinases digest agglutinins, glycinin and b-conglycinin and connective tissue proteins, which are resistant to the action of gastrointestinal enzymes and a number of exogenous proteases. The alleged reasons for the inconsistent results when using feed proteases are described. Their mediated positive effects not associated with proteolysis are indicated. It is advisable to use proteases with keratinolytic activity as fodder proteases.

Relevance and methodology. Milk production is effective for producers only in case of high productivity of the farmed livestock. In the prime cost of raw milk, feed costs account for over 60%, in connection with which the main task of modern science is the development of additives and preparations that can improve the use of feed by animals, which will ensure an increase in livestock productivity. The research team of OOO Biotrof has created an experimental preparation "Rumit" — a complex of live bacteria based on cultured strains of cellulolytic bacteria of deer rumen. The effectiveness of the enzymeprobiotic supplement was studied in the breeding farms of the SKHPK collective farm "Peredovoy" and JSC "Plemzavod Rodina" of the Vologda region on lactating cows with a productivity of over 8000 kg of milk per lactation. To conduct the experiment by the method of balanced groups for a complex of economically useful traits and genetic potential, a control and experimental group of 10–12 animals each were formed. Experienced groups were fed with the drug "Rumit" 50 g per head per day during the day.

Results. For 90 days of the experiment, the total density of ciliates in the contents of the rumen of the experimental groups increased by 155.9–173.0 thousand ops / ml, and the significant difference with the control was 13.5.9–171.7 thousand ops / ml. The emergence of new genera of ciliates was noted: in the agricultural production complex the collective farm "Peredovoy" — Epidinium, in the JSC "Plemzavod Rodina" — Isotricha and Ophryoscolex. The increase in the average daily milk yield in the experimental groups was from 6.3 to 9.0% in the context of enterprises, an increase in the fat content in milk by 0.05–0.07% and protein by 0.03–0.07% was noted. As a result, in the SKHPK collective farm "Peredovoy" in the experimental group, 283 kg of milk of basic fat content were additionally obtained, and in JSC Plemzavod Rodina — 112 kg. In terms of per day from one head, it is possible to receive additional profit when feeding "Rumit" in the amount of 24.50 rubles. up to 120.15 rubles.

Relevance and research material. The study of the characteristics of the nucleolus in cells of various tissues allows us to assess the intensity of the processes of protein proliferation and biosynthesis in animals. In interphase cells, the nucleoli correspond to argyrophilic zones (AgNOR) stained with silver nitric acid. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of AgNOR in sheep interphase lymphocytes of different genotypes based on computer analysis and to select parameters for functional evaluation of nucleoli. AgNOR status was studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes from hybrid sheep four genotypes: purebred Romanov sheep, and their F1 hybrids with argali (groups 1 and 2), hybrids, bearing 3/4 of Romanov sheep blood and 1/4 blood argali (group 3), and hybrids that had 7/8 of domestic sheep and 1/8 blood argali (group 4). The number of argyrophilic zones (AgNOR), their total area (SSNOR), their average color density (DNOR), and the average color density of the core (DN) and its AgNOR-free area (DF) were taken into account.

Results. Image processing and analysis were performed using the Image Scope 1.0 program. The average AgNOR value in the studied groups of sheep ranges from 2.64 (group 1) to 3.50 in hybrids in groups 2 and 3. There were no significant differences in the value of SSNOR between the groups. In terms of DN and DF, all hybrids were significantly inferior to purebred sheep (р < 0.001). In terms of DNOR, the sheep of group 2 were significantly inferior to the animals of the other groups (р < 0.001). When evaluating the state of the nucleolus-forming system, it is advisable to take into account the AgNOR number, as well as the average optical densities DN and DF.

Relevance. The combined method of the main tillage, using certain methods of influence on the cultivated layer, forms a certain soil density. During the growing season of corn for grain, this indicator changes depending on the seasonal soil moisture and the intensity of the development of the root system of the plant, which is ultimately related to the yield of the crop. Material and method. The objects of research are two systems of basic tillage for corn for grain according to the predecessor winter wheat in the zone of unstable moisture of the Stavropol Territory using a dump and a combined method of basic tillage with elements of Strip-till technology. Soil: southern calcareous chernozem, slightly humus. The functional dependence of soil density on the supply of productive moisture and the intensity of development of the root system of grain corn was established by the method of the theory of dimensions. The method of fractal geometry was used to determine the degree of filling the soil space with root systems of grain corn under various systems of basic tillage.

Results and Conclusions. It was found that the density of the soil is in direct functional dependence on the supply of productive moisture in the cultivated soil layer and the intensity of development of plant roots. The soil density during the seeding and flowering periods is higher by the Strip-till technology in comparison with the traditional one on average over the years by 0.02 g / cm³ and 0.03 g / cm³, respectively, and the moisture reserve in the spring period with Strip-till is 12 mm. The intensity of development of the root system according to the indicator D with the Strip-till system (1.58) by 0.31 units, more than with recommended processing (D = 1.27). The yield of corn for grain using the Strip-till technology is on average 0.22 t / g higher than with the recommended one, at a lower cost by 2395 rubles / ha.

Relevance. According our researches it was found that almost all models oftractors and self-propelled machines has created the maximum contact pressure ofthe movers on the soil above the permissible values. In such way, in view ofthe extreme topicality of the saving soil fertility during evaluating theagrotechnical indicators of a self-propelled selection seeder, it is necessary, first ofall, to make researches to determine the harmful effect of propellers on the soil.

Methods. Theoretical researches of determining the soil hardness and density werecarried out using the dependence of density on hardness. During the tests of theself-propelled selection seeder, soil moisture was measured at a depth of 3 inches (7.6 cm) and it was 20%. To measure soil moisture, It was used a digital device, itwas a universal moisture meter TK100. Samples were taken before and after eachpass of the self-propelled seeder with the front and rear wheels. Hardness wasmeasured for each sample.The Kachinskys method was used to measure soil density as the experimentalmethod. To take soil samples, a 100 cubic meter drill (steel cylinder) was used.Soil samples were taken according to the method described above. At the sametime, for each case, three samples were taken to exclude random deviations in soildensity indicators. In the laboratory, the samples were weighed on a VK 3000.1electronic balance with a measurement error of 0.1 grams.

Results. The soil density was determined by calculation and experimental methodsin three zones: before the seeder pass and after each its pass in the track behind thefront and rear wheels at a depth of 7.6 cm. The results obtained differ from eachother by a maximum of 6.2%.

Introduction. One of the urgent direction in winter wheat breeding is to improve its adaptability, enhance the ability of varieties to give maximum productivity under certain environmental conditions.

Methods. The objects of research were 290 samples of winter bread wheat of various ecological and geographical origin taken from the world collection of domestic and foreign selection. In order to estimate the adaptability parameters of the varieties according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ there have been selected 31 samples, in accordance with several economically valuable traits. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety.

Results. The study has resulted in the identification of the collection samples with different adaptive properties. The samples with b_i > 1 ‘Slavna’ (S_i² = 3.01), ‘Chornyava’ (S_i² = 5.64), ‘Etana’ (S_i² = 5.64) can be classified as the varieties of intensive type. The i samples with b_i < 1 ‘Ermak’ (b_i = 0.93), ‘L 19578’ (b_i = 0.42), ‘Simonida’ (b_i = 0.21) can be classified as the varieties of extensive type. The samples ‘Vinnichanka’ (b_i = -0.07), ‘Zlatka’ (b_i = -0.71), ‘Ling Xing 99’ (b_i = -0.26) and ‘Sailor’ (b_i = -1.22) were identified as adaptable and highly adapted. The samples ‘Vinnichanka’ (S_i² = 0.74), ‘EistanzueLo Benteveo’ (S_i² = 0.82), and ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (S_i² = 0.23) showed their stability of the trait ‘1000 grain weight’. The samples ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Hom = 12119.6), ‘Shestopalivka’ (Hom = 3703.3) and others were characterized by high homeostaticity. The maximum breeding value were identified in the varieties ‘Ling Xing 99’ (Sc = 47.4), ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Sc = 46.5), ‘Shestopalivka’ (Sc = 46.3), ‘EistanzueLo Benteveo’ (Sc = 46.3), ‘L 19578’ (Sc = 46.3) and ‘Akter’ (Sc = 45.0). The identified genotypes have been recommended to be used into crossings to develop highly productive varieties adapted to the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region.

Relevance and methods. The article presents the results of testing of promising hybrids in nurseries of competitive testing in the conditions of Central Yakutia for 2018–2019 (the characteristic of weather conditions is presented) 12 hybrids (six combinations) that were selected in previous breeding nurseries were tested. All studied hybrids belong to the group of early maturing (55–70 days): 216 (Country × 128-6), 239-1, 239-2, 2393 (Ladozhsky × Rosalind), 233, 233-2 (Slavyanka × Rosalind), 237, 237-1 (Northern × Dubrava), 232 (Aurora × Bonus), 234 (Scarlet Sail × Victoria).

Results. Evaluation of hybrids showed that the studied hybrids, according to economically valuable traits, correspond to the model of the variety: high yield, early maturing have good biochemical indicators, and in appearance of the tubers correspond to the requirements of consumers (small surface eyes, a mid-depth stolon trace) high shelf life during storage, tasting evaluation of tubers — 4.0 points. A description of the morphological characteristics of potato hybrids on tubers carried out. The number and weight of hybrids commercial tubers met the requirements for table varieties. The studied samples of hybrids had a yield of 26.0–42.0 t / ha, marketability of 92–97%, which makes them economically valuable. The samples differed in the content of dry matter (18.4–22.1 %) and starch (9.5–13.4 %). The content of nitrates in tubers did not exceed the permissible concentration. The studied samples are resistant to the most common diseases of the zone: viral (ordinary mosaic, leaf curl, curl, wrinkled mosaic, etc.), macrosporiosis, rhizoctonia, and scab. Based on the results of the studies, potato hybrids 232 (Aurora × Bonus), 233 (Slavyanka × Rosalind) and 239-2 (Ladozhsky × Razolind) were selected for further study and submitted for preliminary testing for resistance to the causative agent of cancer and nematodes.

Corn is one of the leading field crops in the Stavropol region. It is sown for grain annually on an area of about 120 thousand hectares. Many farms use it as a monoculture, sowing in one place for 3–4 years in a row. This makes it possible for the main pest of maize, the cotton bollworm, to stably maintain its population in field crop rotations for many years, not only in corn crops, but also to spread to other crops. The article provides information on the morphology, biological features of the cotton bollworms development in corn crops.

Relevance. The scientific community and agricultural producers are looking for a solution to the problem of how to protect consumers from the effects of hazardous mycotoxins in agricultural products. One of the tools, which will be considered in this article, is a screening system that allows determining the quan-titative indicators of wheat grain infection by toxin-producing fungi in a short time.

Methods. The method of quantitative PCR with the detection of fungal DNA and the method of enzyme immunoassay with the detection of Fusarium antigens were used to characterize the grain infection.

Results. We established the lower critical limit of DNA content which is 3955·10^-4 pg/ng and the lower critical limit of Fusarium antigens which is 596 U/g based on the analyzes of grain fungi contamination in model experiments. Grain should be subjected to mycotoxins analysis upon detection of these critical lim-its. All batches of grain can be used in production without additional analyzes if their values determined by analytical methods are below that critical points. The obtained values can be quantitative benchmarks corresponding to the standard visual analysis of grain contamination currently described in GOST 31646-2012

The area of fallow agricultural land in the Khabarovsk territory is 354090 hectares. They are examined for reclamation and further use. Hydro-reclamation and repair of old drainage systems with soil cultivation should be carried out on an area of 174381 hectares. The area of arable land is gradually increased by 66.2-126.0 thousand hectares and includes rainfed land, reconstructed old drainage systems, as well as plowing of cultivated forage lands.

Relevance and methods. Analysis of state-of-the-art and perspectives in use of molecular (DNA-based) markers in current horticulture and agroforestry was performed.

Results. We showed use of molecular markers for screening of crop varieties with elevated synthesis of human health beneficial metabolites. Molecular markers have not been used to improve varieties of trees yet. Complex use of molecular markers for variety screening and breeding of food crops and forest trees could improve sustainability and productivity of agroforestry systems.

Among the methods of cultivation that increase the productivity of crops, a prominent role is assigned to crop rotation. In a properly constructed crop rotation, the efficiency of all agrotechnical methods aimed at improving the use of land increases, the biological needs of crops are satisfied, the rational use of technology is achieved, and the cost of production is reduced [1]. The soils are low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium. The humus content is 1.2–2.0%, pH = 7–8. Studies have shown that green manure (sweet clover, oats, phacelia) have a positive effect on the balance of organic matter. The negative balance of organic matter is noted for pure steam. The stock of productive moisture in the 0–0.3 cm soil layer varied from 4.1 to 29.5 mm for winter wheat, 28.1–32.7 mm for chickpea and 28–35.3 mm for spring barley, depending on the weather conditions. conditions and methods of biologization. On average, over three years, the highest yield was in winter wheat for a busy fallow (phacelia) and amounted to 1.0 t/ha, which depended on weather conditions. A reliable correlation was revealed for the factors of yield-precipitation; temperature; batteries, etc.

The article presents the results of studies of optimization of technological methods of cultivation of sugar beet in the conditions of the Ganja-Kazakh zone of Azerbaijan. The Ganja-Kazakh region of Azerbaijan is one of the most important from the point of view of the steadily developing agricultural sector of the economic regions of Azerbaijan. Based on the studies carried out, it can be concluded that in order to obtain a high and highquality yield of sugar beet root crops and restore soil fertility on the gray-brown soils of this zone, farms are recommended a planting scheme of 50×15 cm and annually use mineral fertilizers at a rate of N₉₀P₁₂₀К₉₀ kg / ha

Relevance and methods. Research work for breeding purposes was conducted in the context of ISA-branch center FNAC VIM in 2016–2018 G. G. the article presents the results of studies of gen-otypes of soft winter wheat in the collector’s nursery in 20162019 Material for the study were 14 varieties (early maturing and late maturing varieties). The purpose of the work is to study and select varieties based on the elements of plant productivity and adaptability in the conditions of the Central non-Chernozem region.

Results. According to the results of assessing the yield of winter wheat varieties in the Ryazan region, it was found that the average yield for 2016–2019 for early — maturing varieties was 5.9 t/ha, for late-maturing varieties-6.9 t/ha. On average, over the years of research, it was noted that higher yields were observed in early — maturing varietiesMironovskaya 29 (5.6 t/ha), Mironovskaya 63 (5.4 t/ha), late-maturing varieties DSV 1113 (7.3 t/ha) and MV Nador (6.4 t/ha). The coefficient of yield variation ranged from 17.3 to 23.8% for early-maturing varieties, and from 14.1 to 24.0% for late-maturing varieties. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the highest resistance to stress of early-maturing varieties was shown by Svet — Toch (-3.4) and Mironovskaya 29 (-3.8), and late-maturing varieties-Scepter (-5.7). Mironovskaya os-tistaya (-6.9), Mironovskaya 63 (-6.7), and DSV– 1113 (10.8) and Tambor (-10.7) had the lowest stress tolerance in early maturing varieties. The maximum genetic flexibility in early — maturing varieties was observed in Mironovskaya ostista and Mironovskaya 63 (5,6), and in latematuring varieties-Iststar (8,0).

Relevance. One of the important elements of adaptive sunflower cultivation technology is the system of pre-sowing tillage, which is aimed at the maximum destruction of seedlings and seedlings of weeds, preserving the accumulated reserve of soil moisture and creating optimal conditions for seed germination. The aim of the research is to study the elements of adaptive technologies of sunflower cultivation (methods of crop care) to increase its productivity and provide vegetable oil producers with high-quality raw materials.

Methods. According to the morphological features of the genetic horizons of the profile and agrochemical indicators of the arable soil layer of the experimental plots, they are characteristic of the 1st dry-steppe zone of Western Kazakhstan. The area of plots for sunflower cultivation is 90m², the repetition is three times, the location of plots is randomized. The experiments used a hybrid of sunflower Avangard. Seeding rate recommended for the dry-steppe zone of the West Kazakhstan region. During the research, nitrogen and phosphorous mineral fertilizers were used in the recommended doses for the region.

Results. As a result of research on methods of crop care in the conditions of the 1st dry-steppe zone of the West Kazakhstan region, it was found that to control weeds on sunflower crops, it is advisable to harrow the soil with pre-sowing cultivation and use the herbicide roundup 5 days before sowing with a rate of 2 l/ha (option 2), where high structural indicators were noted and the highest seed yield was obtained

Relevance. The article quotes questions of the influence of fertilizer rates and the number of irrigations on the change in the nutrient regime of the soil when growing mixed crops of pea and sorgho in the conditions of the Karabakh zone of Azerbaijan. In this regard, one of the main issues considered was the development on a scientific and practical basis of the nature of changes in the nutrient regime of the soil and the effect of optimal fertilizer rates and the number of irrigations on crop yields in mixed crops in long-irrigated gray meadow soils.

Methods. To study the effect of irrigation and fertilizer rates in mixed crops on changes in the nutrient regime of the soil, soil samples were taken from two soil layers (0-30 and 30-60 cm) after cutting. In the soil samples taken, compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that are readily absorbed by plants were analyzed.

Results. Analysis of soil samples shows that the application of mineral and organic fertilizers against the background of different amounts of irrigation fundamentally affects the effective fertility of the soil. In general, in the phase of flowering and panicle formation under the influence of irrigation and fertilizers, effective soil fertility was observed compared to the control variant without fertilizing, which remained at a sufficient amount. And this indicates that the plant showed a high demand for this nutrient. The decrease in the number of nutrients in the panicle formation phase indicates its connection with the removal of high yields. Analysis of soil samples during the study shows that the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers against a background of varying amounts of irrigation has fundamentally affected the effective soil fertility.

Relevance. In conditions of low-fertile sod-podzolic sandy soils, they worked out the opportunity to obtain stably high yields of winter wheat grains of Moskovskaya 39 variety, many works are devoted to the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yields in the scientific literature, and in the situation of radioactive pollution, the study of the role of potassium fertilizer and biological preparation in increasing the yield of winter wheat grains becomes especially important.

Results. It was found that the use of potash fertilizer on the background of high doses of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer was justified, a strong connection was found (r = 0.71), between increasing doses of potash fertilizer and yield, the use of the biological preparation Humistim strengthened this connection (r = 0.90). It was revealed that the highest grain yield of 5.54 tons/ha of winter wheat on sod-podzolic sandy soils with low content of exchange potassium was obtained using the organo-mineral fertilizer system, the payback of 1 kg d.v. of the introduced full mineral fertilizer in the norm N₁₂₀P₉₀K₁₅₀ was 7.78 kg of the winter wheat grain yield increase.

Based on archival documents Of the Central state archive of the UR, the analysis of the state of beekeeping in the Udmurt ASSR was carried out on the example of Bolsheuchisnky village Council – one of the largest and steadily developing village councils. It was determined that flax and buckwheat were sown as one of the main honey crops. Cannabis crops also occupied a small area. Statistical archive data on the area of legume crops sown on farms of Bolsheuchinsky agricultural district showed that during the second world war there was a 3.8-fold decrease in sown areas. There is a deterioration in the agronomic level, which has affected the level of agricultural production. In a number of collective farms were low yields, increased infestation of fields, there were large losses during harvesting. The reduction of crops was also due to natural and climatic complications. In 1942, the maximum amount of honey (1.4% of the collected amount) was allocated under the expenditure item "to the homeland defense Fund". In the years of the second world war, the item of expenditure on production needs averaged 15%, with the exception of 1944 – 0.2%. Throughout the second world war, honey was distributed to the Fund for assistance to the needy (disabled people and children). creches). During the war period, with an almost stable number of bee colonies in the studied farms, the amount of honey obtained during the studied years was unstable. The minimum peak of honey collection was in 1944 – 181.37 kg due to the cold summer (the average monthly temperature of the summer months was 15-16°C). Probably, this stage of development of beekeeping during the second world war was a kind of test for the strength of both the system of labor organization in the apiary and the professionalism of beekeepers who passed all the tests with "excellent".

Relevance. Among the main problems of modern agriculture, the problem of reducing the biological yield of agricultural crops is particularly prominent. One of the most cost-effective solutions to this issue may be the use of organic fertilizers. Zoo compost is a type of organic fertilizer that is a product of the vital activity of fly larvae. To confirm the results of the suitability of zoo compost as an organic fertilizer, a field experiment was conducted.

Results. It has been experimentally established that the zoo compost of Black lion fly larvae increases the survival rate of tomato plants, positively affects the growth of tomato plants, and accelerates fruit maturation. It has a positive effect on the formation of tomato fruits and yield. Analyzing the data obtained from the accounting area of the plot, we can conclude that the yield increase in relation to the control was in the range of 1.859–2.375 kg. It should be noted that the maximum yield increase was obtained by applying a double dose of zoo compost (2 tons per ha).

Currently, there is an interstate standard for sheep skins (GOST 28425-90), but there is no similar standard for goat skins. This creates certain difficulties in the procurement. In some cases, when assessing the leather productivity of goats, one can be guided by GOST 28425-90 “Raw materials of leather” which applies to the skins of cattle, buffaloes, yaks, elk, horses, camels, donkeys, mules, domestic pigs (except for boars), as well as domestic and wild goats with an area of 24 m² or more, intended for processing in the leather industry. However, this standard does not take into account fur and fur coat performance. In addition, one of the disadvantages of this standard is that goats with a size of more than 24 dm² belong to group I, and there are no requirements for groups 2, 3, and 4, unlike the skins of other animal species. In view of the above, a draft standard for goat skins has been developed with the preliminary name «Goats not dressed».