Relevance. Small domestic animals often suffer from dermatophytosis chronically, while remaining active carriers. In clinical medicine, there is a certain arsenal of drugs with antifungal activity, both ofsystemic and local action, the use of which often causes side effects. In this regard, the search, development and implementation in public health and veterinary practice of highly active and low-toxic drugs that can specifically affect pathogenic fungi without adverse effects on the body is relevant. On the basis of screening microbiological studies, a thiadiazole derivative was selected, which in preliminary experiments showed antifungal activity.

Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University for 21 days. 19 cats in the analyzes of which a fungus Microsporum canis was detectedwere used in the experiment. An ointment based on a thiadiazole derivative was rubbed into the affected area of the skin once a day in an amount of 0.01–0.05. The therapeutic efficacy of ointments was evaluated for 21 days according to the following parameters: specific glow of lesions in the rays of a Wood's lamp in the presence of a pathogen; results ofseeding and microscopic examination of the material; coat recovery time; local irritant action.

Results. When animals were treated with 3% thiadiazole ointment, on the 10–12th day the inflammation regressed, and abundant small-lamellar peeling was observed on the skin in the foci. By 12–15th day the surface of the foci was cleared, and the skin acquired a pale pink color. The restoration of the coat was observed at the end of the application of the ointment — on 21st day. The specific glow of regrown hairs in the rays of the Wood's lamp ceased. The results of seeding and microscopy of regrown hairs became negative. Negative reactions when applying the ointment to the skin of animals were not observed. The results of the study indicate high efficacy and good tolerability of 3% thiadiazole ointment. 

Relevance. Psoroptosis of sheep and goats is a chronic disease caused by the Psoroptes ovis, occurring in a subacute, acute, chronic, sometimes generalized form. It is characterized by a lesion in sheep and goats of thick-haired parts of the body, in goats — sometimes the auriclesIn view of the above, the determination of the most cost-effective modern broad-spectrum acaricidal and antiparasitic agents in the conditions of the Caspian region of the Russian Federation is an urgent task.

Мethods. The prophylactic effect of the antiparasitic drugs Santomectin and Ivermek was studied on 90 animals, divided into 2 experimental groups and one control group. Animals of the first group were injected with the drug Ivermek (ivermectin — 10 mg and tocopherol acetate — vitamin E — 40 mg) once, at a dosage of 1 ml of the drug per 50 kg of body weight of the animal. The second group was administered Santomectin (1 ml of the preparation contains 5 mg of ivermectin and 125 mg of closantel). Santomectin was injected into the subscapular region intramuscularly, once, at a dose of 1 ml of the drug per 50 kg of animal body weight. The third control group was not treated with chemoprophylactic drugs. Animals were observed for 30 days.

Results. The data obtained in the course of production experiments on the effect of the acaricidal activity of the preparations indicate that the use of the Santomectin preparation with a single injection with an active substance concentration of 0.1 mg ivermectin per 1 kg of live weight gives a preventive effect against Psoroptes ovis by 16.7% higher than the use of the drug “Ivermek” at a concentration of 200 µg of ivermectin per 1 kg of live weight. 

Relevance. The increase in the productive qualities of dairy cattle continues through the further use of purebred bulls-producers of the Holstein breed both of domestic and offoreign breeding, which invariably leads to an increase in the blood of the Holstein breed. Milk is not only a valuable food product, but also raw material for the dairy industry, and its use for the production of certain products is determined by its technological properties , so the study of them in a new genetic formation of dairy cattle in the Middle Urals zone has both scientific and practical interest.

Methods. The research was carried out in one of the typical breeding reproducers for the breeding of Holstein black-and-white cattle of the Sverdlovsk region in the period 2018–2022. The evaluation included first-calf cows that completed the first lactation, obtained and grown on the farm. All cows are descended from breeding bulls Das, Sayan, De-Su, Gavano, Touareg, Marrs, Cassio, Bentley, who all 15 or more daughters. Qualitative indicators of milk— chemical composition, physico-chemical, technological properties and sanitary and hygienic indicators — were evaluated four times in three-fold repetition according to generally accepted methods and techniques in the dairy laboratory of the Ural State Agrarian University.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the milk of cows-daughters of different bulls-producers differs in chemical composition. In the milk of cows-daughters of bulls-producers Sayan and Cassio, the content of dry matter (DM), nonfat milk solids, protein, and milk sugar is higher. There was a significant superiority of these cows over their peers from other bulls in MJ in milk (Р ≤ 0.001). Milk obtained from cows-daughters of all bulls-producers corresponds to the highest grade. Differences in the technological properties of milk, namely in cheese suitability, were revealed, despite the fact that it was all attributed to the second type, the most suitable for the manufacture of cheeses. 

Relevance. Of scientific interest are studies on the physiological effect of the association of probiotic strains of microorganisms for their subsequent use by ruminants in order to increase productivity due to increasing the adaptive capabilities of the body.

Methods. To study the effect of feeding the association of probiotics in loose and granular species, physiological experiments were conducted on animals with chronic rumen fistulas, with the study of the characteristics of consumption and digestibility of feed nutrients, nitrogen balance, indicators of scar digestion, microbiota of the large intestine, features of metabolic processes in the body and indicators of natural resistance according to generally accepted modern research methods.

Results. The positive effect of feeding the association of probiotics at dosage7 g/head/day in bulk and in mini-granules on feed consumption, digestibilitywas revealed, with an increase in the amount of compound nutrients and an increase in digestibility coefficients, as well as nitrogen retention. Higher levels of mass formation of bacteria, protozoa, their amounts both before and after feeding, with a higher concentration of volatile fatty acids, amylolytic activity were found in the scar content. In microbiological studies of fecesunder the influence of the probiotic association, higher levels of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria were found, with a lower level of lactose-positive non-pathogenic microorganisms belonging to the Escherichia coli group of pathogenic molds, enterococci. The improvement of carbohydrate-fat and protein metabolism, as well as hematological parameters of blood in the body of animals receiving probiotic strains was found. The data obtained indicate the expediency of using probiotic associations in ruminants to improve metabolic processes in the body as a basis for increasing productivity and to improve adaptive capabilities. 

Relevance. In recent years, a large number of new herbal preparations have appeared on the market, including gamma-octalactone. It is a naturally occurring compound isolated from Eucalyptus viminalis leaf extract. This compound has a wide range of therapeutic properties, which is associated with its antiinflammatory, antiseptic effect, stimulates appetite, increases the secretion of digestive enzymes and increases performance in animals.

Materials and methods. The paper studied the features of the accumulation of chemical elements in the body tissues of broiler chickens when the compound gamma-octalactone was included in the diet. The studies were carried out on broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross at the age of 7–42 days. According to the scheme of the experiment, inthe diet of chickens of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups was added gamma-octalactone at a dosages of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ml/kg of b.w./day. The elemental composition of biosubstrates was studied using atomic emission and mass spectrometry.

Results. It was found that the addition of gamma-octalactone contributed to the redistribution of chemical elements in the body tissues of the experimental poultry. In particular, the broilers of the experimental group that received gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.05 ml/kg of b.w./day had higher concentrations of B, Co, Ni, Se, V, Zn in the pectoral muscles. An analysis of the concentrations of the main essential elements in the thigh muscles of broiler chickens showed that feeding gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.05 ml/kg of b.w./day was accompanied by a significant increase in the content of Ca, Na, Fe, Si and Zn and a decrease in the levels of Cr, Cu and Ni relative to poultry of the control group. There was also a significant increase in the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Se, Zn, Mg, P in the liver of chickens of the experimental group, who received gamma-octalactone in the diet at a dosage of 0.1 ml/kg of l.w./day, against the background of a decrease in the concentrations of Si and Na. 

Relevance, materials and methods. The experimental scheme included the control group — the main diet (MD); group I (positive control) — MD + chlortetracycline (20%) 0.63 g per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days; group II — MD + gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.1 ml/kg of b.w./day; III group — MD + gammaoctalactone + chlortetracycline (20%).

Results. In the course of research, the advantage of the live weight of experimental broilers over the control was established. The broilers that received gamma-octolactone + chlortetracycline with the main dietwere distinguished by the greatest live weight (16.5% more than in the control) . A similar situation was observed in terms of live weight gains. Broilers of the experimental groups ate more feed (by 3.23–8.47%), against the background of low feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight (by 6.38–10.6%) compared to the control. Broilers from group III had a higher content of erythrocytes (by 12.6–30.7%) and the weight of the spleen. The microbial profile of group III broilers (a combination of gamma-octalactone and chlortetracycline) was represented by microorganisms belonging to 4 phylum. The dominant phylum was Firmicutes (81.3%). Comparison with the control showed that the combination of substances reduced the number of bacteria of this phylum by 4.46%, against the background of an increase in the number of representatives of the Bacteroidetes phylum by 9.32% relative to the control. There was an increase in representatives of the genera Alistipes, Lactobacillus and unclassified genera of the family Clostridiales, while the number of representatives of unclassified genera of the family Ruminococcaceae decreased. 

The aim of the study was to study the effect of crossing dairy cows with bulls of different genotypes on the intake and use of dietary nutrients. It has been established that the leading position in the consumption of all types of nutrients was occupied by three-breed Simmental crossbreeds, which is due to their higher body weight and greater consumption of all types of feed. At the same time, bulls of all genotypes were characterized by the largest intake of nutrients, heifers — bythe smallest, castrated bulls occupied an intermediate position. As a result of the studies, it was found that the efficiency of the digestibility of individual nutrients in the diet of experimental subjects is significantly influenced by the genetic factor. It has been proven that two- or three-breed crossing of Black-and-White cows affects the increase in the efficiency of the use of nutrients in the ration feed. 

The Ural type of the domestic Black-and-White mottled breed is characterized high milk-yield rates and good suitability for industrial milking technology. The milk yield increase led to a deterioration of reproductive functions in the livestock. As a result of the research it was found that in the process of prolonged using of the cattle, the milk yield of cows regularly changes, reaching the highest rates among the mature cows by the 3rd lactation, and then gradually decreases, remaining sufficiently high and stable. The decrease of the milk yield starts from 13 kg (in the 4th lactation in comparison with the 3rd lactation) and goes to 663 kg (from 4th to 8th lactations). That decrease makes on average 132.6 kg per lactation period, or by 1.7%. The quality indicators of milk changed to the better from the 1st to the 10th lactation. The indicators for milk yield turned out to be more variable; they had a coefficient of variability from 20.7 to 17.6, which indicates a quite wide possibility of selection in the herd by this trait. The milk yield per lactation is not related with duration of service period; and increase of reproductive functions in the modern Holsteinized Black-and-White mottled cattle will not provide a negative impact on the milk yield of the cows. 

The aim of this work is to study the effect that energy supplements provide on the digestibility and application of nutrients in high-yielding cows diets during their milking period. The scientific and economic experiment was run at CJSC “Glinki” in Kurgan region. For this experiment, three groups were formed, which consisted of Black-and-White cows, according to the principle of analogues. Studies showed that feeding cows with the energy supplement “Lakto S” increased the digestibility of dry matter by 1.68%; of organic matter — by 1.53%; of crude protein — by 2.25 (P < 0.05)%; of crude fiber — by 2.40%; of crude fat — by 3.47%; nitrogen-free extractable substances — by 0.84%, and also changed the concentration of hydrogen ions by 0.16 units, increased VFA by 15.51units (P > 0.05), changed the amount of acetic and propionic acids — by 2.48 and 0.70%, and reduced the level of total nitrogen and ammonia in the rumen of cows by 3.59 and 4.11% respectively. The energy supplement “Lacto S”, fed to the cows during their milking period, provided more efficient use of feed energy for milk production by 11.98% (12.47 MJ) (P < 0.05) in comparison with the control group. The zootechnical feasibility of using the energy supplements “Lacto S” and “Extima 100” in the diets of high-yielding cows in order to enhance the processes of digestion and metabolism in their bodies has been experimentally substantiated. 

Relevance. The most important condition for the growth of crop production is the correct use of arable land, the improvement of the structure of areas under crops and the optimization of crop rotation schemes. The purpose of the work is to optimize crop rotation schemes for the steppe zone of Republic of North Ossetiа — Аlania. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time for the natural conditions of the steppe zone of Republic of North Ossetiа —Alania the schemes of soil-protective crop rotations of a new type were optimized in order to increase soil fertility, ecological balance and productivity of agricultural landscapes.

Methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of scientific principles and approaches set out in the methodological guidelines: "Agroecological land assessment, design of adaptive-landscape farming systems and agricultural technologies" (2005), "Methodology for designing the basic elements of an adaptive-landscape farming system" (2010) and "Methodology for optimizing crop rotations and patterns of arable land use” (2004).

Results. For more efficient use of arable land, increasing crop yields, meeting the needs of farms with crop products and improving soil fertility, improved crop rotations are proposed. In the developed structure, winter crops should account for 42%, corn for grain — 13%, millet — 1%, peas — 3%, soybeans — 4%, sunflower — 8%, potatoes — 0.5%, fodder root crops — 1%, vegetables — 3%, corn for silage — 4%, annual grasses — 1.5%, perennial grasses — 3%, winter rapeseed — 7%, flax — 3%, mustard — 2%, pure fallows — 4%. Optimization of the structure of sown areas and crop rotations developed on its basis will make it possible to grow intermediate crops on 30–50% of arable land, provide farms in the steppe zone of Republic of North Ossetiа — Аlania with high-quality and balanced fodder and a longer operation of the "green conveyor". Optimized crop rotation schemes for the steppe zone of Republic of North Ossetiа — Аlania provide a reduction in degradation processes, increase soil fertility and crop productivity by 12–15%. 

Relevance. New fertilizers Azotovite and Phosphatovite do not pollute the soil and provide significant savings when applying in combination with traditional fertilizers. Studies on the use of Azotovite and Phosphatovite in the conditions of the Novgorod region on sod-podzolic soil in improved fodder crop rotations have not yetbeen conducted, therefore research on the influence of Azotovite and Phosphatovite together with mineral fertilizers in improved crop rotations is relevant.

Methods. The results of studies of two-factor field experiment, carried out in 2019–2021 on sod-podzolic soil in the conditions of the Novgorod region, are presented to study the influence on the yield and nutritional value of forage cropsof three methods of using Azotovite (A) and Phosphatovite (P) — factor H— and mineral fertilizers in full dosagesfor a programmed yield (background 1) andin dosages, reduced by 50% (background 2) (factor B) in the feed crop rotation link: spring rapeseed for siderate; winter rye and spring barley for grain. The use of crop-root residues, siderates and grain straw serves as a basis for increasing soil fertility.

Results. It was established that the introduction of a complete mineral fertilizer based on the planned harvest, the double use of Azotovite and Phosphatovite in technological operations— etching of seed material (by 2 l/t of each preparation) and non-root spraying of plants in the period up to 30 cm (by 1 l/ha of each preparation) —provided high productivity of siderate (38.2 t/ha),grain of winter rye (7.1 t/ha) and spring barley (4.1 t/ha); digestible proteinin amount 0.65 and 0.34 t/ha was obtained, low energy intensity of grain production (less than 3.0 GJ/t) is combined with high energy efficiency of production — 5.8 units. The use of siderate and grain straw as organic fertilizers allowed to increase soil fertility on average per crop rotation link for all variants of the experiment by more than 47 GJ/ha. 

Relevance. The agricultural sector, including the agro-industrial complex, is currently functioning in difficult socio-economic and geopolitical conditions. The agricultural sector of the economy of the Bryansk region plays a key role in the process of economic development. This article solves the problem of identifying opportunities and identifying priority areas for the development of the regional agroindustrial complex in the conditions of innovative and digital development of the economy.

Methods. A wide range of analytical methods is used in the work: system analysis, program-target and project, statistical method, predictive method. The use of a set of scientific approaches, such as: systemic, interdisciplinary, complex, as well as retrospective and evolutionary, made it possible to carry out a study of the possibilities and priorities of the development of the agroindustrial complex of the region.

Results. The article analyzes the current state of the agroindustrial complex of the region, identifies opportunities and identifies priorities for the development of the most important branches of the agroindustrial complex of the Bryansk region. As a result of the study, it was found that the economic and resource potential of the agroindustrial complex of the region contribute to the development of efficient agricultural production. State support and programs for the development of agriculture have allowed the region to become a competitive leader in a number of positions in the Russian Federation. At the present stage, the Bryansk region fully meets its needs for basic foodstuffs. The necessity of active participation in the development of new investment projects, in the processes of modernization of the main spheres of production and economic activity, the development of possible directions of digitalization is proved. The conclusions drawn from the results of the study are important for practitioners, since they complement the existing knowledge necessary to substantiate the development strategies of the agroindustrial complex and the economy of the country as a whole during the transformation into an innovative digital space. 

Relevance. One of the objectively existing factors constraining the effectiveness of creating varieties of self-pollinating cereals is the fact that the selection of valuable genotypes begins from the second hybrid generation and is carried outby phenotype. The phenotype of plants is largely subject to phenotypic and modification variability, which obliges breeders to selectmultiple times. The second factor is the need for a long study of the source material for the reasonable selection of parental forms for hybridization. This process with the use of provocative and infectious backgroundstakes in average 3 years. The use of genomic selection and marker-oriented selection practically removes these restrictions, makes the selection process more manageable and predictable, which significantly reduces the time needed to create varieties and increases the efficiency of breeding.

Methods. The study was carried out by the Konarev electrophoretic method, as well as by the author's methods of reproduction of varieties and of selection in triticale breeding (patent No. 2558255 “Method of reproduction of grain varieties”, patent No. 2127970 “Method of seed selection in triticale breeding”).

Results. The results of hybridization using the best domestic varieties of winter hexaploid triticale as parent forms are presented in order to develop and test new methodological approaches in the selection and seed production of grain crops. The results obtained make it possible to make the process more manageable and predictable, reduce the time needed to create varieties, and, consequently, increase the efficiency of breeding and seed production in agricultural production. The possibility of selecting valuable genotypes from first-generation hybrid plants has been proved. 

Relevance. The effect of mineral fertilizers of various degrees of saturation and the biological preparation Albit on the yields and quality of winter rye grain of the Moskovskaya-12 variety has been studied in a stationary field experiment on the radioactively contaminated sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. Methods. The researchers conducted (2019–2021) at the experimental field of the Novozybkov branch of the Bryansk State Agrarian University established that the highest yield of winter rye grain (4.37 t/ha) was formed when using full mineral fertilizer N₉₀P₆₀K₁₅₀ against the background of treatment of winter rye plants with biopreparation Albit. Results. Under the influence of the applied means of chemicalization, an improvement in the biophysical parameters of winter rye grain has been noted. The content of raw protein in winter rye grain, depending on the fertilizer systems used, has varied from 11.3 to 13.5% with its highest collection (0.599 t/ha) per unit area when using the N₉₀P₆₀K₁₅₀ fertilizer system in combination with the biopreparation Albit. The use of the complete mineral fertilizer (NPK) with consistently increasing doses of potassium both separately and in combination with the biopreparation Albit has contributed to a decrease in the specific activity of 137Cs in winter rye grain by more than 2.1 times in comparison with the control. 

Relevance and methodology. The response of present winter triticale varieties to the nitrogen nutrition level was assessed at different seeding rates in the agro-climatic conditions of the Bryansk region. The research object was a set of new winter triticale varieties cultivated by intensive technology on gray forest tame soils in the Bryansk region.

The purpose of the research was to identify the potential of crop capacity and grain quality of present varieties of winter triticale, depending on the mineral nutrition level and seeding rates. Field experiments were carried out in the educational and experimental farm of the Bryansk State Agrarian University in 2019–2021 with the following crop rotation system: vetch-oats mixture for green fodder, winter triticale, potato, spring wheat.

Results. It was established that the grain yield of the varieties under study largely depended on the conditions of moisture and heat availability in the growing season. In the experiment variant with N168Р96К96 and additional fertilizing of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate at the rates of N24 and N10 during spring vegetation and in the shooting stage, the varieties Tornado, Runo, Nina, Impulse, Tribune, Carnet and Legion were distinguished due to the producing programmed grain yield — from 85 to 100 ctw/ha. The grain yield of the varieties Dynamo, Nemchinovskaya 56, Promet and Valentin was from 83.3 to 84.4 ctw/ha on average. In the experiment years all the varieties under study formed stable yields and grain with a high content of crude protein and gluten. On tame soils, with high rates of mineral fertilizers and tank mix of herbicides, the seeding rates of winter triticale seeds can be reduced to 4.5 and 5.0 mln pcs of germinating seeds per 1 ha, therefore, these agrotechnical techniques can be recommended into production as the most important factor of increase of high-quality grain yield. 

Relevance. In the context of improving food security and according to the development strategy of the grain complex of the Russian Federation, crop capacity quality increase of wheat grain remains a priority. It is significant to research winter wheat varieties selected in different geographical selection centres, in specific soil and climatic conditions, in order to identify their genetic potential.

Methods. The research was conducted in 2015–2021 in the south-west of the centre of Russia. The object of the research was a set of 12 modern winter wheat varieties cultivated by intensive technology on grey forest soils in the Bryansk region.

Results. Due to its genetic potential, each of the varieties has shown its responsiveness to the prevailing weather conditionsue to their geographical origin, there was a significant variation in crop capacity of the varieties Moskovskaya 40, Moskovskaya 56, Mera, Lgovskaya 8, Amelia. The varieties by Belarusian selection showed the maximum average yield (8.41 t/ha). The varieties under study formed coarse grain. However, such varieties as Nemchinovskaya 57, Poem, Elegy, Moskovskaya 56 should be attributed to the most stable ones, characterized by the minimal variation of this descriptor over the years. All varieties of winter wheat, with the exception of Lgovskaya 4 and Lgovskaya 8, formed the grain of the first class by the basal grain-unit. The "year" factor made the greatest contribution to the change in the protein (47.5%) and gluten content (57.5%) in grain. Among the varieties of Belarusian and Russian selection, Amelia (CV = 5.7%) and Moskovskaya 39 (CV = 12.3%) varieties can be distinguished as those forming stable highprotein grain with a high gluten content. 

Relevance and methodology. Meadow communities forming in various ecological regimes, participate in the biogeochemical carbon cycle, accumulating and retaining it, removing it from the atmospheric air. A significant part of the natural meadows in the old-developed region is intensively exploited and loses carbondepositing functions. The sustainable management of meadows under intensive exploitation provides for the organization of their restoration and optimal exploitation. In field and office work, the method of trial plots, ecological analytical methods with the determination of organic carbon in the composition of soil humus, the method of phytocenotic analogs, the weight method, and a number of statistical methods were used.

Results. The research of the dynamics of the carbon content of above- and underground biomass, soil of three meadows types, showed a favourable effect of restoration processes on the organic carbon content of soils, the growth of biomass and productivity. The long-flooded meadows turned out to be the most responsive to restoration processes. However, the increase in the amount of aboveground and underground biomass in meadows, the productivity of meadows also increased for all types of meadows by the age of 5 years, and then decreased. The following monitoring indicators to diagnose the progress of recovery processes in meadow ecosystems are recommended: root biomass, leaf area index and content of labile organic matter. Therefore, when planning the management of meadows during restoration successions, it is necessary to provide for a moderate pasture load with 4–5 years of restoration processes. Planning the use of meadows, it is necessary to provide for a combination of sequestration and deposit processes of organic carbon, which is a way to increase or preserve the humus content of soils, preserve crop yields, and reduce CO₂ emissions into the atmospheric air. 

Relevance. The efficiency of primary oil flax seed production largely depends on the methods of plant selection and the creation of updated (original) seeds, which still remain complex and time consuming. The development of new, more advanced methods for selecting the initial crop material, aimed at reducing labor intensity, labor costs and speeding up work at the initial stages of seed production, is relevant and has practical significance.
Methods. The object of research was the process of selection and testing of oil flax plants according to the relevant characteristics, the subject of research was typical plants and seeds obtained from them. The experiments were carried out in accordance with the methods of field experiments, as well as methodological recommendations for seed production of oil flax. The varietal quality of seeds was assessed by the method of soil control. The content of phosphorus and potassium in the soil was determined by the Kirsanov method, and the acidity of the soil was determined by the ionometric method.

Results. It has been established that the method of selecting oil flax plants according to a new trait — the flowering period, compared with the accepted analogue, made it possible to increase the yield of renewed (original) seeds by 35.6%, increase their uniformity in seed weight by 8%, seed strength —by 9.1%, reduce labor costs by 31%. The method of soil control established a high level of varietal quality of seeds created using selection for a new trait. It was revealed that negative selection, which involves the removal of plants that are atypical in terms of morphological characteristics, provided, compared with the control, an increase in seed yield by 22.6%, an improvement in their morphological and physiological properties, including an increase in seed strength by 13.6%, an increase in the length of the seedling seed by 25%, as well as a reduction in labor costs by 23.5%. The results of soil testing showed that this method allowed us to obtain original material uniform in color, as well as plants with the necessary evenness in height and fiber content in the stem. 

Relevance. In the agro-climatic conditions of the southwestern part of the Central region of Russia, studies have been conducted aimed at improving the zonal agrotechnology of forage sorghum in order to optimize individual elements of cultivation that are relevant and timely. The main task was to assess the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers and seeding rates on yield, crop structure, nutritional value of the aboveground mass of sorghum varieties and hybrids, their energy assessment in the conditions of gray forest soils of the Bryansk region.

Material and methods. The experimental work was carried out in 2015–2020 at the experimental field of Bryansk GAU. The objects of research were 3 sorghum-sudan grass hybrids: Slavyanskoe pole 15 F₁, Sabantuy F₁, Solaris and 5 varieties of sweet sorghum: Zernogradskij yantar, Debut, Listvenit, Sazhen, Sever. Agricultural technology of experiments —adopted in the region for silage and fodder crops. The laying of experiments, field records and observations were carried out according to the Broad Unified Classifier of the CMEA, the International Classifier of the CMEA of cultivated species of the genus Sorghum Moench and the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops.

Results. The significant influence of azophoska , borophosphate and ammonium nitrate on the growth, development, yield and quality of the feed massof sorghum-sudan grass hybrids has been established. The highest yield of 14.8–15.8 t dry matter or 65–71 t ofgreen mass per 1 ha formed sorghum-sudan grass hybrids Sabantuy F1 and Solaris in the variant with N₉₀ feeding on the main background 1 — azophoska N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀. High-yielding agrocenoses of sweet sorghum Listvenit were marked—, 65–70.9 t/ha of green mass with a seeding rate of 500 thousand pieces of germinating seeds per 1 ha. The highest yield of gross energy with the harvest was provided by the Listvenit variety (54.8 GJ/ha), in the Sazhen and Sever varieties in the range of 50.1–50.7 GJ/ha. A high energy coefficient of 4.3–4.5 and an energy efficiency coefficient of 2.1 and 2.4respectively were shown by crops of Listvenitand Sever varieties. 

Relevance and methodology. Grain quality of crops is largely determined by the content and composition of proteins. The content of protein and amino acids in grain varies due to specific and varietal characteristics of the crop. The study of the effect of organo-mineral biological preparations on the yield and amino acid composition of grain of spring barley varieties proves to be relevant. The research was carried out in 2020–2021 in the conditions of experimental fields of the Bryansk State Agrarian University on gray forest medium loamy soil. The research object is spring barley varieties Raushan, Vladimir, Yaromir. The agricultural technique of cultivating spring barley is generally accepted for the region. There were the variants with biological preparations Geotone, Gumistim, Bioagro-PP, Bioagrogum-B, control (without treatment). The total nitrogen content in the grain was valued by the indophenol method and amino acids were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with the instrument "Kapel 105".

Results. According to the results obtained, the highest grain yield of 6.82 t/ha and 7.35 t/ha of the barley varieties Vladimir and Yaromir was in the variants with Bioagro-PP, and the yield of 6.82 t/ha of the variety Raushan was in the variant with Gumistim. The application of biological preparations in barley cultivation contributed to an increase in the content of nitrogen in barley grain. It is established that the application of biological preparations contributed to an increase in the content of amino acids in the grain, including essential ones. Assessing the varietal characteristics of barley, it should be noted that the largest number of amino acids was in the grain of the variety Raushan, and the variety Yaromir had the smallest number. In the grain of Raushan the highest content of amino acids of 15.50 and 15.74 g/100 g of dry matter was recorded in the variants with Geotone and Bioagrogum-B. 

Relevance. Microorganisms growing at low temperatures play a key role in the biochemical cycles in cold ecosystems. These microorganisms secrete enzymes with a wide range of activity at low temperature, which can be used in various fields of the biotechnology industry.

Methods. To study the psychrotolerant ability of Bacillus mojavensis PS17 bacteria, a bacterial suspension prepared from a nocturnal culture was used. The ability of Bacillus mojavensis PS17 to grow at low temperatures was studied by kinetic measurement of optical density (OD) at a wavelength (l) of 595 nm. For this purpose, bacterial suspension of Bacillus mojavensis PS17 was inoculated into a basal medium and incubated at various low temperatures (5, 8, and 12 ± 1 °C) for 12 hours. The growth curve was measured every hour using a spectrophotometer. The activity of exogenous enzymes was determined by inoculation and incubation at a temperature of 4 ± 1 °C a Bacillus mojavensis PS17 bacterial suspension on a basal medium amended with 1% of different substrates such as milk powder, Tween-80 and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

Results. The results showed that Bacillus mojavensis PS17 can grow at low temperatures. Evaluation of the activity of exogenous enzymes showed that the isolated enzymes of the studied strain do not lose their properties in conditions of low temperatures. The studied psychrotolerant properties of Bacillus mojavensis PS17 bacteria can be used in various manufacturing biotechnology such as food, textile and pharmaceutical. 

Relevance. The main advantage of this method is its high biological efficiency (up to 90% or more) against the background of a quick payback from a significant increase in production due to the stored harvest. At the same time, in some cases, it becomes possible to manipulate the timing of the use of herbicides, taking into account their selectivity, operational qualities, as well as the industrial employment of the forces and means of an agricultural enterprise engaged in weed control. Therefore, the study and selection of modern herbicides in the fight against weeds is an urgent task of great practical importance.

Methods. The object of research is a variety of spring soft wheat Zlata. The predecessor is potatoe. The seeding rate is 5.5 million. The scheme of the experiment included 2 options: 1) control (without the use of herbicides); 2) the use of a tank mixture of herbicides («Ballerina»+ «Bomba» + «Lastic Extra»). The sowing area of the crop is 3 ha, the area of the accounting plots is 50 m2, the repetition of the experiment is 3 times.

Results. The conducted studies have shown that under experimental conditions, the share of juvenile monocotyledonous weeds in spring wheat crops accounted for 68.9%, of juvenile dicotyledonous weeds — for 31.1% of the total number. The most widespread among them were: Echinochla crusgalli — 68.9%, Chenopodium album — 13.1%, Amaranthus retroflexus — 6.2% and Galeopsis tetrahit — 5.2%. The use of a tank mixture of herbicides «Ballerina» + «Bomba» + «Lastic Extra» made it possible to reduce the number of weeds by 90.4–94.1%, reduce the loss of biological grain yield by 14%, ear weight —by 7%, productive bushiness — by 5%, weight of 1000 grains —by 2%, and also increase the yield of spring wheat grain by 0.68 t/ha and get an additional profit of 1.9 thousand rubles/ha. 

Relevance. The technology of growing microgreens of individual vegetables had been previously studied in literature. However, the issues of the influence of light parameters on the cultivation of oil radish microgreens have not been studied enough.

Methods. The model crop was oil radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleifera Metzg., variety Tambovchanka). Water was used as a substrate. With the use of LED lamps in the cultivation of oil radish microgreens, 4 series of experiments were carried out in March and October. All experiments were carried out in 4 replications. Seed weight — 5g per container with an area of 144 cm². Weight of 1000 seeds — 14 g, seed germination — 96%. The average daily temperature for growing oilradish was 25 °C. Phytolamps of the laboratory "Intellect" ( Tula) include 72 pairs of LEDs in 2 versions: 1) 3 red, 1 blue (54 pairs of red, 18 pairs of blue); 2) 7 red, 1 blue (63 pairs of red, 9 pairs of blue). Phytolamps were turned on for 12 hours. The average level of illumination is 2700–2800 lux, the level of PAR is 42 µmol/(m²·s).

Results. In spring, with an increase in the length of daylight hours, the indicators of the number and mass of seedlings of oil radish microgreens increase. In autumn, the number and weight of seedlings grown in daylight (with and without additional lighting by phytolamps) is affected by the number of sunny days. Additional lighting with phytolamps increases the mass of seedlings if the values of the parameters of the leading environmental factors are in the optimum zone. The ratio of red and blue LEDs 3:1 (54 pairs of red LEDs and 18 pairs of blue LEDs) was optimal for the development oil radish seedlings in spring and autumn. Additional lighting with phytolamps of 7:1 ratio practically did not affect the growth of seedlings in both terms of the experiment in 2020. This is due to the fact that in the early stages of development plants require more blue light. 

Relevance. The purpose of the research: to study the effect of technological method (grafting) on tomatos productivity in the conditions of protected soil in the Tyumen region. Research objectives: based on the study of tomato rootstocks for the studied graft, to identify the most productive rootstock for subsequent use in LLC “Greenhouse facility “TyumenAgro” . Subject of research: protected ground conditions.

The object of research: tomato hybrids F₁ Maxeza, F₁ Trovanzo and F₁ Complis (as grafts), F₁ Maxifort and F₁ Emperador (as a rootstocks). The article also provides information on the use of the technological method of grafting when growing tomatoes in protected soil conditions in LLC “Greenhouse facility “TyumenAgro””.

Methods. The productivity of tomatoes is taken into account from1 m² in three-fold repetition. Crop accounting is carried out separately for each option as the fruit ripens, after 5–7 days. The results of crop accounting are processed by the method of variance analysis presented by B.A. Dospekhov. Results. In the course of research, it was found that the cultivation of tomato hybrids in conditions of lowvolume hydroponics, subject to phytosanitary measures, allows to increase the yield and quality of fruits. The highest yield for the crop cycle of 2018–2021 was observed in plants with Maxesa F₁ graft and Emperador F1 rootstock, it amounted to 226.47 kg/m². Based on the research, elements of a new technology will be proposed, characterized by significantly higher quality indicators of tomato productivity formation. 

Relevance and methodology. The article presents the results of the study of economically valuable signs of red beet and carrot when grown in the conditions of the south-western part of the Central region of the Russian Federation. The aim of scientific researches was to conduct phytosanitary monitoring of crops, study the species composition of harmful organisms and the relative resistance of varieties and hybrids of vegetable root crops to harmful organisms in the Bryansk region. The estimation on level of ecotoxicant accumulation during cultivation was carried out. The researches were carried out in 2018–2020 in the stationary field of the Bryansk State Agrarian University.

Results. As a result of the researches, the species composition of harmful organisms on the variety samples of red beet and garden carrot was established. In the conditions of the Bryansk region, according to the signs of "root crop mass" and "commercial yield" on average over the years of research varieties and hybrids of garden carrots Mars F₁, Kupar F₁, Nadezhda F₁, Shantene korolevskaya, Nante, Minor were identified. Insignificant population of willow-carrot aphid — Cavariella aegopodii (Skop.) —was established on plants of varieties Nante, Nantskaya 4, Marlinka, Minor and hybrid Nadezhda F₁. The Nante variety with a high content of carotene (185.1 mg/kg), dry matter (13.3%), low accumulation of nitrates (11.0 mg/kg) and relative resistance to pests was selected according to the results of biochemical analysis. The development of red beet cercosporosis (R) was found to be at a level of 1.6 to 11.3%, while the prevalence of the disease ranged from 22.7 to 76.9%. The variety samples Mulatka, Lyubava and Nezhnost(R 2–2.4%) were slightly affected. A high degree of the disease prevalence was noted in the varieties Nesravnennaya, Gospadynya, Bordo 237. The samples Mulatka, Kreolka, Gospadynya, Lyubava, Nesravnennaya were selected according to the mass of the root crop and resistance to harmful organisms. 

Relevance.Bread products are socially important foodstuffs, physically and economically accessible for the majority of population groups in the Russian Federation and many other countries. One of the directions could be the enrichment of bakery products with natural antioxidants of plant origin. Polyphenolic substances, including flavonoids, have priority among plant antioxidants. Today several approaches to enrichment of bakery products with polyphenols and flavonoids are known, each of them characterised by their own advantages and disadvantages. The basis of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using different bakery enrichment approaches to obtain products with given antioxidant properties.

Methods. Six samples of bakery products, five of which were enriched with food ingredients— sources of antioxidants— were identified as objects of research. The total content of polyphenols and flavonoids was determined in all the examined samples using spectrophotometric method as well as the antioxidant activity using DPPH-method.

Results. Studies have shown that the use of crushed green tea leaves, cedar flour, whole-milled flour from germinated wheat grain as enriching agents allows a significant increase in the total content of polyphenols in the finished samples of baked products, by 46–75% in relation to the control. All the samples of enriched products could be classified as functional foods, as the satisfaction of the daily requirement for flavonoids was more than 15% of the recommended level. At the same time, the use of individual enriching substances such as taxifolin allows to significantly increase the antioxidant activity of baked products (more than by4 times) and with a high probability to steadily regulate it. In general, in all investigated samples of enriched bakery products increase ofthe antioxidant activity by more than 2 times in relation to the controlwas registered. The results confirmed the possibility and feasibility of using the proposed approaches of bakery products enrichment to obtain products with antioxidant properties. 

Relevance. On the one hand, the lack of physiologically important nutrients in the diet has led to the need to develop enriched foods. On the other hand, the food industry generates a large amount of waste rich in various functional ingredients. Biscuits, and especially crackers, are widespread foodamong young people, for whom a healthy diet is of the utmost importance. In this regard, the development of these products with the added of dietary fibers obtained from plant by-products is relevant. Methods.

The object of the study is a cracker enriched with dietary fiber concentrate obtained by banana peel fermentation. The concentrate of dietary fiber was obtained under laboratory conditions; its physicochemical indicators were studied according to standard methods. Cracker recipes with the addition of the concentrate into the composition were modeled, samples of biscuits were made according to optimized recipes.

Results. Dietary fiber concentrate was obtained after banana peel fermentation. Its physico-chemical indicators were determined: protein content — 3.0%, fat — 0.2%, carbohydrates — 21.0%, dietary fiber — 60.4%. Cracker recipes with 4 g fiber per 100 g of product were modeled using the “Solver (“Excel) addin to provide 20% of the daily value consumption. According to the obtained recipes, cracker samples were made in laboratory conditions. Their sensory and physico-chemical indicators were determined. The obtained results showed that variants No. 1 and No. 2 are the most optimal options for cracker recipes that comply with GOST 14033-2015. Samplemade according to variant of recipe No. 3 does not comply with the normative documentation on the mass fraction of moisture. Thus, on the basis of a banana peel, it is possible to obtain a concentrate of dietary fiber, which effectively enriches food products with dietary fiber. With the addition of dietary fiber concentrate into the composition of the cracker, a product that is acceptable in terms of sensory indicators and beneficial to health is obtained.