Relevance. Today the scientific community all around the world is showing significant interest to the study of endogenous intoxication syndrome in the body. The article presents the results of assessing the level of endogenous intoxication in diseases of the liver of cattle by the concentration of molecules of medium mass in the blood serum.
Methods. Two groups of cows were formed, 50 animals each: 1 — healthy livestock; 2 — with liver pathology. The state of the liver in cows was assessed by the clinical status, the boundaries of the liver and its sensitivity, biochemical blood tests and ultrasound diagnostics of the hepatobiliary system. The level of endogenous intoxication in cows was studied using two MMM fractions at wavelengths = 254 nm (MMM 254) and = 280 nm (MMM 280).
Results. The highest values of markers of endotoxicosis in the blood were observed in cows with hepatitis. Thus, a significant difference in MMM 254 (toxic fraction) with healthy animals in this subgroup was 1.8 times, changes in the MMM 280 fraction (fraction containing aromatic amino acids) were less pronounced — there wasan increase of 25.4%. The level of MMM 280 in the blood of cows with hepatosis did not significantly change in relation to the data of healthy livestock, at the trend level, an increase of 10.1% was observed. The level of MMM 254 at the same time significantly increased by 1.5 times. The calculation of IR 280/254 in cows with hepatopathology revealed a decrease in the index with maximum changes in animals with hepatitis; relative to healthy livestock, there was a difference of 30.4% (hepatitis) and 25.3% (hepatosis).

Introduction. The study of patterns and features of the structural state of the dentoalveolar apparatus in representatives of the Canidae family is one of the urgent problems of veterinary dentistry. Understanding the etiological factors of pathologies of the dentoalveolar system allows the veterinarian and pet owners to preserve the function of the tooth as an organ, as well as its functionality by preserving the dentition. It has long been known and confirmed that the pathology of the dentition leads to the development of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system and respiratory organs. To systematize the clinical signs of defects and lesions of hard tissues of the teeth, a brief description of these lesions, their classification and clinical signs are given, which are taken from specialized sources and the practical experience of the authors. The purpose of the study was to systematize the clinical signs of defects and lesions of hard dental tissues in dogs of dwarf, small and medium breeds.
Objects and methods. A sufficient analysis of significant specialized literature data and a clinical examination of the oral cavity organs were carried out using additional research methods, adopted in dentistry, on dogs (n = 70, dwarf, small and medium breeds).
Results. To eliminate the gap in information about abfractional lesions of the teeth, a brief description of these lesions, their classification and clinical signs are given. Based on the study, the following specifications of clinical signs of dental lesions should be distinguished: the presence of microcracks, slight damage to tooth enamel, the formation of a mesh pattern of enamel and the predominance of horizontal lines over vertical ones, and the absence of gum recession. Our studies allow us to identify some features of the systematization of dental lesions in dogs, which is only the initial stage in the study of this complex process. Further research will improve the treatment and prevention measures and methods for the differential diagnosis of abfraction lesions of the teeth in dogs of small and dwarf breeds.

Relevance. Viral diarrhea — mucosal disease of cattle — is widespread throughout the world, including Russia. The virus causes immunosuppression, pathology of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. But the greatest economic damage is due to the culling of heifers and lactating cows as a result of pathologies of the reproductive system. The disease is included in the "List of contagious and other animal diseases", approved by order No. 62 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (dated March 9, 2011 (as amended on September 25, 2020)).
Methods. Based on the data obtained from the official annual reports of state veterinary laboratories in the 4-vet form for 2021, provided to the Federal State Budgetary Institution TsNMVL, an analysis of the epizootic situation and the circulation of the viral diarrhea (mucosal disease of cattle) in livestock farms of the Russian Federation was carried out.
Results. The article presents the results of epizootological monitoring conducted in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2021. More than 50,000 samples of biological and pathological materials have been submitted to state veterinary laboratories for analysis. Mostly, the laboratory received blood serum for testing for the presence of post-infection and post-vaccination antibodies by ELISA. There were 5,244 positive results in 26 subjects. The most intense epizootic situation is in the Central and North Caucasian Federal Districts (49% and 38% of positive results from the total number of positive cases, respectively).

Relevance. Armenia is endemic for many invasive diseases of carnivores, including visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the conditions of Armenia, the main source of invasion are dogs. A feature of the legal regulation of the procedure for organizing the work of veterinary specialists in case of the detection of leishmaniasis in dogs in Armenia is the availability of imperative means and methods provided for both by the norms of international treaties and the national legislation of the Republic of Armenia. Recently, cases of leishmaniasis in dogs have increased due to the development of tourism, population migration, decrease in the standard of living in endemic regions, lack of alertness of medical and veterinary specialists, as well as difficulties in differential diagnosis of the disease.
Methods. The regulatory documents of the Customs Union Commission, the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation, the Orders of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, as well as the legal documents of the Republic of Armenia are considered as the main legal acts containing the requirements for the treatment of dogs with leishmaniasis.
Results. When leishmaniasis is detected in dogs in the Republic of Armenia, the legal regulation of the organization of the work of veterinary specialists excludes the possibility of moving dogs with leishmaniasis across the borders of the Сustoms Union up to the euthanasia of infested animals. On the part of Russian legislation, the most important preventive measure is the recognition of the fact of the danger of animal leishmaniasis and the legislative consolidation of veterinary control over the spread of this invasion in relation to animals arriving in Russia from countries with an unfavorable situation for leishmaniasis.

Relevance. Currently improving of the quality of agricultural products is a point of constant attention. The nutritional value and commercial quality of milk depend on its chemical composition and properties, which are influenced by numerous factors, the most important among them is animal feeding. The prospects of using feed additives based on natural agro-minerals in animal husbandry are increasing. These include such silicon-containing sorbents as zeolite, diatomite, bentonite, tripoli, and montmorillonite.
Material and methods. Production tests lasting 100 days were carried out in the OOO "Agrofirma "Tetyushskoe"" of the Ulyanovsk region. The object of the study was Black-and-White cows. We created 4 groups using the principle of analogy, each with 50 cows. The feeding is carried out with household rations. The difference was as follows: the 1st group received only a household ration (OR); the 2nd group received OR and an additive of modified zeolite enriched with an amino acid complex of plant origin (the drug «Aminobiol»); the 3rd group received OR and an additive of modified diatomite enriched with the same amino acids. Cows of the 4th group received OR and an additive of modified diatomite without amino acids.
Results. Feeding modified silicon-containing additives enriched with amino acids has a positive effect on the fatty acid composition of cow's milk, increases the concentration of caprinic (C10:0), lauric (C12:0), myristinic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0) and heptadecoic (C17:0) fatty acids, milk productivity and improves the qualitative composition of milk.

Relevance. Increasing beef production and reducing costs is one of the main tasks of the agro-industrial complex. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a resource-saving technology for growing Hereford cattle with year-round grazing.
OOO "Andrianovsky" of the Bogradsky district of the Republic of Khakassia — a breeding reproducer for the Hereford breed of cattle of the Andrianov type. The productive and reproductive abilities of cows, the dynamics of the live weight of young animals from birth to 18 months of age, the meat productivity of bulls were studied, and the efficiency of keeping Hereford cattle with year-round grazing was calculated.
Results. The technology of breeding animals provides for their year-round grazing using light-weight premises during adverse weather conditions. The average daily increase in cows from calving to weaning of calves was 387 g, the service period was 85 days, the calving interval was 378 days, the coefficient of reproductive capacity was 0.97, the yield of calves per 100 cows was 92%, the safety of young animals was 98%. Live weight at weaning at 8 months of age in bulls was 228 kg, heifers — 224 kg, at 18 months — 520 and 447 kg, respectively. The average daily gain for the entire period of growing in bulls was 912 g, in heifers — 781 g. Keeping animals in light-weight premises with year-round grazing makes it possible to grow bulls to high slaughter conditions (carcass weight — 302.7 kg, yield — 59.7%, meat index — 5.0%) and get heifers suitable for insemination at the age of 16 months with a live weight of 400 kg. The calculation of the economic efficiency of growing animals of the Hereford breed of the Andrianov type with year-round grazing showed high profitability — 46.6%. To increase the production of beef, we recommend using a resource-saving technology for growing beef cattle in the conditions of the steppe zone of Khakassia.

The Ural type of the Russian Black-and-White mottled breed features high rates of milk yield, good suitability for industrial milking technology, but the duration of their productive longevity is 2.4–2.6 lactations only. The decline in productive longevity is associated, in particular, with qualities of reproductive system. As a result of the conducted researches, it was found that due to elongation of lactation (over 305 days), more milk was obtained by 847–890 kg, or by 9.5–10.0%. At the same time, there is a decrease in MFF and MFP in milk for 305 days of lactation: by 0.01–0.02% for fat and by 0.02% for protein. The highest average daily milk yield was recorded in lactation duration of 305 days. The daughters of all assessed servicing bulls had the same service period of 132–134 days. It is 52–54 days higher than optimal indicators, or by 65–68%. The fertility index of cows exceeds 48%, so we can say that the fertility of cows is good. The fertility potential of the livestock is good and decrease of service period duration will increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in the farm.

Relevance. The need to increase the production of dairy products to ensure food security is the basis for the search for new reliable sources of feed. One of the ways to strengthen the forage base is the introduction of new, sparsely distributed forage crops.
Methods. The research was carried out with varieties of Japanese millet, millet, Siberian millet, foxtail millet, amaranth.
Results. Studies with have shown that in various weather conditions, plants formed stable yields of green mass: in extreme conditions of 2017 — 15–21 t/ha, in more favorable years — up to 53–97 t/ha, thus showing their adaptive properties. The growing season of millet was 79–107 days, the seed harvest was up to 1.2–2.1 t/ha, the average yield of green mass was in the range of 29–37 t/ha, the content of crude protein (CP) in the green mass was 8.9–14.6%, the Sputnik variety was distinguished by its precocity. Among Japanese millet varieties, the growing season was 99–128 days, in some years the seeds were not fully formed. The Krasava and Eurika varieties proved to be relatively precocious. The average yield of green mass of Japanese millet is 44–51 t/ha, the content of CP is 6.8–9.6%. Among the varieties of Siberian millet and foxtail millet, the Stepnoy Mayak variety with a growing season of 91–118 days distinguished itself by its precocity, the average yield of green mass in early varieties was at the level of 30 t/ha, in late varieties (Stamoga, Stachumi, Atlant) — 38 t/ha. Among amaranth varieties, the average yield of green mass is 44–54 t/ha, the CP content is 13.5–17%, the Lipetsky variety is distinguished by its precocity (the growing season is 98–111 days).The period of mowing ripeness of crops falls on the second half of summer and autumn, which makes it possible to eliminate the deficit in green fodder in these terms.

Relevance. The modern development of agriculture in the Russian Federation is constrained by the problems of global climate change, which is expressed in the occurrence of frequent droughts that have a negative impact on grain production. In recent years, frequent droughts have begun to overcome previously unusual territories of the Ural Federal District, which includes the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions. In these regions, it is suggested to develop land melioration programs to support irrigation initiatives of the main grain-producing regions for the sake of maintaining stable crops and preserving land fertility.
Methods. In the course of the study, a combination of analytical and statistical methods was used, as well as an analysis of regulatory legal acts in order to substantiate recommendations for improving the modern meliorative system in Russia for the purpose of agricultural land productivity growth. Statistical data on gross yields and productivity of the main crops in the Ural Federal District were studied using Rosstat data. The state of reclaimed lands was analyzed according to Rosreestr. The main legislative acts of the Government of Russia on the development of land reclamation until 2031 were analyzed.
Results. This study showed that there are not enough projects for the development of land melioration in the Ural Federal District. The current state of the lands used for irrigation is considered as unsuitable for use. It is proposed to amend Decree of the Government of Russia № 731 and publish data on reclamation facilities planned to be put into circulation until 2031. 

Relevance. Winter wheat is one of the most valuable and high-yielding grain crops. The growth of its production, quality and stability of gross output is an important aspect of the country's economic independence. The trend of improving agricultural technologies in the conditions of sanctions is relevant.
Methods. The experiment was conducted in 2021—2022 agricultural year on ordinary chernozem in the Rostov region. Objects of research: winter wheat plants of Yuka, Grom, Tanya varieties , sown after crop rotation crops Cicer arietinum (L.) and Camelina sativa (L.).
Results. The density of the soil in a layer of 0–40 cm in wheat crops was different in variants; a tendency of compaction from germination to earing was observed. Field germination of wheat varied from 61 to 79%. The average linear deviation for Camelina sativa (L.) was 6.44, and for Cicer arietinum (L.) — 6.89. On average, during the period "germination — earing", the moisture supply index in crops sown after Camelina sativa (L.) was higher by 12.1–18.7% relative to crops sown after Cicer arietinum (L.). The highest indicators of the average linear deviation in plant development occur at the germination phase — 1.78 and 1.11 for Camelina sativa (L.) and Cicer arietinum (L.), respectively, the lowest indicators — at the earing phase — 0.89 and 0.67, respectively. A tendency of decrease in the nitrogen content in plants from germination to earing has been established. After the predecessor Camelina sativa (L.), a decrease in nitrogen accumulation in plants was higher by 10.4–16.6% than after Cicer arietinum (L.). Wheat yield varied according to the experimental variants from 4.81 to 5.98 t/ha.

Relevance. 76 rhizobia strains differing in their physiological and biochemical characteristics from B. japonicum and S. fredii were isolated from the root nodules of Vigna radiate, Vigna unguiculata and Vigna angularis, taken from the soils of the Far East of the Russian Federation, and left for further research.
Methods. The virulence of new rhizobia strains isolated into a pure culture from nodules of various leguminous crops was determined by growing bacterized seeds in test tubes (height — 200 mm, diameter — 20 mm) with a nutrient medium for plants of the following composition, g/l: K₂НРО₄ — 1.0; МgSO₄ — 1.0; CaSO₄— 0.5; FeSO₄, H₃BO₃, MnSO₄, and (NН₄)₆Мо₇О₂₄ — traces. The virulence was determined by nodule presence; intensity of nodule formation due to the strain studied was determined by the nodule number. Primary assessment of the inherent strain resistance to antibiotics was performed with the disk diffusion test. Antibiotics used for the research: nalidixic acid (30 μg), carbenicillin (100 μg), streptomycin (10 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), rifampicin (5 μg), tetracycline (30 μg). After 3 to 7 days of incubation at a temperature of +27…28 °C, the results were registered according to the diameter of the strain growth suppression zone: up to 10 mm — resistant (R); 10 to 15 mm — intermediary resistant (I); 15 to 25 mm — sensitive (S); over 25 mm — highly sensitive (HS).
Results. It was found that most strains were resistant to streptomycin, erythromycin, rifampicin, and nalidixic acid, while the highest sensitivity was noted to tetracycline and carbenicillin. Strains can be attributed to the Bradyrhizobium elkanii species.

Relevance. Currently, a highly productive agricultural crop, unique in drought resistance, sugar sorghum is traditionally used in the crop industry of the agro-industrial complex mainly for fodder purposes for the production of hay, silage, haylage, monofeed, briquettes from biomass, and in recent years the direction related to technical and food processing has been developing. Breeders are widely attracted to the source material from the world collection of VIR, on the basis of which new highly productive varieties and hybrids are created, characterized by a high sugar content in the juice of stems, as well as maturing in the conditions of the cultivation region. The multidirectional selection of new varieties of sugar sorghum with specified economic characteristics is relevant for providing raw materials for various branches of the agro-industrial complex.
Methods. The field assessment of morphometric indicators, the yield of biomass and seeds of the studied samples was carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops, as well as according to the Broad unified classifier of cultivated species of the genus Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Results. The study of the gene pool of sugar sorghum made it possible to identify 18 samples that are donors of economically valuable traits, which are included in the working collection for the creation of new forms. Some samples are donors of several economically valuable signs: 6 signs — Volonter, 5 signs — Scheherezada, k-302, L-39/12; 4 signs — Izolda, Sahara, Seviliay, k-256, k-257, k-10092, L-66/13, L-67/13; 3 signs — Moment, Chaika, k-327, L-44/13. According to the developed model of the variety and the results of the tests, a new variety of sugar sorghum Izolda was isolated, surpassing the zoned variety Volzhskoe 51 in biomass yield by 21,0% and in seeds yield — by 11,1% in the conditions of 2020–2021.

Relevance. Monitoring of the level regime of an reclamation network is necessary not only for its safe operation, but also for determining the volume of water supply in measuring points equipped with water accounting facilities. The automatic monitoring of levels in an open reclamation network is the most problematic. Old irrigation systems use outdated measuring instruments, the introduction of digital technologies is limited by the high cost of equipment and the complexity of supplying electricity to remote sites. The aim of the research was to develop an automated digital complex for monitoring the water level in an open reclamation network powered by a renewable energy source and to test an experimental sample under the conditions of an existing irrigation system.
Methods. When choosing structural elements and developing a program code, an analysis of operating conditions, ranges and required measurement accuracy was carried out; methods of the theory of programming logic controllers, decomposition and formalization of algorithms, structural programming were used. When testing a prototype, methods of the theory of experiment planning, mathematical statistics and the theory of errors were used.
Results. An experimental sample of a digital measuring complex automatically measures air temperature, atmospheric pressure and distance to the level of the free surface of water, records it in the device's memory and/or transfers it to a remote server. The operation of the complex requires a constant voltage of 5 V, it can be powered by a solar energy and/or a battery. Tests of the automatic complex in a reservoir in the absence of a pronounced current and in a channel with a maximum flow velocity of about 2.6 m/s demonstrated satisfactory measurement accuracy.

Relevance. Milk, along with being a food product itself, is also a raw material for the production of a variety of dairy products, including cheeses. In the production of cheeses, additional requirements are imposed on milk. For the preparation of cheeses, milk of the second type is better suited, which forms a clot for 15–40 minutes. The study of the possibility of using the milk of cows-daughters of different bulls-producers for the production of cheese is relevant and has practical significance.
Methods. The research was carried out in one of the typical breeding reproducers for the breeding of Holstein black-and-white cattle of the Sverdlovsk region in the period 2018–2022. The evaluation included first-calf cows that completed the first lactation, obtained and grown on the farm. All cows are daughters, descended from breeding bulls: Das, Sayan, De-Su, Gavano, Touareg, Marrs, Cassio, Bentley, having 15 or more daughters. The object of the study was the qualitative composition of the milk of the daughters of bulls-producers, as well as the control product obtained from milk — cheeses of the brand "Table fresh" and "Amateur fresh". The qualitative composition of milk was determined in the dairy laboratory of the Ural State Agrarian University.
Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that there are differences both in the content of individual components of milk, and in integral criterion — DSMR (dry skimmed milk residue). By the protein and casein content the milk of cows-daughters of Holstein bulls-producers met the requirements, the ratio of MFF and MFP in milk, which should be 1.1 : 1.25, in our case was 1.17; 1.17; 1.29; 1.17; 1.16; 1.20; 1.17; 1.16 respectively by groups of daughters. In terms of casein content, milk from the daughters of bulls-producers Das, De-Su, Gavano, Touareg, Mars, Bentley had lower casein values than specified in the requirements (at least 2.70%) by 0.01–0.06%. Regular changes in the quality of the clot, the efficiency of the use of milk and its components in the preparation of soft cheeses, depending on the origin—belonging to the bulls-producer — have been established. The research is exploratory and was carried out within the framework of scientific research of the Ural State Agrarian University, state registration number: AAAA19-1191014000069.

Relevance. The article is devoted to the actual aspects of ensuring food security in the Republic of Dagestan. The purpose of the work is to identify ways to solve the problem of food supply in the republic, to overcome technical and underdevelopment backwardness through the effective use of natural and climatic conditions, effective organizational and economic measures.
Methods. In the course of writing the article, economic and statistical methods were used.
Results. A comprehensive and objective analysis of the structure of the balance of resources of the main socially significant food products has been carried out, which makes it possible to determine the state and prospects for the development of key sectors of the agricultural sector, the achievements of the import substitution policy, the export opportunities of the region; the issues of economic accessibility are revealed. The time period is 2010–2020. Priority directions of modernization of the agricultural sector of the economy as a key basis for solving the food problem are proposed: technical and technological modernization of the agro-industrial complex, increase in efficiency of land use, improvement of personnel training. It is revealed that the problem of economic availability of food in the required volumes and assortment for the population with low incomes persists, which is caused by an increase in the inflation rate and a decrease in real incomes.