Relevance. The main purpose of micronuclear analysis is to identify substances that cause cytotoxic damage and lead to the formation of micronuclei containing lagging fragments of chromosomes or whole chromosomes. For the study of chromosomal disorders, micronuclear analysis is now very often used, since it is quite easy to perform and does not require large costs.

Methods and results. Micronuclei are cytoplasmic chromatin-containing bodies formed when delayed in anaphase or telophase during cell division or fragmentation of the nucleus during apoptosis. The method of micronuclear analysis is used as a biomarker of chromosomal aberrations in the study of mutagenicity, as well as a marker of the development of oncological diseases. With quantitative changes in DNA in the cell, the formation of micronuclei occurs. It is their presence that is an indicator that the body was exposed to environmental pollution (pesticides, pesticides, radiation, heavy metals, etc.), leading to inflammatory and pathological processes. Recently, many studies have been conducted aimed at studying the influence of environmental factors on the genetic apparatus of the body. Under the influence of mutagens, micronuclei are formed in proliferating cells, the counting of which allows for the diagnosis of both genotoxic stress and genetic instability of the organism. To determine early genetic changes in humans and animals, sensitive and labor-intensive methods are needed, which can be attributed to micronuclear analysis. Recently, micronuclear analysis has become relevant for its use in the livestock sector, mainly in research aimed at quality control of livestock products used in the future for human nutrition.

Relevance. Any changes in the functional processes in the body of cows are reflected in the biochemical parameters of their blood. In highly productive animals, the energy costs in the postpartum period for the formation of lactation are not covered by the volume of feed consumed. The lack of energy is compensated by the internal reserves of the body, which causes the catabolic nature of metabolism. The consequence of a violation of protein, carbohydrate-fat and vitamin-mineral metabolism in general is a change in the hormonal status of the body, which negatively affects the reproductive function and leads to a decrease in milk productivity.

Methods. The formation of animal groups and methodological techniques for setting scientific and economic experience were performed according to A. Ovsyannikov. The diets, the composition of the premix and the tested feed additive are designed using the program «Optima expert» («Cormersurs», Russia) the needs of milking cows in nutrient and biologically active substances were determined by A. Kalashnikov, V. Fisinin, V. Shcheglov and others. In the blood serum, the content, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, general calcium, and the unorganic focoria on the semi-automatic biochemical analyzer with the BS-3000M cuvette were determined. The results were processed biometrically, the reliability of the differences was evaluated by the Students t-criterion.

Results. The maximum increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood was observed in cows of the third group (7.93%) (p < 0.05), cholesterol – in cows of the second group (24.43%). The content of triglycerides in animals of the control group decreased by 25.00% (p < 0.05). The level of calcium in the blood serum of animals was a tendency to increase. The most pronounced increase was observed in individuals of the third group. In animals of experimental groups, the level of fosphor inorganic decreased.

Relevance. Recently, a promising alternative to antibiotics has become a wide range of feed additives of different composition and different origin, the action of which is aimed at improving the safety of livestock, increasing live weight gain, feed conversion and the quality of the products obtained. One of such feed additives is «Reasil^® Humic Health» based on humic acids.

Methods. The production experience was carried out on the basis of the poultry farm of LLC «Vremya-91». To conduct production experience on broiler chickens of 21-day-old «Cobb 500» cross, according to the principle of analogues, 2 groups of poultry were formed: control and experimental, with 18,000 heads each. The bird of the control group received the main diet. Broiler chickens of the experimental group, in addition to the main diet, received the feed additive «Reasil® Humic Health» in a concentration of humic acid salts of 2 g/kg of feed.

Results. The addition of a humic biologically active feed additive to the diet at a dose of 2 g/kg of feed makes it possible to increase the live weight of broilers by 9.5%, the safety of livestock by 2% and average daily gains by 21%.

Relevance. Currently, the pathology of the joints in broiler chickens remains relevant, especially when the bird is actively growing and gaining weight. Despite the many antibacterial drugs, the results of treatment do not always give a positive effect. This may be due to the properties of the pathogens themselves, which have adapted to resist antibiotics, including the formation of biofilms, limited penetration of the drug into the site of infection, which leads to a decrease in the optimal concentration of the active substance at the site of the pathological process.

Methodology. The production experiment was carried out at a poultry farm for the production of poultry meat with cage keeping of broiler chickens of the Соbb 500 cross. In the phase of active growth of broiler chickens, based on clinical, laboratory and histological studies of previous batches of growing broiler chickens, «Spelink^®-660» was introduced into the treatment regimen for a new batch of poultry.

Results. Production experience has shown that the consistent introduction of the drug with the active ingredient enrofloxacin, colistin sulfate and «Spelink^®-660» into the treatment regimen for broiler chickens in the first decade of growing allowed to achieve the best zootechnical indicators and reduce the mortality of birds during the fattening period due to joint pathology.

Relevance. Many scientists reasonably believe that disturbances in microclimatic parameters are the basis for reduced adaptation of the animal organism to environmental conditions, to aggressive stress factors affecting the immune system of animals. This leads to a violation of the barrier function of the lungs, the rapid multiplication of microflora in the mucous membrane of the upper and lower respiratory tract, the development of exudative processes and a bright leukocyte reaction.

Methods. To conduct the experiment in the winter stall period of 2021–2022, calves of the Holstein breed aged 15.0± 5.0 days were selected, from which two groups were formed according to the principle of pairs of analogues of 15 heads each.

Results. The authors found that the use of a «Biological inactivator of toxic gases in the litter» for animals makes it possible to achieve a significant reduction in the amount of ammonia in the air inhaled by calves of the over-lining layer. At the same time, the respiratory function of the animal organism is activated (normalization of the body's homeostasis, improvement of erythropoiesis, reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increase in the level of alkaline blood reserve, etc.).

Relevance. Pasteurellosis is a group of zoonotic infectious diseases caused by Pasteurella multocida. According to the antigenic composition, P. multocida is divided into 5 serogroups (A, B, D, F and E). Pathogenic and virulent properties of various serogroups and serotypes of the pathogen in different animal species vary widely and are a marker for determining their role in the development of the disease. Typing of P. multocida strains by capsule groups is an important condition for a comprehensive assessment of the epizootic situation, including for solving the issue of specific disease prevention.

Methods. 82 strains of P. multocida from the collection of FGBI «VGNKI», isolated in different years from various animals, were used in the work. Phenotypic typing of pasteurella strains by capsule groups according to Carter was carried out in a test for the detection of hyaluronic acid in a pasteurella capsule and by the type of reaction in a tripaflavin sample. Strains giving a positive reaction with staphylococcus hyaluronidase wereassigned to capsule group A. If the test culture did not belong to group A, but was positive when examined in a tripaflavin sample, it was assigned to capsule group D.

Results. Discrepancies between the results of phenotypic typing of pasteurella strains by capsule groups and by PCR were established. The results of typing did not coincide between PCR and Carter typing for capsule group A with respect to 25 strains, for capsule group D with respect to 5 strains and for capsule group B with respect to 5 strains. The number of untyped or doubtful phenotypic properties of pasteurella strains was 29.73%, untyped by PCR 2.46%. Hyaluronidase and acriflavin tests, unlike the PCR-method, do not provide an opportunity for typing pasteurella groups E and F.

Relevance. Hybridization of pigs is one of the main factors in the production of high-quality pork, since such animals combine the genotype of the grandparent and parent breeds and, due to the effect of heterosis, have a high growth rate, improved meat qualities compared to purebred ones. The paper presents an assessment of the reproductive qualities of large white sows and the productive qualities of young animals obtained as a result of industrial two-pedigree crossing.

Methods. To implement the scientific and economic experience, 3 groups of sows of pairs-analogues of the Large White breed from the Hypor company (KB Hypor) were formed. Sows of the 1st group were crossed with Landrace boars from PIC (Landrace Pic), 2nd – with Landrace boars from Genesus Genetics (Landrace Genesus), 3rd – with Landrace boars from Hypor (Landrace Hypor).

Results. According to the results of the research, it was found that the multiple pregnancy of sows in groups 1st and 2nd was higher by 7.7%, and the number of stillborn piglets, on the contrary, was lower by 0.6 heads than in group 3. The weight of the nest of piglets at birth in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was higher by 9.9 and 6.1%, respectively, in comparison with analogues from the 3rd group. In the hybrid young animals obtained during the experiment, an increase in the absolute, average daily and relative gain in live weight was noted.

Relevance. When breeding a large herd of the Holstein breed, the improvement of traits in the selection system is reflected, the integral basis (part of the basis) of which was belonging to the line. Against the background of a reduction in the number of lines, the selection of a limited number of sires related to each other into the herd, and the breeding of daughters from them by various types of rebounds, an increase in milk yield and mass fraction of protein (MPF) over three generations is reflected.

Methods. The indices of the genetic value of sires in the population were evaluated according to the author's method, while taking into account the indicators of mothers and peers of the same herd. Comparison of the levels of variability of milk productivity traits in terms of standard deviations (±s) in breeding groups.

Results. The relative increase in milk yield per generation for the highest lactations was 8.9–15.4% (P < 0.001), and MDL – 1.3–3.2% (P < 0.01). A comparison was made of groups of peer-daughters obtained by targeted selection of homo- and heterozygous fathers according to genetic markers of controlled EAB loci. Another aspect was the high standard deviation of milk yields in the group of daughters of homozygous fathers by 19% against the group of heterozygous, and among the crossed offspring – by 8.6% against intraline. It is assumed that this happened due to the introduction of new and rare alleles with sires into the herd.

Relevance. Winter wheat is one of the main food crops. The introduction of new high-yield varieties and intensive 'high-yield technology' aims to produce high-quality grain of grade 3 or higher, which has high baking qualities.

Methods. The production experiment was conducted out in 2019-2021 in Oryol district of Oryol region. The experimental field was surveyed using the OneSoil precision farming platform. The chlorophyll index was measured using a Yara N-tester. The counts and observations were made according to the Methodology for State Crop Testing (1985). Samples of winter wheat were taken in accordance with GOST 12036-85. Gluten content was determined according to GOST R 54478-2011, weight of 1000 seeds – according to GOST 10842-89, mass fraction of protein – according to GOST 10846-91. Grain moisture content – according to GOST 13586.5-93. Statistical processing was performed according to B.A. Dospekhov (1985) using Microsoft Office Exel computer program.

Results. It was found that measuring the chlorophyll index during the growing season allows you to monitor the nitrate nitrogen content in the plant and timely nitrogen fertiliser application at scientifically justified rates. The new winter wheat varieties Stork and Leonida, when cultivated using 'intensive high yield technology', have been shown to provide high quality grain yields of more than 10 t/ha. In terms of gluten content, the grains of both varieties belong to the third class and in terms of protein content to the second class, which indicates their high baking qualities.

Relevance. New modern varieties of grain crops created recently, including barley, require the development and refinement of varietal cultivation technology. Since there are significant differences in weather conditions, soil characteristics, and the nature of the relief on the territory of the Russian Federation, the development of technology for a specific agro-climatic zone is especially important.

Methods. The object of research is a new variety of spring barley Raphael, included in the State Register for the Central and Volga-Vyatka regions in 2022. To solve the tasks set, experiments with seeding rates with an interval of 0.5 million were laid on the experimental field. germinating grains per hectare (3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0 and 5.5 million). The studies were carried out by field and laboratory methods using appropriate techniques.

Results. A clear strong negative trend has been established, a decrease in field germination with an increase in the seeding rate (r = -0.973), which also affects the yield of the variety (r = -0.607). It was revealed that the variant with a seeding rate of 3.0 million vsx. grains per 1.0 ha formed the maximum tillering coefficient, had the highest productivity of one plant, the length of the ear and the number of grains per ear compared to other variants of the experiment, but had the lowest yield in the experiment – 5.52 t/ha. The yield of this variety was largely determined by the mass of 1000 grains (r = +0.785) and the number of plants before harvesting (r = +0.329). In the course of research, it was found that the productivity of the Raphael variety in Non-Chernozem conditions on dark gray forest soil of an average level of fertility when sowing at optimal times is significantly affected by the seeding rate and the genotype of the variety. The highest yield index over the years of research, which is the main criterion for evaluating the experience, was achieved with a seeding rate of 4.0 to 4.5 million vsx. grains per 1.0 ha – 6.28–6.57 t/ha.

Relevance. At present, the issues of mineral nutrition of medicinal plants with essential elements remain unstudied, and the lack of certain microelements in soils is an underestimated agroecological factor. This necessitates the study of the effect of different doses of zinc and copper fertilizers on the content of mobile forms of zinc and copper in the meadow-chernozem soil when cultivating Achillea millefolium L. and Tanacetum vulgare L. in the southern forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia.

Methods. The research objects were meadow-chernozem soil, Achillea millefolium L., Tanacetum vulgare L. The field experiment was conducted during 2012–2015 on the experimental field of the Omsk State Agrarian University. Microfertilizers in the experiments were applied once in the year of planting medicinal plants. Zinc fertilizers (CH₃COOH)₂Zn) were applied in doses of 20, 40, 60, 80 kg/ha, copper (CH₃COOH)₂Cu) in doses of 2.4, 4.9, 7.2, 9.7 kg/ha against macrofertilizer (N₁₃₅P₄₅K₄₅). Soil samples were collected and analyzed annually in the growing phase.

Results. The research revealed that zinc and copper fertilizers on optimal macroelement background at low zinc (< 2,0 mg/kg) and copper content in soil (< 1,5 mg/kg) provided increase of zinc and copper mobile forms content in soil by 108,3% and 54,5% (Achillea millefolium L.) and 672,7% and 61,5% (Tanacetum vulgare L.), respectively, when applied in soil in acetate form. Optimal levels of the content of mobile forms of zinc and copper in the soil were 2.5 mg/kg and 0.17 mg/kg for Achillea millefolium L. respectively, 8.5 mg/kg and 0.21 mg/kg for Tanacetum vulgare L.

Relevance. Reliable criteria for determining the region of origin of fruit products attract the constant attention of researchers in various countries. A number of approaches aimed at solving this problem are already known, and some progress has been made in interpreting experimental data for fruits on the content of stable isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. It is possible that information about the fractionation of stable isotopes of magnesium will allow us to obtain equally important and reliable information to achieve the same goals.

Methods. A mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma, standard samples of stable isotopes of magnesium produced in Russia were used to perform the work. The total concentration of magnesium cations was determined by atomic absorption in the flame and on the capillary electrophoresis system.

Results. During the research, the mass and percentage ratio of three stable isotopes (24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg) in the studied samples of apples grown in different soil and climatic zones was established. The data obtained reflect the relative prevalence of isotopes of this element, expressed in the ratio of the least common isotope to the most common. The deviation of the isotopic composition of Mg prototypes from the conventional standard was determined, significant deviations were obtained for the magnetic isotope 25Mg and non-magnetic 26Mg. The initial data on the fractionation of stable isotopes of magnesium in raw materials growing in different regions were obtained, with the aim of possible subsequent use as indicators in biochemical and physiological studies. A combination of the obtained information on Mg isotopes is assumed, taking into account the content of isotopes of other metals, which will make it possible to specify the region of growth of raw materials with greater reliability.

Relevance. Digitalization in the monitoring system of vine plantations of agrobiological indicators is the most important resource for the development of viticulture. Digital tools for collecting, analyzing and visualizing data can improve the efficiency and accuracy of scientific research in the field of viticulture. The purpose of the work. Digitalization of methods for the rapid collection of scientific data on the state of grape plantations in real time based on mobile digital spatial positioning devices.

Methods. Agrobiological and phenological accounting with recording data in the observation log on paper and entering data into spreadsheets from the keyboard and voice. Evaluation of errors and timing of transferring data from paper to a computer database when manually writing data to a log with recoding into a CSV-text format for the MySQL DBMS. AppSheet technology was used as a platform for collaborative work of mobile devices with Internet server databases.

Results. The automated system for collecting, recording and processing data on agrobiological and phenological indicators of grape varieties is designed for route and field studies of the Anapa ampelographic collection during field data collection on grape bushes. It is used in agronomic and phenological accounting by specialists of research organizations. The main functions of the program are data registration using a mobile digital device in the field and their transfer to a cloud database on the Internet. The results of the calculation of agrobiological and phenological indicators of grapes are transmitted in real time to digital electronic devices connected to the Internet. The program records the date and time of the field observation, geographic coordinates, agrobiological and phenological indicators of the survey, and a photo of the bush.

Relevance. Common fennel is a perennial herbaceous plant, traditionally used as a one- or two-year-old. The culture is cultivated for the production of essential oil, as a medicinal plant and spice. The introduction of highly productive varieties adapted to cultivation conditions can ensure the necessary production volumes of raw materials for the pharmaceutical, food, paint and perfume and cosmetic industries. The creation of new varieties involves the study of the gene pool and the identification of promising genotypes based on valuable traits.

Methods. 37 collection and selection varietals of various ecological and geographical origin were studied. The soil is ordinary medium–sized low-humus medium-loamy chernozem. The productivity of the green mass was taken into account in the phase of technical ripeness for greens (35th days from the beginning of spring regrowth of plants) and processing for oil (the beginning of fruit formation). The area of the plot (depending on the stage of the selection process) is 3–10 sq. m. The repetition is 1–4 times. The method of sowing is wide-row. Humidity and temperature conditions were very different during the years of research, which made it possible to give the studied material a comprehensive assessment.

Results. In the conditions of the zone of unstable humidification of the Stavropol Territory, the greatest variation among the studied cultivars was revealed by the length of the growing season, height, productive longevity, leafiness of plants, yield of green mass and seeds. 8 cultivars distinguished by a complex of signs and properties were included in the selection study. Using the biotype selection method from the resulting hybrid combination with a subsequent series of improving selections, a new variety of fennel ordinary Bachata was created, introduced since 2015. to the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation.

Relevance. The engineering and technical service of an agricultural enterprise is a separate subdivision of the management system of the farm, consisting of engineering and technical personnel providing a regulated procedure for the implementation of measures aimed at maintaining the machine and tractor fleet in working condition and ensuring its high-performance operation.

Methods. To solve the goal set in the work, studies were conducted in which various materials and methods were used: information and communication technologies, online platforms, a large amount of data was analyzed characterizing the possibilities of creating a recycling system in the agro-industrial complex of the Tambov region, based on the state of the machine-tractor fleet of the agro-industrial complex, its age characteristics and the capabilities of the enterprises of the engineering structure of the agro-industrial complex to carry out this kind of activity. The information received was processed using statistical analysis methods.

Results. The actual problems are identified and new approaches to the modernization of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex for the region are identified, taking into account the goals and objectives of the Government of the Russian Federation. Prospects for further development and optimization of the engineering and technical service of the region are proposed. The possibility of creating an engineering service of workshops (sites) for the collection, processing, monitoring and disposal of decommissioned equipment in the structure of existing repair and technical enterprises (RTP) is evaluated. The evidence base of the expediency of creating an additional production structure within the framework of the RTP for the collection, processing, monitoring and disposal of equipment is presented. As the analysis has shown, there is a clear need to improve the system of engineering enterprises in the field of MTP operation.

Relevance. Goat milk is a valuable product in human nutrition. However, the diversity of biologically active compounds in its composition is subject to the influence of a variety of factors, including seasonal climatic changes.

Materials and methods. Analysis of the biochemical parameters of goat milk was performed using the MilkoScan 7/Fossomatic 7 DC analytical system (Denmark) and MilkoScan 7, a spectrophotometer based on Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out in the «Microsoft Excel» program using the Data Analysis package. The significance of differences between seasons was assessed using the critical values of Student's t-test.

Research results. Significant differences were established between True Protein in June 3.06 ± 0.07% (p ≥ 0.01), August 3.17 ± 0.12% (p ≥ 0.05) relative to October 4.37 ± 0.15%. Total Protein in April 2.92 ± 0.05% (p ≥ 0.01), June 3.28 ± 0.06% (p ≥ 0.001), August 3.37 ± 0.11% (p ≥ 0.01) relative to October 4.44 ± 0.14%. SOMO in April 8.17 ± 0.10% (p ≥ 0.05), June 8.42 ± 0.10% (p ≥ 0.001), August 8.39 ± 0.16% (p ≥ 0.001) relative to October 9.75 ± 0.14%. Caseins in April 2.21 ± 0.06% (p ≥ 0.01), June 2.51 ± 0.06% (p ≥ 0.001), August 2.56 ± 0.09% (p ≥ 0.001) relative to October 3.55 ± 0.12%. Seasonal changes most often occur in the composition of milk proteins: the mass fraction of true and total protein, caseins.

Relevance. The article is devoted to the current state of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex. The authors noted such problems as a decrease in units of equipment, an insufficient level of integration, and a low level of innovation. Solving these problems requires the development of regional programs for lending and subsidizing agriculture, the development of clusters, consistent digitalization and the introduction of innovations.

Materials. Мonographic studies, scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors, statistical data, materials of the legislative framework.

Methods. Тhe research process used methods of theoretical generalization, synthesis, induction, deduction, complexity, concretization and extrapolation of scientific knowledge.

Results. We believe that the main tool for the development of the material and technical base of the agroindustrial complex of Russia is the development and implementation of federal and regional programs that provide grants and loans that allow creating the necessary institutional conditions.