Eimeriosis of small ruminants is an economically significant disease. A large percentage of lambs are susceptible to this protozoal disease at an early age. Acute eimeriosis can increase susceptibility to other intestinal infections. Eimeria, once in the body of an animal, cause a disturbance in the digestive processes, weaken the resistance of the body of lambs, and thereby also become a factor contributing to the occurrence of various infectious and helminthic diseases in small ruminants. Therefore, it is necessary to keep this protozoal disease under control. Coccidia are able to quickly form resistance to anticoccidial drugs, therefore, during therapy, it is necessary to periodically rotate anticoccidial drugs, as well as to carry out practical experimental work with new drugs in order to increase the effectiveness of veterinary measures.

Material and methods. In a production experiment for the treatment of eimeriosis of lambs, the drug Toltrex 5% in the form of a suspension for oral administration produced by VIC-Animal Health was taken. It contains the active ingredient toltrazuril — 50 mg, as well as auxiliary components up to 1 ml. The drug has a wide spectrum of anticoccidial action and is effective against Eimeria arloingi, Eimeria scabra, Eimeria guevarai and other types of coccidia parasitizing in lambs and kids. The finely dispersed molecule of the active substance and the uniform distribution of toltrazuril in the suspension ensure high bioavailability and prolongation of the preparation in the animal’s body. After oral administration of the drug, the active substance toltrazuril is slowly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and has a coccidiocidal effect at the stage of intracellular development of the parasite. In the body, it is partially metabolized by sulfooxidation and hydroxylation, with the formation of derivatives of sulfoxide and sulfone. Toltrazuril is excreted from the body mainly unchanged (70%), as well as in the form of metabolites with feces and partly with urine.

Results. As a result of the studies carried out, Toltrex® showed a high therapeutic efficacy of 90% for eimeriosis of lambs in the conditions of the grazing period.

Relevance. Single-type feeding of dairy cows has a significant advantage over traditional split ration feeding due to the minimal frequency of changes in the composition of the ration and the higher stability of feeding. However, in the process of such a feeding method, it is still necessary to change the diet composition during the seasonal transition from the last year feed to the current year feed. This change leads to significant feed stress for animals, which negatively affects the intensity and nature of cicatricial digestion, and, consequently , productivity. At the same time, at least 100-150 kg of the annual milk yield of a cow is lost. For this reason, the development of a method for eliminating the inevitable cows' stress during the change of feeding seems relevant.

Methodology. Scientific and economic experience on dairy cows of the first lactation phase was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. The biochemical composition of the blood was studied, observations of the ruminatory processes were carried out, the data were processed by modern methods of variation statistics using the EXCEL program.

Results. As a result, it was found that during the transition from one diet composition to another, it is advisable to introduce a probiotic based on lactic acid bacteria into dairy cows diet. The use of a probiotic can be considered as a preventive measure for digestive disorders caused by changes in the composition of the diet. The use of a probiotic helps to stabilize the ruminal processes in cows, which is reflected in an increase in the frequency of cicatricial contractions. Probiotic effect on the intestinal microbial community, increases the immune status of the body by increasing the level of protein, gamma-globulin fractions in its composition, as well as increasing the reserve alkalinity index.

The ubiquitous distribution of coronavirus infection in the populations of companion animals of the metropolis demonstrates the features of the development of the epizootic process of viral intestinal infection formed in the absence of a unified program of preventive vaccination. Populations of domestic dogs and cats form two different patterns of the virus circulation both predominantly with walking and almost non-walking animals, but equally effectively provide continuous transmission of the pathogen covering the entire territory of the city.

Relevance. Recently, the number of many breeds and lines of chickens has significantly decreased, while others are under threat of extinction. Reducing the genetic resources of chicken’s worldwide limits the possibilities of future breeding programs. The study of the genetic diversity of the species allows you to more accurately manage the productive and potential of chicken breeds, the possibilities of its use for obtaining Biosafety and full-fledged food. Adding exterior estimation data to the bird breeding value forecast increases its accuracy and is relevant.

Methods. The study was conducted on chickens of two experimental populations «Experimental CS» meat-egg of productivity and «Experimental LZS» egg-meat productivity from the Genetic collection of rare and endangered chicken breeds Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry.

Results. The highest absolute increase in live weight of chickens is observed in the period of 4-8 weeks, and the relative increase at the age of 4 weeks, regardless of the type of productivity of chickens. The results of cultivation largely depend on the intensity of growth of the bird in the early period, up to four weeks of age. The superiority of the meat-egg population in comparison with the egg-meat population was revealed in terms of breast circumference (5.0–7.7%).

Relevance and methods. The efficiency of obtaining and reproduction of hybrid animals is closely related to their reproductive performance during interspecific hybridization. Hybrid males often have low fertility. In this regard, it is necessary to carry out the procedure for the preparation of semen for further use. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of using the flotation method (swim-up) to improve the quality of the sperm from hybrid males. The object of the study was the sperm from hybrids of argali with Romanov breed ewes (1/8 argali x 7/8 Romanov breed, n = 15).

Results. A comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative indicators of freshly obtained, frozen-thawed and processed by the swim-up method was carried out. The sperm freeze-thaw cycle was accompanied by an increase in the sperm DNA fragmentation index and an increase in the proportion of immotile spermatozoa by 10% and 37%, respectively, compared with freshly obtained semen. The number of sperm with abnormal morphology doubled. Using the procedure «swim-up» possible to increase the content of the progressive motile sperm by 2.1 times compared with that established for the frozen-thawed sperm (p ≤ 0,01). The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of using the “swim-up” procedure to improve the quality of the semen from interspecific hybrid males.

Relevance and methods. For molecular genetic analysis, samples taken from Romanov sheep in micro-populations of the Yaroslavl region from the ear by pluck were isolated. Polymorphism of genes of the type 3 protein that inhibits insulin-like growth factor (IGFBP-3), growth hormone (Gh), and calpastatin (CAST) in micro-populations of Romanov sheep of the Yaroslavl region was studied. A selection and genetic assessment of live weight indicators of sheep by age periods, depending on the genotype, was carried out.

Results. Two variants of IGFBP-3 gene polymorphism were identified: homozygote (FF) and heterozygote (FG). The frequency of F and G alleles was 94% and 6%, respectively No animals carrying the gg genotype were identified in the study population. Evaluation of gene polymorphism in the population GHo Romanov sheep showed the presence of three genotypes AA, AB and BB with frequency of allele A and b — 63% and 37%, respectively. When evaluating the CAST gene polymorphism, 3 MM, MN, and NN genotypes were identified with different frequency of occurrence. The ratio of M and N alleles in the population was 74% and 26%, respectively. Indicators of observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity for the studied genotypes are in the range of 0.11...0.62 and 0.10...0.47, respectively. It was found that animals with the IGFBP-3FG genotype had a significantly higher live weight at the age of 10 months compared to carriers of the IGFBP-3FF genotype by 5.7%. For the GHo gene, the greatest significant superiority in live weight in all the studied age periods was found in individuals with the GHoAB genotype, which ranged from 0.5% to 12.9%. Animals with the CASTMM genotype outperformed animals with the CASTMN and CASTNN genotypes at 5 months of age by 5.61% and 14.8% and at 10 months of age by 4.53% and 11.3%, respectively. The conducted research will speed up the selection process and increase the profitability of the industry.

Relevance and methods. Selection indices for indicators of natural resistance (NR) and immune status (IS) have been proposed. To assess the state of pig natural resistance, 8 indicators that reflect the state of four protective properties of blood have been studied. They are: bacteriostatic, antigen-binding, bacteriolizing and phagocytic. To assess the immune status, a set of standard and unified tests of the first and second levels has been developed.

Results. The first includes rosette formation reactions for quantitative determination of T- and B-lymphocytes, determining Ig G, Ig A, and Ig M count in blood serum by radical immunodiffusion (RID) in gel, and quantitation of active phagocytes from neutrophilic granulocytes in reaction with inert particles of melamine-formaldehyde latexes. Tests of the second level of immune status assessment include determining the number of T-lymphocytes of various subpopulations in the lymphocytotoxic test. The pig population has been evaluated and young animals have been selected according to the resistance index in order to increase resistance to conditionally pathogenic microflora.

Today, monitoring of dry lands in the Republic of Uzbekistan remains one of the most important issues. The article examines the monitoring of dry areas and the problems and shortcomings that have arisen in this process, the causes of their origin. Based on theresults of the monitoring and the prevention of such causes, as well as the elimination of them in general, several systems of development of dry areas are identified. There are specific proposals and recommendations for planting crops on dry lands, water supply, use of fertilizers and plant protection, as well as rehabilitation of these areas.

Relevance. Among the many abiotic stresses, drought or water scarcity are considered the most important constraints on rice production in many areas of rice production. The purpose of the research is to study collection, hybrid and breeding rice samples for resistance to prolonged drying out of the soil and air drought, selection of droughtresistant forms for creating varieties of a new type. Materials and methods. The object of the study were 65 varieties and samples of dry land rice in the laboratory of rice selection and seed production of the ARC “Donskoy” on the basis of the OP “Proletarskoye” of the Rostov region, which were grown on arid and normal irrigation background.

Results. It was found that plants under normal and dry conditions formed differently, and the grain yield under periodic irrigation averaged 71.3% of the norm. The varieties Kontakt, Zolotye vshody, Malovodrebovatelny, lines ZULK 6 and ZULK 15 were identified, the ratio of experience to control (O/C) in which ranged from 106.9 to 138.0%. Elongation of time to flowering was noted in all samples, but to varying degrees, from 4.9 to 25.7%. The maximum yield in dry conditions was formed by the varieties Boyarin (4.43 t / ha), Kontact (4.53 t / ha), Zolotye vshody (4.60 t / ha) and Sukhodol (4.60 t / ha).

Relevance and methods. The article presents the results of studied the drought and heat tolerance of bread wheat varieties on rainfed. The aim of the research is to study new varieties of common wheat obtained from the international scientific center ICARDA with high drought and heat resistance, in dry conditions and selection for further breeding work. The material of our research was 116 varieties of the international scientific center ICARDA of soft wheat. Research was carried out on bogar in the laboratory of selection and seed production of common wheat of the Gallyaral Scientific Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous Crops.

Results. It selected 6 varieties of high drought and heat tolerance of bread wheat on rainfed.

Relevance. In the arid conditions of the lower Volga region, studies were conducted to identify different response rates of CMS lines of grain sorghum in order to use them in the selection of hybrids for resistance to abiotic stressors.

Material and methods. The adaptive capacity of maternal forms was studied on the example of 12 CMS lines (obtained using sterility sources A1, A2, A3, A4, M-351A, 9E) at the experimental field of institute in 2014–2018. The plot area is 7.7 m2. The density of standing plants is 100 thousand plant/ha. Repeatability in the experience — three times. The calculation of adaptability indicators was carried out using the program for statistical processing of experimental data Agros 2.09.

Results. It is established that the formation of a biomass productivity of sterile lines, the predominant influence of the interaction of genotype with year terms, which amounted to 58.2 per cent, while the factors of genotype and the year conditions contribute 31,0 and 10.8%, respectively. At the same time, the influence of the hydrothermal coefficient for the period of “germination-maturation” of sorghum on the productivity of biomass is confirmed by a positive linear relationship (y = 1,903x + 13.90). Among the studied forms, CMS lines A1 O-Yang 1 and A2 Tamara with a biomass yield of 10.33–14.08 t/ha are characterized by high stress resistance and average variability of the trait. Highyielding female forms A3 Feterita 14 and A1 Efremovskoe 2 (18.34–20.71 t/ha) have high indicators of stability index (3.97–6.30), genetic flexibility (16.55–20.70), which indicates their greater adaptability to the arid conditions of the region. These sterile lines are recommended to be included in the program of crosses when creating productive F1 hybrids.

Relevance and methods. The article considers possible options for restoring the forage base of the non-Chernozem zone. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Novgorod Research Institute of Agriculture in 2017–2019. The studies were carried out with perennial and annual traditional and introduced forage crops of domestic selection.

Results. It has been experimentally established that the cultivation of traditional forage crops of new varieties of domestic selection contributes to an increase in the productivity of the forage hectare. The qualitative characteristics and yield level of the green mass of annual introducents were determined, terms of formation of the mowing mass of crops in the climatic conditions of the Novgorod region. New forage plants complement the green conveyor with innovative elements, increasing the choice of forage harvesting methods.

Relevance. Evaluation of initial forms for breeding is one of the stages of the selection process. The global gene pool of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is replenished annually with hundreds of new varieties containing a different combination of genes. In this regard, it is relevant to constantly study accessions of different geographical origins according to various criteria, including productivity indicators. The research was conducted to identify genotypes for creating a new highly productive breeding material for spring barley.

Methods. The objects of study were 59 accessions of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), represented by forms from Russia, CIS countries, Europe and the USA. The study of the initial forms was carried out according to The guidelines for the study of the collection of barley and oats (VIR, 1981).

Results. As a result of the study of the spring barley initial material in condition of the Samara region (Kinel) in 2017-2019, 22 varieties were identified that are characterized by consistently high values of productivity indicator: Signal (K-30846, Altai region), Anna (K-30829, Orenburg region), T-12 (K-30990, Orenburg region), Lun’ (K-31101, Penza region), Vityaz (Samara region) — by the value of the indicator “weight thousand grain” above 40 g, recommended as sources for creating breeding material with high values of this criterions. The following varieties are recommended as sources for breeding work to increase the weight of 1000 grains, productive bushiness and plant productivity in the Middle Volga region: Veles (K-30982, Belgorod region), Volgar (K-29831, Samara region), Orlan (Samara region), Omsky 90 (K-30721, Omsk region) and Sasha (K-31110, Omsk region), Charivny (K-31063, Ukraine), KWS Tessa (Germany), AC 06/659/48/2 (Denmark), local (K-9267, Turkey).

Relevance. Agro climatic conditions play a decisive role in the formation of the yield of the green mass of sainfoin. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanism of the relationship between the plant and the external environment is relevant.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in 1971–2020 in the department of agriculture at the Prikumskaya experimental selection station. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of some agro meteorological factors on the yield of sainfoin on green fodder in the arid conditions of the Stavropol Territory.

Results. Analysis of meteorological factors over 50 years of research indicates the cyclical nature of their development in time. At the same time, a steady increase in the average annual air temperature (1.2 °C) and the annual sum of active temperatures (248 °C) was revealed. The entire growing season from April to October is dry (Hydrothermal Moisture Coefficient = 0.69), but the driest period is from July to October (Hydrothermal Moisture Coefficient = 0.55). The size of the green mass of sainfoin yield mathematically reliably depends on the amount of precipitation in August-May (r = 0.55), March-May (r = 0.47) and March (r = 0.40). The amount of precipitation in August-May in 16% of years was less than 250 mm, in 24% of years 251–301 mm, in 26% of years 302–352 and 353–403 mm and in 8% of years more than 404 mm. In March-May, in 74% of years, precipitation was 61–153 mm, in 20% of years more than 154 mm, and in March in 66% of years it dropped to 33 mm, in 22% of years 34–48 mm and in 12% of years more than 49 mm. Productivity depends not only on the amount of precipitation in the most crucial periods of ontogenesis, their distribution during the growing season, but also on many other factors. The range of yield variation with the same amount of precipitation in August-May was 13.74 — 34.11 t / ha.

Relevance. The article presents the results of studying the formation of grain quality indicators in varieties of competitive testing of spring soft wheat. The purpose of the research is to study local new varieties of spring soft wheat according to the most important quality indicators for the middle Volga region and to identify varieties that consistently form high grain quality for further breeding and seed production.

Materials and methods of researches. The object of research was 36 varieties of spring soft wheat of competitive testing, created in the Volga Scientific Research Institute of Selection and Seed-Growing named after P.N. Konstantinov. The study of varieties was carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops (1985). Grain quality indicators were determined according to current standards.

Results. The greatest variability over the years was observed in the indicators of grain vitreous (C_V = 5.40–10.0%), protein content (C_V = 3.75–10.48%) and gluten content (C_V = 7.62–10.20%), that is, in indicators that depend on growing conditions. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of varieties, valuable sources are identified that annually form high-quality grain. These are the Kinelskaya 59, Kinelskaya niva, Kinelskaya 2010, Kinelskaya yubileynaya varieties included in the register, the Kinelskaya Zarya variety undergoing State testing, and the new promising lines Erythrospermum 3898, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Erythrospermum 5289, Lutescens 6029. The varieties that were selected during the study are recommended for use in breeding programs for creating high — quality forms for contrasting weather conditions, zoned varieties — for wide use in commodity production, new lines-for preparation and transfer to State testing

Relevance. One of the most important factors that determine the effective cultivation of soybeans in the Middle Volga region is the use of modern highly productive varieties adapted to growing conditions. To create a competitive variety, it is important to select sources that are adapted to the environmental factors of a particular region.

Methods. Field experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods. All counts and observations were carried out according to the Methodological Guidelines for Studying the Collection of Legumes. In 2016–2019, 36 early maturing and medium early maturing varieties of soybeans of various ecological and geographical origin, as well as breeding material created in local conditions, were studied in the breeding nursery.

Results. It was found that the duration of the growing season over the years of study was largely determined by the duration of the flowering — ripening period (r = 0,96). Correlation analysis showed that a significant role in the formation of the yield of soybeans is played by hydrothermal conditions that develop during the generative phase of plant development. There is a high correlation between the level of yield and the average daily temperature and the sum of active temperatures (r = 0,79–0,82) during the flowering — ripening period. In the breeding nursery, the cultivars that most fully realize the genetic potential and reliably exceed the standard in productivity by 12,0–22,0% were identified: k-177, k-445/2 and IHAR-NK 88/2.

In 2017–2019 on 7 soybean varieties and 2 breeding lines of FSBSI «Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops» (FSBSI FSC LGC) the physiological mechanisms of adaptive reactions of soybean plants in contrasting meteorological conditions, influencing the formation of productivity, have been studied. The optimal area of soybean leaves for the formation of high grain productivity in unfavorable conditions of lack of heat and excess of moisture is 50 thous. m²/ha; in favorable conditions of a warm year with sufficient moisture supply, this indicator increases to 100 thous. m²/ha. In favorable weather conditions, the proportion of leaves and beans in the total plant mass increases. The adaptive reactions of the pigment complex consist in an increase in the content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids under conditions of drought and excessive illumination and carotenoids under high humidity and lack of heat and light. Two groups of varieties have been identified: 1. early ripening Lantsetnaya, Krasivaya Mecha, Osmon', distinguished by a balanced distribution of plastic substances in conditions of excessive moisture and forming a grain yield at the level of 2.5–2.8 t/ha; 2. middle-ripening Zusha, Mezenka, L-85, under these conditions, forming a large area of leaves and a mass of nodules, which leads to a decrease in grain productivity to 1.9– 2.2 t/ha. The early ripening varieties Lantsetnaya and Krasivaya Mecha have a balanced distribution of plastic substances and are able to form a high yield, both with an excess of moisture and a lack of heat, and in arid conditions. Line L-85, characterized by high values of photosynthetic and symbiotic parameters, formed the maximum yield of dry matter (12.3 t/ha) and grain (2.8 t/ha) on average over 3 years. The greatest amount of nitrogen in the vegetative organs of soybeans and in the grain accumulates in years with high humidity in comparison with favorable conditions of the growing season. Effective assimilation activity of leaves, active nitrogen fixation of nodule bacteria lead to increased accumulation of nitrogen in the grain. By the amount of crude protein in grain, the varieties Krasivaya Mecha (42.5%), Shatilovskaya 17 (41.2%) and the L-216 line (41.3%) were distinguished; for the collection of protein with a grain of 1.1 t/ha — Krasivaya Mecha and line L-85. A high positive correlation was found between the yield of the aboveground mass and the photosynthetic potential and leaf area at the level of r = 0.8–0.9; with a mass of nodules at the level — r = 0.6–0.8 for all 3 years of research. A close relationship between grain productivity and photosynthetic and symbiotic indicators was noted in a favorable 2018 at the level of r = 0.7–0.8.

Digital control of breeding process, creation of mathematical models of living objects and management of plant life cycle is an urgent problem of modern times. Сreation of technologies that ensure implementation of the concept of advanced digital "smart" agriculture is impossible without basic mathematical models of "mass interactions" of natural living objects. This primarily affects the spread of certain diseases in populations. In the plant world, such a convenient model object is the well-studied "host-pathogen" system by the example of the interaction of millet and its smut disease. At present, the knowledge of the patterns of development of this disease in the millet plant is of a qualitative nature (virulence), and the quantitative characteristics (aggressiveness) are approximate. Only mathematical modeling of this process can accurately describe the development of the disease. This paper examines a probabilistic model and certain aspects of mathematical modeling using the example of identifying the laws of horizontal resistance to smut in susceptible millet genotypes.

Relevance. The formation of the potato yield, along with a balanced diet, is significantly influenced by the physical condition of the soil, namely the hardness of the soil. As a basic option for soil decompaction, a technological method of soil cultivation to a depth of up to 40 cm using chiselless tools is currently used. As an alternative, biological means of soil decompaction can be used by introducing fields occupied by green manure crops into the crop rotation during the entire field season. The purpose of the research is to assess the effectiveness of a new technological method of soil decompaction, which consists in the use of green manure crops in potato crop rotation.

Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out from June to August 2019 on the experimental field of the IAEP in the crop rotation of growing organic potatoes. The previous cultivation was autumn plowing of the field from under perennial grasses. Yellow mustard was used as a green manure — a fast-growing one-year green manure crop.

Results. The results of experimental studies of the influence of sowing green manure (yellow mustard) on the change in soil hardness in a fallow field in a potato crop rotation are presented. The high efficiency of the studied biological method of soil decompaction was established, providing a decrease in hardness in the zone where the “plow sole” was previously noted from 4.8 to 2.5 MPa.

Relevance. The article presents a comparative analysis of methods of basic tillage-classical dump plowing and technologies of minimal and no-till tillage. Question about the benefits of minimum and zero tillage on intensive up to the present time remains controversial. However, minimum and zero tillage systems are becoming increasingly common in the world as a response to increasing degradation and reduced soil productivity.

Methods. Various publications on this topic were analyzed. Various studies show mixed results.

Results. The analysis shows the following advantages of minimum and zero processing: costeffectiveness; prevention of soil erosion; maintaining fertility in the upper soil layer; preservation of soil moisture and vertical soil structure. The use of resource-saving technologies can not only preserve soil fertility and reduce the economic costs of its cultivation, but also prevent the degradation of farmland caused by erosion processes. Resource-saving technologies mean not only the abandonment of annual moldboard plowing, but also leaving crop residues on the field, the use of integrated weed control measures, the use of scientifically based crop rotations. Failure to meet these conditions will negate the effectiveness of minimum tillage. Minimum processing continuity is of particular importance. Any soil cultivation in the transitional phase means a return to the initial phase, and this should not be allowed. To ensure high productivity of resource-saving technologies, it is necessary to apply a well-grounded crop rotation system. An important factor in the use of resource-saving technologies in agriculture is economic efficiency. As experience shows, at the same yield level (20 cwt / ha), profitability with resource-saving technologies reaches 93.7%, while with a usual one — 55.4%. A comparative analysis of the methods of basic tillage shows that the advantages of minimal and no tillage are possible only in the presence of a high culture of agriculture. These advantages are as follows: cost-effectiveness; prevention of soil erosion; maintaining fertility in the upper soil layer; preservation of soil moisture and vertical soil structure.

Relevance. In the situation of radioactive contamination, the main factor in reducing the transition of radionuclides from soil to green feed is the use of potash fertilizer, the effect of which on the yield of fodder crops in light soils with low local fertility is not sufficiently studied, therefore, the goal of the studies is to establish the role of potash fertilizer in increasing the yield of fodder crops.

Methods. Studies were carried out on lupine yellow, alfalfa variable, sudanese grass, millet, stockade beast, meadow timothy, annual raigras, oats, reed double-tine, meadow oatmeal, national team hedge in the south-west of the Bryansk region on floodplain sod cucumber, sod-podzolista.

Results. The highest productivity of 23.1–26.2 t/ha of green mass was found when cultivating yellow lupin. It was found that the best efficiency of fertilizer systems in the cultivation of fodder lands was revealed on floodplain sod stubble sandy soil, for each added kg received from 59.0 to 72.5 kg of crop increase.

Relevance and Methods. The effect of three doses of nitrogen fertilizers (N₃₀, N₆₀, and N₉₀) on the formation of a crop of vetch seeds mixed with spring wheat was studied in a field experiment in sod-podzolic sandy loam soil.

Results. In average for the study years, the yield of vetch seeds under the influence of nitrogen fertilizers decreased at the dose of mineral nitrogen 30 kg/ha by 12,7% at a dose of 60 kg/ha by 26,4% at a dose of 90 kg/ha by 36,4%, and grain yield of spring wheat increased, respectively, 1,8; 2,5 and 2,9 times. A significant decrease in the yield of vetch was observed at doses of mineral nitrogen N₆₀ and N₉₀, the yield of wheat grain significantly increased at all doses of mineral nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilizers were most effective in drought conditions, when the symbiotic fixation of air nitrogen in the crop area was weakened. Under conditions of increased moisture, nitrogen fertilizers did not provide an increase in the grain yield of the mixture, but increased the resistance of the crop to lodging, which made the mixture more technologically adapted to harvesting.

Acanthospermum hispidum DC. is a South American weed with high invasive potential that infects more than 25 major crops. As a result of the research, the phytosanitary status of the species as absent in the territory of the Russian Federation was clarified. The types of regulated products were analyzed and possible ways of A. hispidum penetration into Russia were shown in article.

This article describes the scientific and practical basis of methods of prevention and control of cotton infestation with herbivorous handcuffs in the conditions of Surkhandarya region, which is the southern region of the Republic. In other words, in order to reduce the contamination of cotton with herbicides in medium-fiber cotton varieties in Surkhandarya region, leaving the seedling thickness of 90–100 thousand bushes per hectare, timely and high-quality pruning will help significantly by reducing the spread and number of handcuffs.

Relevance. The genetic diversity of winter garlic depends entirely on the natural selection of the best and highest-yielding clones. In unfavorable abiotic factors, physiological and biochemical properties allow polyploidy plants to have greater tolerance and viability than diploid species. Obtaining the source material based on polyploidy in winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the important alternative approaches to genetic improvement of this crop.

Methods. From air garlic bulbs, plants were grown through in vitro culture. Pre-air bulbs were treated with 0.1% colchicine solution for 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours. Shoots and roots were regenerated by cultivating explants for 1/2 MS, with 3 mg / l 6-BAP and 0.1 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid and cultured in light with an intensity of 5–8 ths. LC and a photoperiod of 18 hours. Treatment of air bulbs with 0.1% colchicine solution made it possible to obtain winter garlic plants using in vitro culture.

Results. In the end, we were not able to get flowering forms from garlic using the polyploidization method. But, thanks to the cultivation of winter garlic in vitro, it became possible to accelerate the selection process by obtaining one generation per year “from clove to clove”. When working on obtaining polyploidy forms, more than one variety should be used, since the reaction of varieties to colchicine treatment is ambiguous, as is their reaction to growing conditions and survival. The most responsive for obtaining plants in vitro culture was the Yubileyny Gribovsky variety.

The article is devoted to modern innovation activity in the agro-industrial complex. The author considers the main types of innovations (scientific and technical, organizational and managerial) and prospects for innovative development during the pandemic. The author comes to the conclusion about the heterogeneous innovation activity in agriculture, as well as the great importance of organizing cooperative associations on an innovative basis.

Relevance. Currently, the environmental situation in many regions of our country leaves much to be desired. It is known that proper nutrition is the foundation of health. Products intended for a healthy diet can only be made from environmentally friendly raw materials. In this regard, the regions of Siberia are of particular interest - they are rich in forests located far from settlements, where it is possible to collect and harvest large quantities of ecologically clean wild-growing raw materials for the production of functional food products.

Materials and methods. The authors of the article analyzed the nutritional value and biochemical composition of wild-growing raw materials growing in the southern part of Eastern Siberia (Irkutsk region) on the basis of literature sources. The following raw materials were considered: blueberries (Vaccinium uliginosum), wild garlic: bear onions (Allium ursinum L.), forest mushrooms, pine nut cake and spicy-aromatic herbs – sagan-daila (Rhododendron Adamsii) and thyme (Thymus vulg?ris). Information about their nutritional value and biochemical composition is given. Based on the results of this analysis, a conclusion was made on the promising use of this raw material for the production of functional food products.

Results. The article presents the results of scientific research related to the development of functional canned food based on wild-growing raw materials growing in the southern part of Eastern Siberia (Irkutsk region). Formulations of functional sauces have been developed, information on nutritional value and data on the content of the main functional ingredients in canned food are provided.

In this article, the author examines the state and various development problems faced by small settlements, whose livelihoods and very existence are completely dependent on agricultural production. This issue is not fashionable and widespread in the scientific community, but at the same time, it is very relevant for Russian realities. The author conducts his research on the material of the village Ogusur (Teya) of the Syl Nasleg of the Churapchinsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). This is a very sparsely populated locality located in the Central part of the Republic. At the same time, all the problems that the residents of this village have to solve are typical for many in the largest region of the Russian Federation. Further socio-economic development of such settlements has always looked problematic, and in connection with the transition to the market economy of our country, their very existence is called into question. But for people who have lived on these lands for centuries, this is the only most fertile and desirable place that they will not exchange for any. From the author’s point of view, when certain conditions are created, first of all, the arrangement of their accessibility, these harsh regions can be attractive for young families. The events of recent months show that over time, such places in the Russian far East, where vast territories still remain sparsely populated, may prove very promising for the life of Russians and the upbringing of the younger generation on ecologically clean and free lands.

Relevance. The growing demand for flax seeds as a biologically active food component is explained by the rising interest to the healthy lifestyle. In this regard, the requirements for food safety of biologically active raw materials are increasing. Heat treatment of plant materials is an effective method for the eliminating of factors that reduce nutritional and biological value food components. Thermal treatment of flax seeds with infra-red irradiation (IR) is a promising direction for the stabilizing of seeds component composition. Short-term high-temperature treatment of raw materials under the influence of IR (micronization) increases the microbiological purity of raw materials. However, there is not enough information about how the biological value parameters changing. The aim of this study was to study the effect of the micronization process on the biological value of flax seeds.

Results. Total protein content of tested flax seeds did not changed after applying of IR treatment. The increase in the content of crude oil in micronized flax seeds is explained by the conversion of phospholipids into extractable lipids. A comparative analysis of the protein complex of flax seeds before and after micronization showed a change in the ratio of protein fractions: the content of the water-soluble fraction (albumin) decreased in four-times, the content of glutens, an alkali-soluble fraction, increased significantly, the content of globulins slightly increased. Around 20% of proteins passed into an insoluble residue. The adequacy of the final results of the low temperature cold-pressing and the short-term high-temperature treatment with IR radiation in the ratio of protein fractions in flax seeds was shown. Changes in the ratio of protein fractions occurring during these technological operations are similar. It was concluded that under the influence of shortterm high-temperature IR-treatment the soft denaturation of the proteins is occurred. That effect of micronization on flax seed increases the protein digestibility