The results of a microscopic examination of the internal organs of virally aborted fetuses are presented in order to determine the causes of reproductive losses in conditions of subclinical circovirus infection in sows. The material of the study was the tissues of the liver, placenta, umbilical cord, spleen and brain of abortion fetuses of sows whose pregnancy was interrupted in the last trimester of pregnancy. They had clinical signs of diseases associated with PCV-2 infection. It has been established that the PCV-2 virus has the ability to penetrate the feto-placental barrier from the mother's body; due to infection of the umbilical cord and placenta, it enters the fetus, in which it exhibits tropism in relation to the cells of the liver, spleen and brain. The development of the virus in the cells of these organs is the cause of the development of inflammatory, dystrophic and necrotic processes in them, affecting the processes of their intrauterine development, therefore in the last trimester of pregnancy, the cells of the liver, spleen and brain do not have functional properties corresponding to the duration of pregnancy, which affects their viability. The study demonstrates the role of circovirus infection in the formation of reproductive losses in sows in industrial conditions.

An increase in the number of resistant strains of mastitis pathogens Str. agalactiae and Str. uberis is one of the causes of massive subclinical and clinical mastitis in cows. The aim of the study was to study the sensitivity of field strains of Str. Agalactiae and Str. uberis to the drug based on marbofloxacin «Marboflocin 10%» (LLC «AleksAnn»), as well as to a number of the most commonly used antibacterial drugs (ABP). Sensitivity to marbofloxacin was determined by the method of serial dilutions, to other antibacterial drugs — by the disco-diffusion method. 15 samples of breast secretions from cows with a clinical form of mastitis were examined, from which 15 cultures of streptococci were isolated, including Str. agalactiae and Str. uberis — in 53.3% of the samples. All isolated cultures of Str. Agalactiae and Str. uberis were susceptible to marbofloxacin. The mean value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of marbofloxacin for cultures of Str. uberis is 0.50 µg/ml, and for Str. agalactiae — 0.44 ± 0.13 µg/ml. To other antibacterial drugs, the studied cultures of Str. uberis and Str. agalactiae showed different sensitivity, resistance to amoxicillin was revealed, incl. with clavulanic acid, tylosin 

The search for potential biomarkers that signal the state of the physiological status of the organism of highly productive cows, which are taken into account in further selection aimed at increasing the quantity and quality of dairy products, is becoming relevant in many countries engaged in dairy cattle breeding. The study was conducted on the basis of the Ladozhsky breeding plant (Krasnodar Krai) — a branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal State Budgetary Institution. Studies of blood samples were carried out on an automatic biochemical and enzyme immunoassay analyzer «Chem Well». The analysis of the expanded component composition of milk was made on the analyzer «Combi Foss 7» (IFS). Based on the results of the studies, we calculated the relationship between the component composition of milk and blood of cows. For daily milk yield, moderate positive correlations were observed with phospholipids r = 0.364, cholesterol r = 0.324, albumin r = 0.316 and magnesium r = 0.309. Moderate relationship between cholesterol and lactose was r = 0.408 and between cholesterol and SOMO r = 0.307. Direct moderate relationship r = 0.376 between lactose and ALT, r = 0.361 — albumin, r = 0.455 — phospholipids. Moderate direct correlation between trans-isomers and alkaline phosphatase was r = 0.309, chlorine — r = 0.259. Moderate inverse correlations appeared in relation to daily milk yield — erythrocytes r = 0.312. Moderate inverse correlations between transisomers and cholesterol r = -0.385, urea r = -0.428. The relationships of other components of milk and blood, both direct and inverse, turned out to be weak and very weak.

Relevance. The caucasian brown breed of cattle is the most common in Armenia. It has been bred in the republic for more than a century and, due to its low milk productivity and the form of the udder undesirable for machine milking, needs further improvement. Consequently, the study of the morphofunctional features of the udder of caucasian brown cows of various genotypes in the conditions of Armenia is necessary and relevant for science and practice.
Methods. The object of the study is the first-calf cows of the Caucasian brown breed of various genotypes. For the experiment, 4 groups of first-calf cows of various genotypes were formed, 20 heads each: the control group — purebred caucasian brown cows first-heifers; 1st experimental — half-blood crossbreeds (1/2 caucasian brown x 1/2 holstein); 2nd experimental — two-breed crossbreeds (3/4 caucasian brown x 1/4 holstein); 3rd experimental — three-breed crossbreeds (5/8 caucasian brown x 1/8 jersey x 1/4 holstein). In the second and third months of lactation, the udders of experimental groups of animals were examined and studied by visual assessment, taking measurements and calculation methods.
Results. A comparative study of the morphological features and functional properties of the udder of firstcalf cows of various genotypes has shown that the crossing of Caucasian brown cattle with producing bulls of Holstein and Jersey breeds has a positive effect on the level of milk productivity, the shape of the udder of cows and the rate of milk production, which is of great importance in industrial milk production technology.

Relevance. The black-and-white breed of cattle in our country has been improved by the Holstein breed for several decades. Along with its positive impact, there are also negative aspects of the process. Thus, the duration of the use of cows was reduced, resistance and reproduction function decreased.
In order to find breeding methods to increase the safety of cows and improve the function of reproduction, studies were carried out in herds of three regions with high bloodliness for the Holstein breed (97% HL, 3% BW) and descendants from Montbéliarde bulls (50% MB, 49% HL, 1% BW) and promising genotypes of cows were identified.
Experimental studies have been carried out since 2016 with loose and tethered animals.
In the experiment, with loose keeping in daughters from Montbéliarde bulls (genotype 50% MB, 49% HL, 1% BW), with almost equal productivity, the age of 1 calving was 41 days less, the service period was 25 days less, the safety to 2 lactations was higher, because by its beginning, 16.1% fewer cows dropped out than peers of the genotype 97% HL, 3% BW.
In herds with tethered housing and year-round exercise of cows, similar data were revealed regarding cows with loose housing, in particular, the age of the first calving, which in cows of the genotype 50% MB, 49% HL, 1% BW was 49 and 23 days less in comparison with peers of the genotype 97 % HL, 3% BW. The lactation curves of cows of two genotypes, which have almost equal milk yield per lactation, differ: in the daughters of Montbéliarde bulls, it is smoother, which favorably affects the stabilization of the reproduction function after calving.

Relevance. To improve and stabilize physiological processes in the body of pigs and increase immunity, the most affordable and optimal means of correcting the intestinal normoflora are the use of probiotics based on lactic acid bacteria in feeding.
Methods. In the experiment, an environmentally safe technology was used for growing piglets of threebreed crossing (landrace x pietren x duroc). From the age of three weeks (21 days) to 3 months (90 days), the biotechnological feed additive «Bonaka-APK-N» was introduced into the diet of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, focused on optimizing the interior and productivity, at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg and 1.0 ml kg, respectively. M. (in 21–90 days). Subsequent fattening of pigs was carried out for up to 6 months (180 days) with the introduction of the additive «Bonaka-APK-N» into the diet of pigs of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups at a dose of 1.0 ml /kg and 1.5 ml/ kg of fat, respectively. From the beginning of the experiment to the slaughter, the accounting period was 159 days. The slaughter was carried out at 6 months.
Results. The use of an additive in the diet of pigs of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups led to an increase in live weight gain compared with the control (1st group) by 16.7% and 15.3%, to an improvement in the physico-chemical parameters of pork, to an increase in the content of crude protein in muscle tissue compared with the control, respectively, by 2.8% and 1.7%; the protein quality index is significantly higher, respectively, by 23.6% and 16.4%. The analysis of the results of scientific and economic experience confirmed the efficiency of the use of the additive «Bonaka-APK-N» in the cultivation and fattening of young pigs for meat.

The article presents researches of intra-breed selection of sheep of the Stavropol breed of the Volga region in order to improve productive qualities.
The experiment was carried out in CJSC "New Life" of the Novouzensky district of the Saratov region. The research material is purebred sheep of the Stavropol breed. The studied offspring were formed: group I — from queens of the strong type, II — from queens of the tender type, III — from queens of the loose type. The evaluation of the experimental young was carried out at the age of 13–14 months. When assessing the live weight, the advantage of young animals «loose x strong» type over «tender x strong» was 11.93%, over animals «strong x strong» — 3.58%. Group I outperformed group II by 8.06%. In terms of wool shearing, sheep of group I outperformed young animals of II and III by 9.61% and 5.04%, animals of group III prevailed over II by 4.34%. According to the exterior, the descendants of the combination «loose x strong» type surpassed «strong x strong», «gentle x strong» in chest width by 12.9% and 23.16%, in chest circumference by 11.45% and 17.54%, the young «strong x strong» prevailed over «gentle x strong» in chest width by 9%, chest circumference by 5.45%. According to the downed sheep compatibility index, «loose x strong» outperformed «strong x strong», «tender x strong» by 11.38% and 11.88%. The large breast index was distinguished by the animal combinations «loose x strong» in comparison with the analogues «strong x strong», «gentle x strong» by 3.47% and 3.95%. When using intrabreed selection of sheep of the Stavropol breed, the young of combinations of parent pairs of different constitutionally productive types have well inherited the exterior and productive features of the parent individuals, which is an important factor in conducting breeding work.

Relevance. A comprehensive study of the properties of plants containing phytobiotic components will make it possible to widely use plant extracts in animal feeding as biologically active additives of the latest generation based on raw materials of natural origin. The aim of the work is to study the effect of substances isolated from an aqueous extract of oak bark (BBVECD) on mineral metabolism in the body of broiler chickens.
Methodology. The object of the study are broiler chickens of the Smena-8 cross. 120 heads of broiler chickens were selected for the experiment, which were divided into 4 groups by the method of analogues (n = 30). The control group received the basic ration (RR), I experimental — RR + BBVECD (1 ml/kg of live weight.), II experimental — RR + BBVECD (2 ml/kg of live weight.), III experimental — RR + BBVECD (3 ml/kg of live weight). The analysis of chemical elements in the obtained ash of the studied samples was carried out using the «Elan 9000» mass spectrometer and the «Optima 2000 V» atomic emission spectrometer.
Results. The results obtained in the context of the effect of BBECD on mineral metabolism in broiler chickens should be discussed in the context of already available data that a number of compounds found in plant extracts may have the ability to chelate transition metal ions, especially Fe (II) and Cu (II), which is important. During the experiment, it was shown that the introduction of oak bark extract into the diet of broiler chickens mainly led to the accumulation of macronutrients (potassium — from 0.8 to 6.24%, magnesium — from 1.02 to 7.14%, phosphorus — from 5.31 to 7.9%) and essential trace elements in muscles (cobalt — 1.5 times, chromium — 3.67 times, lithium — 1.67 times, nickel — 4 times, silicon — 1.34 times), as well as to reduce the content of toxic and conditionally toxic elements in them: aluminum — 1.62 times, lead — 2 times. In this case, the most appropriate is the use of oak bark extract in a dose of 1 ml/kg of live weight of poultry.

Relevance. The modern level of agricultural production is inconceivable without the use of chemicals: lime, mineral fertilizers. Liming acidic soils with the introduction of mineral fertilizers are important methods of complex land reclamation. Excessive acidity of the medium is one of the main reasons for low productivity of agricultural crops.
Methods. The research was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment in the Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The influence of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the background of lime aftereffect on the productivity of the crop rotation link and changes in the acidity and degree of saturation of the soil bases were studied. The experience was based on a two-factor scheme.
Results. The article says that by 2022, the aftereffects of various studied lime doses do not affect changes in the level of productivity of fodder crops of the crop rotation link: vicа-oats (vicоoats) + clover — clover 1 g. p. — clover 2 g. p. — clover 3 g. р. The total productivity is 19.6–20.8 t/ha by the factor of lime application in 1978. The greatest productivity of the studied crop rotation link is provided by triple doses of mineral fertilizers (24.4 t/ha by the standard), double and single doses provide the level of productivity of the crop rotation link in 20.0–20.1 t/ha by the standard, the cultivation of forage crops according to the natural agrophone provides a productivity level of 17.2 t/ha k. е.
The applied lime doses, when laying the experiment, by 2022 do not affect the changes in agrochemical (exchange, hydrolytic density and the degree of saturation of the soil with bases) indicators in the twenty-centimeter soil layers. The use of triple and double doses of mineral fertilizers contributes to acidifying the soil compared to options without the use of mineral fertilizers and single doses.

Relevance. The main reason for the decrease in crop yields during soil compaction is the deterioration of conditions for the formation of a powerful root system and its active activity, therefore, the physical properties of soils are important in increasing the effective fertility of soils and obtaining high yields of cultivated crops. Proper regulation of the agrophysical properties of soils is the main task of tillage. The aim of the study is to study the influence of the tillage system on the phases of development of winter wheat in the irrigated plain zone on the agrophysical indicators of meadow-chestnut soil and grain productivity.
Methods. The field experiment was carried out in the irrigated zone of the Tersko-Sulak substructure on meadow-chestnut soil. The scheme of the experiment includes a system of tillage (irrigation half-steam and half-steam) and fertilizers (at 3 levels of mineral nutrition for winter wheat).
Results. The use of irrigation half-steam and half-steam treatment systems in irrigated agriculture of the Tersko-Sulak substructure has a beneficial effect on the agrophysical properties of the soil, which are able to resist the erosion of arable land from water erosion, contributes to the productivity of winter wheat. Characterizing the evaluation of the study on tillage systems for winter wheat cultivation, the predominant indicators for the semi-steam treatment system are associated with a better content of productive moisture, agrophysical properties of soils and the introduction of mineral fertilizers, which affected the increase in yield and grain structure. Thus, an adaptive system of meadow-chestnut soil treatment under irrigation conditions has been determined.

Relevance. The current trend in the development of agricultural production is the cultivation of spring rape, as a highly profitable and export crop. Mineral nutrition is an integral part of increasing the resistance of rapeseed to adverse environmental factors, increasing and stabilizing yields.
The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of various forms and norms of mineral fertilizers on the yield and morphobiological parameters of spring rape.
Methods. Field experiments were laid on the experimental field of the North Kazakhstan Agricultural Academy in 2018–2020. The climate of the zone is arid, the sum of positive temperatures is 2400–2700 °C, the average annual precipitation is 240–330 mm, GTC is 0.8–0.7. The soil is ordinary heavy loamy chernozem with a neutral reaction, humus is 4.5–5.0%.
The object of the study is a hybrid of spring rapeseed SALSA CL F1 (00-type, medium early). Records and observations were carried out according to current state standards, as well as the methodology for conducting state variety testing of agricultural crops.
Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of various types and norms of mineral fertilizers provides an increase in the yield of spring rapeseed of 0.42–0.68 t/ha. The greatest effect was obtained for the P80:N80 nitroammophos variant, with a yield of 1.72 t/ha, exceeding the standard by 64%. These facts are confirmed by the structural analysis of the obtained crop, as well as observations of the dynamics of the increase in dry matter.

The relevance and economic significance of the development are determined by its relevance to the agroindustrial complex of Russia with the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of flax protection from diseases, replacing old fungicides with new ones, contributing to the improvement of economic indicators of flax cultivation technology.
The scientific novelty is connected with the priority of the search for acceptable technological methods for flax growing in the Russian Federation, including effective plant protection measures.
Methods. Tested during field experiments on registration tests of pesticides and determination of the effectiveness of the use of research results in agriculture.
Results. A fungicide new to flax growing, Abiga-Peak, has been identified, which has shown in field registration tests an effective protective effect against a number of flax diseases (anthracnose, ozoniosis (mottling), septoria (pasmo), aureobazidiosis (polysporosis). The positive effect of the fungicide AbigaPeak on the yield of flax products was noted. In a production environment with the use of an automated etching machine PS-10A and a spraying unit OP-18-2500 + MTZ-1221.2 even more convincingly shows an effective reliable reduction in the manifestation of flax diseases and an increase in its yield associated with the use of the drug Abiga-Peak. The treatment of flax seeds and crops with the studied preparation did not negatively affect the content of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil.

The development of legume-rhizobium symbiosystems based on the mutant pea genotype SGECdt (Pisum sativum L.) and its wild line SGE grown on a medium supplemented with toxic concentrations of Cd and Co was evaluated under the conditions of a summer greenhouse experiment. Plants were inoculated with a consortium of endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp.1Fo, nodule bacteria Rhizobiom leguminosarum bv. viciae and associative ACC-utilizing rhizobacteria Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2. Heavy metals significantly inhibited the growth of uninoculated and inoculated wild line SGE plants compared to SGECdt plants. The content of Cd in the shoots of plants of both genotypes increased in the presence of a toxic concentration of Co, while the latter, on the contrary, decreased. The same effect persisted after inoculation with microorganisms. The introduction of microbes leveled the toxic effect of heavy metals and increased the biomass in both pea genotypes in the absence of the introduction of heavy metals. The microbial consortium also contributed to an increase in the transport of biophilic microelement antagonists to the aerial organs of the pea. In general, based on the results of fractal calculation, despite growth inhibition, the wild line showed higher values of the degree of organization of microelements inside shoots and seeds than the mutant genotype. The stagnation or decrease in the microelement bioconsolidation indices in the homeostasis of shoots of the mutant line can probably be interpreted by the redistribution of the supply of food sources between the partners of the symbiostem, in favor of microsymbionts. An increase in the indicators of the bioconsolidation index in seeds can be considered a positive effect, since the best mobilization of trace elements in their cotyledons, in addition to increasing the germination energy of the offspring, will favorably affect the increase in the adaptive potential of plants.

Relevance. Increasing the cold resistance of heat-loving crops is an urgent problem of breeding. During germination, seeds and seedlings are exposed to temperature stress, which has a negative effect on plants, and therefore the duration of the growing season increases, yields and product quality decrease. The article presents experimental data on the assessment of resistance to low positive temperatures of grain sorghum, sugar and herbaceous selection «ANC “Donskoy”». The purpose of the study is to identify sources tolerant to the cold of the breeding material of grain sorghum, sugar and herbaceous.
Methods. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «ANC “Donskoy”» from 2019 to 2022. Diagnostics of cold resistance was carried out at the initial stage of plant development by a method in which seeds were germinated under the influence of low positive temperatures (8 °C), followed by their growth at an optimal temperature (25 °C).
Results. Varieties of different types of sorghum resistant to low temperatures have been identified. Seed germination at low positive temperatures was 93.4% and 91.4% for herbaceous and sugar sorghum, and 79.1% for grain sorghum. There have been identified such cold resistant samples of different sorghum samples, characterized by high germination rates and intensity of seed growth in the initial period as the grain sorghum samples (Demetra x ZSK 404/17’, Demetra x Uch. 42/20 and Demetra x ZSK 20/10), the sweet sorghum samples (Demetra x KD-388, Demetra x South and APV-1115 x KL 12198), the grass sorghum samples (APV-1115 x Ch 4, Demetra x LIK-2011 and APV 1115 x Sv. 4).

Relevance. The influence of unfavorable environmental factors is one of the reasons for the low realization of the biological capabilities of modern flax varieties in production conditions. Cultivation of flax on soils with strongly acidic (pH_KCl 4.5 and below) and neutral (pH_KCl over 6.0) reactions leads to a significant decrease in the productivity of fiber and seeds. Biotechnological methods are effective in creating new forms with altered features and properties.
Methods. The studies were conducted in vitro. The source material is seeds and hypocotyl segments of flax varieties-dolguntsa Impulse, Phoenix, Leader, S-108, Soyuz. The selective agent in the studies was aluminum salts in the form of AlCl₃ at concentrations of 0 (control — H₂O dist. / nutrient medium (without selective agent), 44 mg/l, 64 mg/l, 84 mg/l.
Results. The toxic effect of AlCl₃ on the germination of fiber flax seeds, the formation of primary roots and seedlings — hypocotyls of the varieties used was revealed. The indicator of the value indicating the length of primary roots in germinated fiber flax seeds decreased on the seventh day with an increase in the concentration of the AlCl₃ solution. The highest sensitivity to the content of aluminum ions was shown by varieties S-108, Leader and Soyuz. This was expressed in a decrease in the length of the hypocotyl with an increase in the concentration of aluminum ions in the solution. In genotypes in all variants of studies on a selective medium containing AlCl₃, a morphogenic callus was formed. The frequency of formation of morphogenic calli was different depending on the concentration of AlCl₃ in the cultivation medium. A trend towards a decrease in the number of morphogenic cells with an increase in the concentration of aluminum ions was observed in all varieties. In less sensitive varieties (Impulse and Phoenix), the amount of morphogenic callus formed was higher than in more sensitive ones (C-108, Soyuz, Leader). Under selective conditions, shoots of flax of the studied varieties resistant to AlCl₃ were obtained.

Relevance. To ensure food security, it is necessary to increase the range of varieties of domestic selection in the conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region.
Methods. The object of research is a variety of spring soft wheat Maestro. Medium-ripened, resistant to lodging and moderately resistant to diseases. The scheme of the experiment: 1. (NPK)₀ — control; 2. (NPK)₆₄ (before sowing); 3. (NPK)₆₄ (before sowing) + N₃₀ (in the phase «beginning of tillering»); 4. (NPK)₆₄ (before sowing) + N₃₀ (in the phase «the beginning of tillering») + N₁₅ (exit to the tube). The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods.
Results. It was found that the variety is well responsive to mineral nutrition. The increase in yield varied from 1.69 t/ha (NPK)₆₄ to 1.74 t/ha ((NPK)₆₄ + N₃₀). The weight of 1000 grains increased by 1.8–2.2 g, or 5.0–6.1%, the protein content in the grain — by 0.8% against the background of 0.15–0.37% with nitrogen fertilizing, the gluten content — by 1.0–2.0%. The impact on the baking qualities of grain was assessed. Sedimentation increased after application of basic fertilizer (NPK)₆₄ and additional nitrogen fertilizing ((NPK)₆₄ + N₃₀, (NPK)₆₄ + N₃₀ + N₁₅) by 3–6 ml, or by 8.1–16.2%, the maximum overpressure (P) is 4.2–8.3%, the deformation energy of the test (W) is 13.7–22.4% higher than the control. Correlation analysis was carried out and strong significant correlations were revealed in the indicators «yield» and «gluten content in grain» (r = 0.97), «yield with sedimentation» (r = 0.99), «protein content in grain» and «maximum excess pressure» (r = 0.99). The calculated coefficient of variation (Cv), according to all signs studied in the experiment, did not exceed 10%.

The weight of a complex of unfavorable factors negatively affects the quality and sustainability of the resulting fruit products. One of the ways to increase the resistance of perennial plantations is the cultivation and introduction of apple varieties into the assortment that are complexly resistant to dominant diseases and stress factors. The main important property of varieties is the commercial quality and biochemical composition of fruits, which determine the main directions and taste qualities. Observations by IMI revealed patterns in the passage of the main phenological phases of the development of apple varieties, characterizing the greatest intervarietal variability, determined the dates characterizing the beginning and end of flowering, depending on the ripening period. The earliest flowering (13.04) and a long 16 days was noted in the summer variety of the Feya apple tree, and later in the late ripening Renet Simirenko (27.04) with a flowering time of eight days. Apple-tree varieties with high resistance to scab and powdery mildew were selected according to the ripening time: summer — Fortuna, autumn — Carmen and Talisman, winter — Talida, Nika. Identification of varietal characteristics of commercial qualities of fruits by attractiveness (fruit weight, taste, appearance) and varieties with a high content of dry matter (Fortuna, Nika), vitamin C — flying varieties Feya, Fortuna (17.0–14.5 mg / 100 g) were selected.

The main criterion of the country's food security is the stable provision of the population with high-quality food products using scientific developments. For Kazakhstan and Russia, grain is the main agricultural raw material, and grain-based products are one of the main inexpensive sources of nutrients. Bread is a fundamental product in the diet of most citizens of Russia and Kazakhstan, therefore, improving its nutritional properties and creating functional products based on it is an urgent task for the food industry. The paper presents the results of a study on the development of bread products with the addition of a leguminous mixture on sourdough. The leguminous mixture consists of seven cereals and legumes: oats, corn, millet, buckwheat, soy, peas (mash), Chinese beans. Four samples of bread were made with the addition of 5%, 7%, 10%, 12% leguminous mixture to the mass of wheat flour on sourdough and control samples. It has been established that the use of bread with the addition of a 10% leguminous mixture on sourdough contributes to the increase in the nutritional and biological value of products in terms of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, dietary fiber and minerals, which allows more efficient use of raw plant resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russia.

Relevance. Natural preservatives such as salt or sugar can be harmful to human health if consumed in excess. Artificial preservatives often use synthetic chemicals that are considered safe by the FDA. A more serious health problem associated with artificial preservatives is that they are often found in unhealthy, processed foods.
Methods. The monographic method was used in the work, as well as methods of analysis, systematization, comparison, generalization. The search for data sources was carried out in scientific electronic libraries and search engines eLIBRARY.ru, Science Direct, Scopus, ResearchGate and Cyberleninka portals.
Results. Apple peel extract showed high antioxidant activity and effectively slowed down lipid oxidation. At a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml, the OH removal activity was 57%. The antibacterial activity of sea buckthorn seeds is 200–350 mcg/ml, expressed in a minimum inhibitory concentration against various grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, the antioxidant activity is 40,379–93,473, expressed as a percentage.
Antioxidant phenolic compounds present in the seeds and skins (meal) of grapes account for 60–70% of the total polyphenols in grapes.
Total antioxidant activity for black currant leaves. was 44.51 ± 1.72%.
Summing up the comparison of the antioxidant activity of the selected sources, we can conclude that the source that showed the highest antioxidant activity is grape cake. However, if we pay attention to the climatic factor, in the conditions of the Russian Federation it is most expedient to use the peel of apples with an antioxidant activity of 57%, in view of the abundance of this product and the ease of its cultivation

Relevance. The problems of food security of the Russian Federation and directly causing such security of the development of the agro-industrial complex and the agrarian sector of the economy of individual territories that are part of our country in the conditions of a significant degree of integration of the domestic economy into the world economy and foreign policy challenges of recent years are of particular relevance, since they are in close relationship with national security issues and largely determine not only the potential for the general economic growth of the state, but also the level of social tension existing within it. In this regard, the importance of studying the trends in the development of the agrarian sector of the economies associated with individual territories is growing.
Methods. The study of development trends in the agricultural sector of the economy of the Volga Federal District was carried out using a number of general scientific methods. In the course of the study, general logical and empirical methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, formalization, generalization and comparison, cluster analysis were used.
Results. The most important trends in the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation from the point of view of national food security have been identified, a significant degree of import dependence of a number of agricultural production clusters has been shown, and the need for advanced import substitution in this area has been substantiated.