Infectious viral respiratory diseases in cattle — including bovine parainfluenza-3, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection — are among the most prevalent pathologies in livestock farming, causing substantial economic losses.
Currently, the foreign-origin vaccine Hiprabovis4 is the only product available on the domestic market for preventing these diseases. However, its dependence on external supply renders it an unreliable tool for controlling economically significant respiratory infections, as availability may be disrupted or even completely halted.
Thus, creating a domestic, fullfledged analogue of this vaccine is a critical task to safeguard cattle from these diseases in the Russian Federation.
The presented studies evaluated the domestic vaccine ARRIAHBoviResBRSV and confirmed its effectiveness. This paper describes the determination of its immunizing dose, route of administration, antigenicity, and safety for cattle. Testing was conducted on naturally susceptible animals, and antigenicity was assessed using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the ARRIAHBoviResBRSV vaccine induces specific antibodies against the component viruses without causing pathological changes at the injection site. The proposed immunization regimen — two intramuscular administrations of 2 mL given 21 days apart — was shown to provide stable immune protection within 35 days after the start of vaccination.

Relevance. Gastrointestinal diseases are widespread in cats. Sucralfate is a promising gastroprotective agent, but data on its tolerability in cats with prolonged use are limited.The aim of the study was to experimentally evaluate the safety and tolerability of the veterinary drug “GastroPro” (sucralfate, 10%, AleksAnn LLC, Russia) with prolonged oral administration to clinically healthy cats at the maximum therapeutic and three-fold increased doses.
Methods. The study included 18 clinically healthy outbred cats (1–5 years), divided into 3 groups (n = 6) by the analogue principle: a control group and two experimental groups. The drug was administered orally for 42 days at a daily dose of 7.5 ml (group 1) or 22.5 ml (group 2) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (fixed dose regardless of body weight). General condition, hematological, biochemical and urinalysis parameters were monitored.
Results. No signs of intoxication were observed. In some animals, short-term hypersalivation and episodes of vomiting were recorded (probability 0.09–0.40% per day), not accompanied by changes in general condition or laboratory parameters. After 6-week administration of the three-fold dose, a trend towards a decrease in blood phosphorus within the physiological norm was noted (by 16.7%, p > 0.05).
Conclusions. The data obtained indicate good tolerance of the drug “GastroPro” in clinically healthy cats with long-term use at therapeutic and higher doses. Limitations: the small sample size makes it difficult to accurately extrapolate the frequency of potential adverse events in the general population. Further safety assessment will be carried out as part of the following studies and pharmacovigilance.

This study examined the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of the fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin and levofloxacin, as well as their combination, on the formation of bacterial biofilms in Escherichia coli upon induction of the SOS response. The study involved 46 clinical isolates of E. coli, isolated from various farm animal habitats, as well as the reference strain E. coli JW5503 (ΔtolC), carrying the TurboRFP fluorescent reporter system. Biofilm formation was quantified using gentian violet staining followed by optical density measurement, and SOS response activation was recorded using a transilluminator and fluorescence microscopy. It was found that the optical density of the reference strain increased from 0.26 ± 0.05 to 0.50 ± 0.04 (an increase of 92.3%; p < 0.05) under the influence of enrofloxacin, and to 0.462 ± 0.06 (an increase of 76.9%; p < 0.05) under the influence of levofloxacin, which corresponded to the transition from a low to a moderate degree of biofilm formation.  Upon exposure of the studied clinical isolates to enrofloxacin (0.125 µg/mL), the maximum increase in biofilm biomass was observed, amounting to 40.2% (p < 0.01), whereas levofloxacin induced a dose-dependent decrease in this parameter by 39.8% at a concentration  of 0.25 µg/mL (p < 0.01). Combined administration of enrofloxacin and levofloxacin to the clinical isolates resulted in the most pronounced enhancement of biofilm formation, reaching 61.2% relative to control values (p <  0.01). 

Relevance. Variability in the metabolic and hormonal status of cows before and during early pregnancy modulates the microenvironment of the reproductive organs, which may affect the viability of oocytes and developing embryos when stimulating single or multiple ovulation.
Methods. To study blood lipid and steroid profiles in relation to the yield of in vivo derived (IVD) embryos, 43 polyovulation stimulation cycles in 33 heifers and 44 cycles in 26 cows were analyzed. Blood collection for analysis of the hormone and lipid content was performed on the 1st day of artificial insemination (AI) and 7 days later. According to the morphological assessment of IVD embryos, all cycles were divided into 3 types: I — > 5 suitable for transplantation morulae and blastocysts (M+BL); II — 2–5 M+BL and III — 0–1 M+BL.
Results. In cows, in type I cycles, on the 7th day after AI, the total cholesterol content in the blood was 1.2 times lower than in type III cycles, and the progesterone concentration exceeded that in type II and III cycles (1.8 and 5.4 times, respectively). In heifers, in type I cycles, one week after AI, the progesterone level was 2.1–2.2 times higher than in type II and III cycles, but the cholesterol concentration did not differ and was 2.3–2.4 times lower than in cows.  Thus, cholesterol levels exceeding 6.7 mmol/L in the blood of cows one week after insemination could negatively affect the quality of IVD embryos. 

Relevance. The jejunum plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in broiler chickens; its histomorphometric characteristics vary depending on age and the specific crossbreed. Studying the histoarchitectonics of this part of the intestine provides a theoretical basis for developing feeding programs that ensure the realization of the bird’s genetic productivity potential. This determines the relevance of the research.
Methods. The object of the study is broiler chickens of the «Smena 9» and «Ross 308» crossbreeds during the periods of industrial rearing. The material of the study is the jejunum of 10-, 21-, and 32dayold chicks, the morphogenesis of which was assessed using histological, morphometric, and statistical methods.
Results. It has been established that in broiler chickens of the «Smena 9» and «Ross 308»crossbreeds, the jejunum retains anatomical integrity and typical histoarchitecture at 10, 21, and 32 days of age (villi and crypts lined with a singlelayer cylindrical epithelium containing goblet cells; the submucosal layer consists of loose connective tissue). Crossspecific features have been identified: the «Ross 308» cross showed a significantly higher number of goblet cells (1.41–2.40 times) and lymphoid nodules (on day 21) compared to the «Smena 9» cross. Age is the dominant factor in the variability of most morphometric parameters  (η² = 84.49–98.99 %), while the dynamics of the indicators differ between the crosses: For «Smena 9», a number of parameters demonstrate a peak by day 21, followed by a decline; for «Ross 308», there is a steady growth. The influence of the “cross” factor on morphometric indicators varies with age and determines the formation of the secretory and cryptal potential of the intestinal wall. The data obtained indicate genetically determined differences in the morphogenesis of the jejunum in the «Smena 9» and «Ross 308» crossbreeds and can be used to optimize feeding programs and improve the efficiency of broiler meat production.

Relevance. The hare is one of the most popular hunting trophies in Eurasia, and its meat has traditionally been used by hunters for personal consumption as a dietary and environmentally friendly product. However, the fragmentary nature of scientific data on its safety creates potential health risks, necessitating a systematisation of information on the nutritional value, regulatory framework, and chemical contamination of hare meat.
Methods. A search for relevant publications was conducted using keywords in Scopus, PubMed, eLibrary, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect databases, as well as in open sources and legal acts. Works containing data on chemical composition, vitamin and mineral profiles, radionuclides, pesticides, as well as on hunting regulations and veterinary sanitary inspection of hare meat in Russia, the EU, the USA, Canada, Kazakhstan and China were analysed.
Results. Hare meat is characterised by high protein content (13.5–23.8 g/100 g), low fat (1.1–12.8 g/100 g) and cholesterol (62.7–90 mg/100 g) levels, and a rich micronutrient composition (Fe, Co, Mn, P), confirming its dietary potential. The chemical composition is shown to depend on the region, season and age of the animal. In Russia, Kazakhstan and the EU, hare hunting is permitted, but mandatory postmortem veterinary sanitary inspection is either absent or not fully implemented (with the exception of trichinellosis control in the EU). In areas of radioactive contamination (the Chernobyl NPP, uranium mines), elevated concentrations of Cs-137 (up to 4.29 kBq/kg) and Ra-226 have been detected in the muscles and bones of hares, while residues of organochlorine pesticides (DDT, HCB, HCH) and modern fungicides have been found in industrially developed regions, with their levels correlating with the age of the animals. It is concluded that radiological and chemical control of hunting products in contaminated areas is necessary, as well as informing hunters and consumers about potential risks. 

The article examines the potential of video surveillance systems for contactless monitoring of cow behavior under dairy farm conditions. The aim of the study was to systematize data on the daily time budget of tethered cows and to determine approximate values of the main behavioral acts suitable for automated animal condition monitoring. The study included an analysis of scientific literature and the authors’ own observations of the daily behavior of 254 Black-and-White cows divided into three production groups: lactating cows, first-lactation cows, and young stock. For the comparative analysis, 41 publications containing quantitative data on rest, feeding, drinking, rumination, and locomotor activity were selected.Based on the comparison of published and original data, it was found that the most significant components in the structure of the daily time budget of cows are rest, feeding, rumination, drinking, and locomotor activity. Differences between published and original data were identified for certain activity types, which made it possible to determine approximate ranges of time-budget indicators for different animal groups. Based on the comparison of published and original data, a table of approximate changes in time-budget indicators was compiled; these changes may be considered behavioral signs of animal distress. The obtained results are of interest for the development of automated video monitoring systems and require further verification under clinically confirmed observation conditions.

Relevance. With the intensification of livestock production, molecular genetic methods are becoming increasingly important in the breeding of farm animals. In dairy sheep breeding, the use of genetic markers enables early assessment of productive potential; however, data on the genetic factors determining milk quality traits in local breeds, including the Dagestan Mountain breed, remain limited.
Methods. The study included Dagestan Mountain sheep (n = 40) and their Lacaune crossbreds (n = 60). Genotyping of the PRL, β-LG, and LEP genes was performed using PCR–RFLP analysis. The physicochemical properties of milk were evaluated in 14 purebred and 31 crossbred ewes, while the fatty acid composition was analysed in 8 and 19 animals, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using standard biometric methods.
Results. Purebred sheep showed a predominance of the B allele of the PRL gene (91.3%) and the G allele of the LEP gene (96.3%), whereas the β-LG gene was characterised by a more balanced allele distribution (A, 36.3%; B, 63.8%) and an expected heterozygosity of 46.2%. In crossbred animals, the frequency of the T allele of the LEP gene reached 15.0%. Dagestan Mountain sheep exceeded the crossbreds in milk fat content by 14.6% (p  ≤  0.05), solids-notfat content by 22.5% (p  ≤  0.01), and milk energy value by 8.2% (p  ≤  0.05). In contrast, milk protein content was 17.9% higher in the crossbred sheep (p  ≤  0.001). Differences in the fatty acid profile were observed in the concentrations of individual short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids. Among the crossbred animals, carriers of the AA genotype of the β-LG gene had 38.2% higher total solids content and 20.5% higher milk energy value than carriers of the BB genotype (p  ≤  0.05). No statistically significant differences among genotypes were detected in the purebred sheep.

Relevance. Recently, conservation agriculture practices that minimize human intervention in the soil cover, such as direct seeding, have been introduced. These practices are often combined with biologization elements, which can further increase nutrient availability. However, the impact of these practices on copper distribution in the soil-soybean system has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of direct seeding practices (without intercrops, as well as with spring and winter intercrops) on copper content and distribution in the soil, roots, and aboveground biomass of soybean plants.
Methods. The study was conducted on leached chernozems using four different practices: conventional tillage, direct seeding, and direct seeding with spring and winter intercrops. Sampling was conducted in June, July, and September. Copper content was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Results. Copper concentrations in the soil, roots, and aboveground soybean biomass varied significantly depending on the sampling period and the agricultural technology used. Biologization-based technologies accumulated the element better during certain growth periods. Fertilization had no clear positive effect, and in the case of winter cover crops, it led to a 10–40% decrease in copper content. In soybeans grown with cover crops, copper content in June and July was generally no lower than in the case of traditional tillage or direct seeding.

The high need for herbicidal treatment on spring triticale crops in the Leningrad region and the limited range of herbicides make research relevant to find effective drugs for use in this crop. According to the results of studies conducted in the fields of the Menkovsky branch of the Agrophysical Research Institute in the period 2021–2024, it was determined that the use of the herbicide Ballerina Super, SE at a rate of 0.3 l/ha during the tillering phase of spring triticale was an effective measure both in reducing the number of weeds and their phytomass. The decrease in the growth density and phytomass of perennial dicotyledonous species ranged from 52.7 to 80.9% and 82.7–97.3% over the years, and in juvenile dicotyledonous species — from 64.7 to 82.4% and 68.4 to 94.0%. According to the research results, a group of weed species sensitive to this herbicide has been identified, which include common shepherd’s purse, wild radish, white marsh, and field violet. The effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizer did not lead to regular changes in the effectiveness of herbicide treatment. The value of the preserved crop from herbicidal treatment varied from 7.0–20.5% and only in one of the years, against the background of a thinned Swedish oatmeal, it amounted to 71%. The economic effect of the herbicide application was achieved mainly due to the increased density of the productive stem (by 2.2–59.6%), to a lesser extent — the mass of grain formed by the ear (by 1.7–8.5%).

Relevance. Protein and gluten content, and grain hardness are among the key indicators which determine the commercial value of durum wheat varieties. The study of these parameters is of great interest for selection and development of new varieties with improved nutritional and technological characteristics. The purpose of the current work was to evaluate winter durum wheat varieties according to quality indicators and determine the variability of these traits under different cultivation conditions. The study was conducted in the southern part of the Rostov Region from 2021 to 2025 on 12 varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy”.
Results. The highest values of protein percentage were recorded in the varieties Khrizolit (14.80%), Amazonka (14.87%) and Diona (14.91%); the highest values of gluten content were demonstrated by the varieties   Karotinka (28.1%), Diona (28.1%), Amazonka (28.2%), Agat Donskoy (28.2%), Kristella (28.6%); highest values of hardness were identified in the varieties Diona, Kristella, Pridonie, Karotinka, Grafit and Amazonka (85-89%). The values of the coefficients of variation (less than 10%) in protein and gluten content have shown their weak variability, while hardness, on the contrary, is characterized by significant variability over the years (Cv=19.9-25.6%). The analysis of variance has shown that the variability of these characteristics is determined mainly by the factor “year” with 62.30% (protein), 50.04% (gluten), 91.39% (hardness). Linear regression coefficients and variances have shown the value of the varieties Pridonie, Dinas, Diona, Kristella, Grafit, and Amazonka as highly flexible and stable varieties in their quality indicators. The varieties Karotinka and Diona are characterized by a combination of high values of protein (14.50% and 14.91%), gluten (28.1%), grain hardness (88% and 85%), and productivity (8.89-8.92 t/ha).

Relevance. This study aims to increase the productivity of the Lyudmila hemp variety by adjusting seeding rates and applying foliar fertilizers. The impact of these agricultural practices on key yield indicators is analyzed.
Methods. Methods. To optimize the technological parameters of the new variety, studies were conducted to determine optimal seeding rates based on practical recommendations. The methodological basis for the scientific experiment was the guidelines for conducting field and pot experiments with hemp (1980). Statistical processing of the experimental data was performed using the methods of dispersion and correlation analysis according  to B.A. Dospekhov (1985) and the Agros software package.
Results. The Humate Plus preparation demonstrated the best results in terms of plant survival. Super Bor, Maxi Nitrogen, and Profi NPKS fertilizers most effectively stimulated plant height growth and leaf area expansion. A direct correlation (r=0.86) was found between plant height and leaf area, confirming the importance of growth stimulation during the early stages of development for maximizing yield potential. The maximum seed yield  (up to 1.67 t/ha) was achieved with a seeding rate of 2 million seeds/ha, coupled with foliar fertilization with Super Bor and Profi NPKS. A high stem yield was achieved with a seeding  rate of   3 million seeds/ha. Fertilizers with high levels of macronutrients (NPK) and boron  were the most effective for stem harvesting: Super Bor (increased yield by 3.4 t/ha) and Profi NPKS (increased yield by 2.4 t/ha). 

Relevance. Potato is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, playing a key role in ensuring food security. The realization of the genetic potential of variety productivity directly depends on the quality of planting material. The most effective solution  for the problem of infection accumulation during traditional propagation is the method of microclonal propagation in vitro followed by cultivation under protected ground conditions.
Methods. The study was fulfilled in Perm  Agricultural Research Institute. The objects of the study were nine potato varieties of food purpose from three maturity groups (early, mediumearly, medium-ripening) of Russian, Belarusian, and German breeding. Meristem plants cultured in vitro on Murashige–Skoog medium for 28 days (t = 21–24 °C, 16-hour photoperiod) were used for planting. The plants were placed to 5 L containers with a peat mixture and grown in the greenhouse. Minitubers were counted by fractions (9–20, 21–40, more than 41 mm). The content of dry matter, starch, and simple sugars was determined according to National Standards. Statistical data processing was performed using analysis of variance.
Results. Significant intervarietal differences in productivity, fractional composition, and biochemical parameters of minitubers were defined. The highest number of minitubers per plant was formed by varieties Mastak (7.9 pcs.) and LeL (6.4 pcs.). The varieties Sevim (64.2 g), Garantiya (58.8 g), and Nevsky (57.9 g) were characterized by the maximum average mass of minitubers. In the leading Varieties Grand (28.3% and 19.2%) and Mastak  (27.3% and 19.0%) were the leaders in terms of dry matter and starch content.

Relevance. Ultrasonic processing, based on the phenomenon of acoustic cavitation, is an effective method for enhancing heat and mass transfer in food processing. However, traditional singlefrequency systems often generate standing waves with alternating nodes and antinodes of acoustic pressure, which leads to field inhomogeneity, instability of the effect, and limits the precision of process control at industrial scale. The aim of this study is to summarize and systematize data on the molecular mechanisms of action and practical applications of multi-frequency ultrasound (MFUS) in the food industry, as well as to explain its advantages over single-frequency modes.
Methods.  Scientific publications from 2015–2025, indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were selected for this review. A critical analysis of studies on acoustic field formation, cavitation characteristics, and the influence of parameters (frequency/frequencies, power, mode, and reactor geometry) on the properties of food matrices and process parameters was conducted.
Results. A review of scientific research results showed that multi-frequency high-intensity ultrasound (MFUS) ensures a more uniform distribution of cavitation activity and reduces the negative effects associated with standing waves. It was found that the effectiveness of MHIU is notdue to the simple summation of the effects of different frequencies, but to nonlinear interactions leading to synergy: cavitation stabilization, expansion of the effective processing zone, and increased reproducibility. This improves process efficiency across a wide range of applications — from protein modification and structuring of dispersed systems to processing complex food tissues — while maintaining product quality. Multi-frequency high-intensity ultrasound can be considered a promising platform for modernizing food technologies. Industrial implementation requires in-depth research into molecular mechanisms, standardization of processing parameters, and the development of intelligent control systems to ensure controllability and scalability.

In the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation, pig breeding is developing as a highly intensive industry. Large enterprises produce 95% of the regional pig production. The crisis of overproduction, European sanctions and reduced state support for the industry have led to a significant decline in production efficiency. In 2019, only the agricultural holding Velikolukskiy Svinovodcheskiy Kompleks had a high return on sales — 19.2%. Other enterprises had low profitability, and 6 pig complexes were unprofitable. Over the period 2019–2025, the situation changed significantly: enterprises not part of the agricultural holding Velikolukskiy Svinovodcheskiy Kompleks achieved high profitability. The highest profitability indicator is at LLC Pribaltiyskaya Myasnaya Kompaniya Tri — 38.7%. The average return on sales for large enterprises was 26.3%. Financial stability and independence have been achieved. Enterprises increase assets at the expense of their own funds. A high share of loans is observed at enterprises that have just begun restoring production or have started reconstruction. The following factors contributed to improving the efficiency of enterprises: the agricultural holding Velikolukskiy Svinovodcheskiy Kompleks is actively increasing exports, and its pressure on the regional market has decreased; enterprises that started the transition to new technologies in 2019–2020 successfully completed it and gained a foothold in the market; foreign companies that invested in pig breeding did not withdraw their assets during the sanctions period; most pig breeding enterprises organized product processing. Large pig breeding enterprises have achieved the parameters of sustainable development, but their share in pork production is small — 20%. 

Relevance. Meat production is a strategic sector of food security, yet it remains vulnerable to macroeconomic instability, climate change, and evolving trade regulations. Objective — based on a comparative analysis of FAO, USDA, and OECD forecasts, to identify key trends and discrepancies in projections for global and Russian meat markets.
Methods. The study employed monographic and statistical methods, comparative analysis, and expert assessments. The information base comprised data from FAO, USDA, OECD, Rosstat, the Federal Customs Service, and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia for  2018–2025, with a forecast horizon up to 2034. To assess relationships, Pearson correlation analysis and quantile regression models with time lags were applied.
Results. Global meat production is projected to reach 406 million tons by 2034 (+10%), with poultry maintaining its leading position (40.3% in 2025). Discrepancies between FAO and USDA forecasts were identified (up to 42.9% for poultry meat), driven by differences in offal accounting methodologies. Statistically significant correlations were established for Russian livestock sectors: a strong negative correlation between feed prices and swine inventory (r=–0.91), a positive correlation between subsidies and swine inventory (r=+0.67), and a notable correlation between imports of breeding stock and cattle inventory (r=+0.58). Russia’s share in global production does not exceed: beef — 2.3%, pork — 3.6%, poultry — 4.6%. In the Russian Federation, cattle slaughter decreased by 3.5% in 2025, while poultry output increased by 1.6%. A differentiated approach to government support is proposed, which takes into account the varying sensitivity of livestock subsectors to imports of breeding stock: for pork and poultry production, priority should be given to subsidising feed costs and working capital, while for beef cattle farming, support should focus on developing domestic breeding stock and import substitution. Sustainable development of the meat market requires adapting forecasting methodologies to the purpose of analysis — using USDA data for export strategy planning and FAO data for monitoring domestic food security — as well as expanding targeted support measures for processing enterprises and increasing exports to Southeast Asian countries.

Relevance. The study of food provision remains highly relevant from a scholarly perspective, since aggregate indicators of production and self-sufficiency do not allow for a full assessment of the actual accessibility of food for the population. In Russia, this issue is particularly important due to interregional differences in income levels, consumption patterns, transport accessibility, and the dynamics of consumer food prices. Under these conditions, the analysis of food provision requires consideration not only of production-related parameters, but also of price, income, and consumption characteristics that make it possible to identify constraints on the economic accessibility of food.
Methods. The empirical basis of the study consists of official statistical data from the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System and the Federal State Statistics Service, covering household income, the cost of the minimum food basket and the fixed consumer basket, the structure of consumer expenditures, consumption of major food products, the level of food self-sufficiency, and the dynamics of consumer prices. The study employs comparative, dynamic, and structural methods of analysis, as well as a sequential comparison of income, consumption, and price indicators.
Results. It was found that between 2003 and 2025, the share of the cost of the conditional minimum food basket and a fixed basket of consumer goods and services in the average per capita income of the population at constant prices decreased by approximately half. The persistently high share of food expenditures in the structure of consumer spending indicates significant sensitivity of the population to rising food prices. It was shown that a high level of self-sufficiency for certain types of products is not always accompanied by a corresponding level of actual consumption. This is most clearly observed in the fish and fish products segment, where a relatively high level of self-sufficiency coexists with low consumption and rising prices for selected products.  

Relevance. Regions specialising in agriculture form their budget revenues while the national gross grain harvest changes from year to year by tens of millions of tonnes, and most leading agricultural producers receive federal equalisation grants. The aim of the study was to assess the budgetary risks of agrarian regions arising from the year-to-year variability of the gross grain harvest and from the mismatch between the location of production, exports and the grant position of the regions, and to substantiate the differentiation of budgetary and agricultural policy instruments by type of region. 
Methods. The coefficient of variation, the linear trend and the probability of a poor harvest were calculated from Rosstat data on gross harvests of grain and leguminous crops  for 2020–2025. The concentration of production and of agri-food exports was measured by the share of the ten leading regions. The regions were grouped using the list of the Ministry  of Finance of Russia and the rating of the Agroexport Federal Centre. 
Results. No statistically significant trend in the gross harvest was found (p = 0.765); the coefficient of variation was 9.7%, and the probability of a harvest below 130 million tonnes was 0.288. The ten leading regions account for 67.9% of exports and 38.9% of production. Of the ten largest producers, only Belgorod Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan receive no equalisation grant in 2025. It is shown that the budgetary risk of an agrarian region is realised through expenditure obligations rather than through tax revenues, and therefore policy instruments are differentiated across the four identified types of regions. 

Relevance. The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia estimates the annual personnel demand of the agro-industrial complex at 150–160 thousand people, while public estimates of the share of agricultural university graduates entering the sector range from 13 to 70%. The contribution of the university training segment to covering this demand has not been quantified, and the retention target has been related neither to the scale of the demand nor to its structure by qualification level. 
Methods. A balance model of personnel reproduction with a lag between admission and graduation and with first-year outflow; the parameters are taken from the data of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and Rosstat; scenario and inverse calculations; decomposition of the demand by the educational level of the employed; one-way sensitivity analysis. 
Results. With an admission of 73.6 thousand people and a graduation share of 0.636, the annual output is 46.8 thousand graduates. At a retention of 0.13 the university segment covers 3.8–4.1% of the total demand, at the target retention of 0.70 it covers 20.5–21.8%, and at complete retention 29.3–31.2%. The demand for specialists with higher education (15.3% of the employed) is covered at a retention of 0.49–0.52; the remaining 84.7% of the demand falls on workers with secondary vocational education and without vocational education, whom the university segment does not train. The spread of public retention estimates shifts the result by 8.2 percentage points, whereas admission, attrition, first-year outflow and demand shift it by no more than 1.2 points each. Three testable hypotheses on the determinants of retention are formulated for the empirical stage.