Relevance. The results of the study of the oral toxicity of the medicinal product for veterinary use «Enrocolitrim» on laboratory rodents are presented. Studies of acute toxicity in mice and rats with the determination of the hazard class are described, as well as data on the study of subchronic toxicity of the drug for 14 days in laboratory rats are presented.

Methods. To determine the acute toxicity of the drug, 36 outbred rats and 50 outbred mice were used. «Enrocolytrim» was administered using an intragastric tube at doses that allow revealing a dose-dependent effect to assess LD₅₀. Toxicity parameters were calculated according to the method of Kerber, Miller and Teintner, the nature and severity of signs of animal intoxication were visually assessed for 14 days. In a subchronic experiment, the study drug «Enrokolitrim» was studied on 40 outbred rats, of which 3 experimental and 1 control groups were formed. During the experiment, the rodents were weighed, signs of intoxication were recorded, and blood samples were taken for morphological and biochemical analyzes. Dead and euthanized animals were subjected to autopsy.

Results. The obtained LD₅₀ values with a single oral administration of the drug «Enrocolitrim» to rats and mice allowed it to be assigned the 4th hazard class – lowh–azard substances (GOST 12.1.007-76). In a subchronic 14-day experiment on rats, it was found that the dose of «Enrocolitrim» 1243 mg/kg with intragastric administration is toxic, and doses of 621.5 mg/kg and 248.6 mg/kg are inactive (safe).

Relevance. A rare, predominantly congenital pathology Fusion of the tympanic part of the temporal bone with the medial surface of the angle of the mandible leads to irreversible pathological processes in the maxillofacial region, which significantly reduces the quality of life of the animal. The article discusses surgical correction options that can improve the dog’s quality of life. A timely procedure increased the comfort of existence and improved the general health of the animal, eliminating discomfort, otitis media and pain.

Methods. The method of choice was technically complex bilateral subtotal mandibulectomy. To perform the procedure, the following were used: surgical dental instruments; dental unit with high-speed and low-speed handpieces; various types of bur. For extra- and intraoral radiography, the following were used: CR7Vet X-ray digitizer with luminoform plates (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); combined general anesthesia with the use of narcotic and potent drugs.

Results. The solution of this problem is possible only operationally, therefore, the method of choice was bilateral subtotal mandibulectomy, the evaluation of which served as the purpose of the study. As a result of the procedure, already on the 14th day, the dog had activity, satisfactory well-being, and no problems with taking food and water. The study of the results of the study showed that the pathology requires immediate intervention, since the outcome of the fusion of the tympanic part of the temporal bone with the medial surface of the angle of the lower jaw in a few weeks can lead to inoperable.

Relevance. Providing the population of the country with full-fledged food products of its own production is an important task facing the employees of the agro-industrial complex of the country. Such a product is milk. Milk is obtained mainly from dairy cows of productivity, the improvement of breeding qualities of which is due to the use of the global gene pool of the Holstein breed. The widespread use of Holstein bulls of various breeding breeds in the breeding of dairy cattle and the study of their influence on the productive qualities of daughters are relevant and have both scientific and practical interest.

Methods. A comparison of the productivity of the daughters of four bulls-producers – Alta Bloomberg (country of origin – USA), Bourbon (Denmark), Norton (Germany) and Lisborn (Canada). Dairy productivity (milk yield, fat content, protein in milk) of cows was controlled by control milking, reproductive capacity – by the duration of the service period and the coefficient of reproductive capacity.

Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the difference in milk yield between the peers of bulls-producers is unreliable, but there is a tendency for higher milk yields in the daughters of Alt Bloomberg, Norton and Lisborn, relative to Bourbon. In the milk of the daughters of Alt Bloomberg and Norton, the indicators for MJ in milk are higher (p ≤ 0.05–0.01), and Bourbon – MDB (p ≤ 0.01 in favor of the daughters of Bourbon). A significant difference in the age of achieving the first insemination was revealed between the groups of daughters of the evaluated bulls in favor of Bourbon daughters (Denmark) at p < 0.05–0.01. They reached the required body weight at the age of 12.9 months, which is 0.4–1.2 months faster. The daughters of breeding bulls have certain problems with reproduction. The coefficient of reproductive ability of cows is in the range of 0.89–0.94, which is below the optimal indicators for a good level of reproduction.

Relevance. Interspecific hybridization of domestic animals with wild related species is considered as one of the promising directions in animal husbandry in the framework of improving the quality and nutrient biodiversity of livestock products. The article shows the research results of the specific features in the histological structure of the longissimus muscle dorsi in animals of the genus Ovis with different genotypes.

Methods. The object of research was sheep of the Romanov breed and interspecific hybrids of domestic sheep (Romanov breed) with argali. Histological studies of the longissimus dorsi muscle of purebred and hybrid animals at the age of 12 months were carried out in a comparative aspect. The thickness and area of muscle fibers, muscle bundles, the number of muscle fibers per unit cross-sectional areas were studied.

Results. Differences in a number of morphometric parameters in the main structural units of the longissimus dorsi muscle in hybrid animals depending on the genotype were revealed. In hybrid animals, in comparison with purebred sheep, a decrease in the thickness and area of muscle fibers by 12% and 25% was found (p < 0.01). An increase in the number of muscle fibers per 1 mm2 of the cut and a decrease in the proportion of connective tissue in the structure of the longissimus dorsi muscle in interspecific hybrids were shown in comparison with those in sheep of the Romanov breed (p < 0.01). These biological features of hybrid animals should be taken into account when breeding, selecting and using them to obtain meat and meat products.

The influence of the composition of the diet on the productive indicators of cows, in particular on the chemical composition of milk, is analyzed. A reduction in the supply of succulent feed to 46.6% of the total energy nutrition and an increase in the proportion of concentrates (up to 53.4% of the exchange energy) for dairy cows were unacceptable. During the study, the level of milk productivity of black-andwhite cows increased very slightly – by 0.7 kg head /day. It is possible that in the first days of the change of the cow's diet, the total gross milk yield increases, but this period does not last long, and soon cows with acidosis and other metabolic disorders appear on the farm. The increase in the level of concentrated feed in the farm negatively affected the physico-chemical composition of milk, which became unsorted. A negative consequence of the change in the diet of cows was a deterioration in the quality of milk. Thus, the ratio of «fat – protein» has changed in the opposite direction, the urea content has increased (to 48.58–52.97 mg / 100 ml), the titrated acidity of milk has increased (to 19.49–21.04 °T) and the content of somatic cells in milk (to the level of 354.41–450.54 thousand / cm³) in cows of all lactations.

Relevance. This article presents the results of assessing the biochemical parameters and aerobic stability of silage prepared from the domestic early ripening corn hybrid Ross 195 (FAO 180) in the phase of milky-wax ripeness of the grain. Green mass was carried out during harvesting at Barybino LLC in August 2021.

Methods. Ensiling was carried out in laboratory conditions of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology in four variants of treatments with various preservatives in three replications of each.

Results. Quality indicators were monitored after 30 and 60 days of conservation. Seven days after opening the containers during outdoor storage in silage variants with the addition of biological inoculants, a slight decrease in the concentration of lactic acid and an increase in acetic acid were determined. In silage with chemical preservative, the acid content remained at the same level. The results of assessing the dynamics of silage heating during outdoor storage allow us to conclude that the aerobic stability of the feed with biological inoculants is sufficient, versus control. At the same time, best preservation (over a period of up to 135 hours) the best aerobic stability of silage was obtained with chemical preservative, which was characterized by higher quality indicators in terms of the level of active acidity (pH 4.0–4.1), ammonia content (0.0055–0.0078%) and sugar, and the quantity and ratio of organic acids remained at the level determined at opening.

Relevance. The study of the physiological effect of the pancreas, which is a slaughter waste, on the body of calves of early weaning during the formation of digestive activity of the gastrointestinal type to improve the adaptive capabilities of the body of calves is of scientific and practical interest.

Methods. Scientific and production experience was carried out on calves of the weaning period for 90 days. The pancreas of pigs (pancreas) was fed, obtained from the waste of the slaughterhouse production, dried with the use of lyophilization. Calves – analogs by breed, age, live weight – were formed into two groups (n = 8), the animals of the experimental group were given a feed product at the rate of 40 mg/kg of live weight daily with compound feed with group loose content. Live weight accounting (n = 8) and analysis of biochemical and hematological composition of blood (n = 5) were carried out.

Results. Higher live weight gains of calves treated with PHC were established with improvement of biochemical and hematological blood parameters (without negative aftereffect). With a tendency to increase the level of total protein due to the albumin fraction, a lower level of urea is also positive evidence of an improvement in nitrogen metabolism. Higher creatinine levels in combination with glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels characterize an increase in the availability of energy exchange processes in the body of calves under the influence of a feed product. Positive differences in the levels of phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesterol against the background of lower bilirubin levels indicate an improvement in lipid metabolism, but also (indirectly) lipotropic liver function. Positive trends have been established in hematological indicators of blood, higher levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lower levels of leukocytes.

Relevance. There is evidence of increased immunity in animals when they are fed components from insect larvae. The research objectives are to study some aspects of the composition and bactericidal properties of the lipid fraction obtained from the biomass of Black Lion larvae (LCL-lf); to establish the effectiveness of using LCL-lf as an additive to the diet of calves of the dairy growing period.

Methodology. Scientific and economic experience in studying the effect of various levels of use of the lipid fraction obtained from the biomass of Black Lion larvae in the diets of dairy calves (from the 59th to the 123^rd day) of the growing period was carried out in JSC «Molodi» of the Moscow region. The animals of the control group were fed a balanced diet in terms of energy and nutrients, the 1st experimental in addition to the main diet daily (individually) in the morning feeding was fed 5 g of LCHL-lf, the 2nd experimental – 10 g of LCHL-lf.

Results. Fatty acid composition of LCHL-lf: the sum of saturated LC – 85.9%, lauric acid – 55.6%. The antimicrobial properties of the extract from LCL-lf are largely noted in relation to gram-positive bacteria. It was noted that feeding larvae in the diets of young animals improved the bactericidal properties of the blood serum of experimental animals – from 31.4 to 42.9–48.6% (p < 0.05). The content of erythrocytes (11.6% vs. 10.3 × 10¹²/l in the control, p = 0.08) and hematocrit (40.9 vs. 37.1% in the control, p = 0.02) was higher in the blood of group 2 animals, which indicates an increase in the redox capacity of the blood of experimental animals. In the blood of animals of the experimental groups, the content of free water–soluble antioxidants increased – from 14.8 mg/l in the control to 17.8 mg/l (p = 0.08) and to 15.7 mg/l (p = 0.39) in the blood of animals of the experimental groups, 1st and 2nd, respectively. In general, over the two-month period of the experiment, the increase in SSP was: in group 1 – 8.4%, in group 2 – 18.7% compared with the control (703.1–769.5 g vs. 648.4 g, p < 0.05).

Relevance. The aim of the work is to study the effect of the biotechnological additive (dietary supplement) «Ares» in the cultivation of broiler chickens on their weight growth.

Methodology. Scientific and production experience was carried out in the conditions of the poultry workshop of the educational and experimental farm of the Ural State Agrarian University on the poultry of the «Coob 500» cross. In all experiments, the control group›s poultry received a general household ration, the 1st experimental was given «Ares» additive in water in the amount of 150 g/t, the 2nd experimental was given «Ares» additive in feed in the amount of 300 g/t.

Results. As a result of the research, it was found that all chickens (regardless of the group) increased their live weight with age, reaching 2632–2880 g by the end of cultivation, which meets the requirements of the cross standard. The highest live weight was obtained in the 2nd experimental group, where dietary supplements «Ares» were used in dry form in the amount of 300 g per 1 ton of compound feed. Absolute growth increases with age, which is most likely due to the increase in linear and volumetric sizes of chickens and their ability to increase feed intake. Over the entire growing period, their live weight increased 68.7, 67.2 and 73.8 times. The best indicators were in the group of chickens that additionally received 300 g/t of «Ares» dietary supplement feed. Starting from the 7th day, they had an excess of absolute growth indicators over chickens from other groups. The use of an additive in the form of a solution with a dose of 150 g per 1 ton of water showed a decrease in absolute growth over the entire growing period. The peculiarities of weight growth in broiler chickens receiving dietary supplements «Ares» were established, and the growth of broiler chickens itself followed the general biological patterns of growth and development.

Relevance. Needles are a source of various biologically active substances for animals, including vitamins. The needles also contain phytoncides, which contribute to the suppression of pathogenic microflora in the digestive tract. A number of studies have been devoted to the development of technologies for the production of feed additives based on needles

Methodology. The research work was carried out in the experimental poultry house of «Kuzbass Broiler» LLC on broiler chickens of the Ross 308 cross. 820 heads of chickens in four groups were selected for the experiment. The poultry of the control group received complete compound feed (PC), the 1st–3rd experimental groups received extradited fir flour as part of the PC (1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0% of the weight of the compound feed). When selecting broiler chickens in experimental groups and conducting research, the methods of VNIVIP were used.

Results. When feeding extruded fir flour in an amount of 2.5% of the feed volume at the stages of growing broiler chickens the highest indicators of their growth were obtained compared to the control: the absolute and average daily body weight gain is more by 5.3%. Safety increased by 1.8%, the European productivity index (EPI) increased by 35.9 units. Chickens spent 6.1% (0.11 kg) less compound feed per 1 kg of gain compared to analogues from the control group.

The article presents the indicators of slaughter and the chemical composition of the industrial poultry flock of the meat direction of productivity in different age periods, depending on the body weight of the bird at the daily age. A general trend of a slight positive effect of the gradation of chicks by live weight at day old on the indicators of slaughter and the chemical composition of meat was revealed. It has been established that more valuable components of the carcass (breast, drumstick, thigh, wing) are obtained from birds with a higher weight at the day-old age. Indices of the chemical composition of the components of the carcass by groups in most cases did not differ significantly, with the exception of the content of phosphorus and iron.

The main tasks of the ecological potential are to unite the disparate existing elements of plantings and supplement them with new ones. The assimilation of unique plant ecosystems is possible with an integrated approach. The Volgograd region belongs to the dry-steppe zone, the climate is sharply continental, for which the characteristic features are a decrease in natural moisture supply, excess heat, an active wind regime throughout the year and frequent dry winds. The ecological potential of the south of Russia, in particular the Volgograd region, according to the climate Biological efficiency Index (TC) proposed by N.N. Ivanov, is at a low level (TC = 8–12) with unfavorable natural living conditions of the population with a significant lack of moisture, which raises the question of creating multifunctional plantings as a research scientific basis for rational regional environmental policy in optimizing the process of settlement and social sphere, consistent organization of work and recreation, protection of citizensʼ health. Dendrological expositions growing on cadastral plots of the Federal Research Center for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have a high ecological potential in urbanized territories.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the prospects of a model exposure of drought–resistant species in artificial plantings.

A general analysis of the decorativeness of G Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis, Rosa canina, Ribes aureum, Ligustrum vulgare, Juniperus sabina was carried out, the variability of the total assessment of decorativeness between species (34.2–36.6) and the total score (177) were established. All the studied species have good drought resistance, which helps the woody plant to use water and nutrients most efficiently in arid regions on chestnut soils with low moisture supply.

Relevance. In 2021–2022, in Primorsky Krai (Timiryazevsky village), the influence of foliar top dressing Zn, Cu, Mg in chelated form («Terra Master» LLC, Russia), monokalium phosphate («Buisk Chemical Plant», JSC) was studied on the experimental fields of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry of the A.K. Chaika Federal State Research Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Far East, Russia), B (boric acid) («Delta» LLC, Russia), liquid micronutrients («Agro Expert Group» LLC, Russia), Boro-N, Fertix B, Potassium Lignohumate B for crop formation and protein content in soy beans of the Breeze variety.

Methods. The treatment of crops with micro fertilizers was carried out in the phase of «2–3 triple leaves» and in the phase of «flowering» in the recommended norms.

Results. It was found that the use of non-root fertilizing affected economically valuable signs. The highest yield when applying non-root fertilizing was noted in the variant with the introduction of Zn 31.2 c/ha in the phase «2–3 triple leaves», Boron-H 37.0 c/ha in the phase «flowering». Non-root top dressing had a positive effect on the accumulation of protein in soy grain. The maximum protein collection from 1 ha was obtained when using Boro-N in the flowering phase – 2.96 t/ha.

Relevance. Potatoes are one of the most important food crops in the Russian Federation and CIS countries. For the normal growth and development of the potato plant, it is necessary to provide sufficient nutrition elements. The modern direction is the selection of drugs based on natural sources that improve the mineral nutrition of plants and meet environmental requirements, which is relevant.

Methods. Determination of the effectiveness of the use of organomineral fertilizer Adgelar for foliar top dressing of potato tubers. The objects of the study were potatoes of the Salsa variety and the organomineral fertilizer Adgelar. The experiment was carried out on gray forest soil.

Results. It was revealed that foliar fertilization with Adgelar fertilizer contributed to increasing yields and improving the quality of potato tubers of the Salsa variety. The increase in potato yield was 17.5% at a dose of 0.3 l/ ha, 23.2% at a dose of 0.75 l/ha, 31.0% at a dose of 1.2 l/ha. With the use of fertilizer, the number of tubers increased (from 1 m²) by 16 17.8%, the average mass of commercial tubers (from 1 m²) – by 16.3–34.8% compared to the control. The share of the seed fraction of tubers increased by 1.5–6.2%, food – by 1.1–3.2%. The starch content in the dry matter increased (by 8.2–11%). There was a decrease in vitamin C by 7–18% compared to the control. In the variants with fertilizer in doses of 0.3 l/ha and 1.2 l/ha, nitrate nitrogen was higher by 10 and 49 mg, respectively.

Relevance. Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a dominant pest that annually causes significant damage to apple crops. Without a detailed study of the bioecological features of the development of the phytophage in specific study areas, which have undergone noticeable changes under the influence of global warming, it is impossible to build an effective protection system and ensure their environmental safety.

Methods. The object of research is C. pomonella. When studying the age gradation and timing of the presence of caterpillars in fallen fruits, conventional and original methods were used; the width of the caterpillar head capsule was measured under an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope using eyepieces with microscopic rulers. The study of the influence of the photoperiod on the behavior of C. pomonella under short day conditions was carried out in the laboratory in special containers, under natural light and at room temperature (about 21 °C).

Results. Studies have shown that not all C. pomonella caterpillars leave fallen fruits within a maximum of one day. After three days of selection and analysis of fallen damaged fruits, caterpillars were found in 34.6–35.5% of them: 18.3–28.3% – age V, 18.3–30.2% – age IV, 28.3–47.9% – III age, 13.2–14.1% – II age, 1.4% – I age. In the laboratory, under short day conditions, according to the years of research, during October – November, 20–21.4% of butterflies flew out of the number of caterpillars of the last age that did not have time to form cocoons in the field.

Relevance. The Republic of Tatarstan is located in the zone of risky fruit growing. In winter, frosts below -35 °C, thaws are not uncommon here, in spring during flowering – frosts, in summer – hot and dry weather. During the growing season, diseases are widespread – scab, moniliosis, pests – flower beetles, aphids, codling moths. All these factors negatively affect the yield and quality of fruits of apple varieties. To increase the production of apple fruits in the Republic of Tatarstan, new high-yielding varieties of apple trees, adaptive to abiotic and biotic stressors, with fruits of good taste, high content of nutrients and biologically active substances, and long shelf life, are needed.

Methods. The purpose of the research is the biological and economic evaluation of the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Winter hardiness, productivity, yield, scab susceptibility of apple varieties, damage by aphids, fruit taste and economic efficiency were evaluated according to the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding.

Results. Average for 2019–2022 in the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 3 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.6 points, productivity – 12.9 kg, yield – 5, 2 t/ha, fruit taste – 4.3 points, profit per 1 ha of orchard – 7.4 thousand rubles, profitability level – 10.5%. In the standard apple variety Antonovka ordinary, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 2.6 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.9 points, productivity – 10.3 kg, yield – 4.1 t/ha, fruit taste – 3.9 points.

The purpose of the research is to monitor rare species of narrow–leaved peony (Raeopia tenuifolia L.) and Biberstein peony (R. biebersteiniana (Rupr.) in places of natural growth – at the foot of Mount Strizhament and on the western slope of the Nedremanny ridge (from the side of the farm of the Novokavkaz Stavropol Territory) (in 2008–2022) – and culture. Monitoring showed that the composition and structure of the steppe cenosis were changed by grazing farm animals, digging and collecting bouquets. The initial stage of pasture degression occurs. The population of the narrow – leaved peony varies from 10 to 25 pcs/m². At the same time, the total number of the species is decreasing. The age spectrum is changing towards a decrease in young plants, in particular juvenile plants, more plants are in the generative phase. Seedlings and young plants decreased by half during the observations – from 38 to 19%, at that time no prussic individuals were found. The population is still self-regenerating due to annual seed-bearing. The occurrence of Biberstein peony plants is from 3 to 19 pcs/m². The population is also self–healing, the projective coverage is up to 80%. But there is also a tendency to decrease the proportion of young plants due to uncontrolled grazing (the foot of Mount Strizhament) and annual haymaking (the western slope of the Nedremanny ridge from the side of the Novokavkazsky farm). The narrow-leaved peony and the Biberstein peony are resistant to diseases and pests in the conditions of culture, reproduce vegetatively and by seeds, retain habit, and are very promising for gardening.

Relevance. Currently, the issue of preventing pollution of the hydrosphere by industrial wastewater, the use of new effective technologies for industrial water purification and its reuse in production is extremely acute. In this regard, the urgent tasks are the search and implementation of new methods of water treatment: innovative technologies, disinfection and desalination of water, methods of its reuse.

Methods. The article proposes a new technology for water treatment – the cavitation effect on the flow is enhanced by the shock effect of a pressure surge, which makes it possible to suppress the vital activity of microorganisms in the water. On the basis of the developed workflow, its mathematical model and the author’s methodology, calculations were made for three hydrodynamic cavitation devices with a pressure jump in order to disintegrate sulfate-reducing bacteria in industrial waters.

Results. In accordance with the terms of reference (nominal fluid flow Q, nominal absolute pressure before installation P1, allowable pressure drop on the device ΔP, nominal fluid temperature t, physical properties of the medium) based on the proposed working process of a hydrodynamic cavitation device that forms a supersonic flow with a transition to subsonic through a pressure jump, an appropriate mathematical model and an adequate technique, the regime and geometric parameters of three pilot samples of hydrodynamic cavitation devices designed to destructurize sulfate-reducing bacteria in industrial waters were calculated. In order to form a supersonic flow in the installation under sufficiently strict conditions for ensuring permissible pressure drops, a nozzle was profiled with a minimum drag coefficient along the Vitashinsky curve. Industrial testing of cavitation devices showed good convergence of theoretical and experimental data: the suppression of bacteria was carried out by 80–100%.

Relevance. The implementation of the HACCP principles is considered as a universal component of preventing possible hazards or reducing the risk to an acceptable level. Structuring the safety management system for small enterprises producing bakery products and using non-waste technologies presents certain difficulties, in connection with which the proposed model can find practical significance.

Methods. The object of the study was dietary loaves based on a mixture of wheat flour, wholemeal rye, peeled rye, bread crumbs and Jerusalem artichoke powder. When performing the work, quality tools were used: the method of expert scoring to assess the likelihood and severity of identified hazards in the production of dietary bread; decision tree method for determining critical control points that affect the safety of diet crisps.

Results. To manage risks in the production of dietary breads, critical control points are identified, a description of the CCP is given, and the distinctive features of the HACCP plan are presented. The proposed organization of quality and safety control can be applied in technologies for the production of bread with the inclusion of bread crumbs or other ingredients similar in properties to crumbs in the recipe.