Relevance. There are enough works devoted to the LOLA therapy in treatment ofhepatopathy of various origins, however, these works are devoted to research in medicine or in laboratory studies of animals.
Methods. For inclusion in the experiment, screening studies of the blood plasma of horses for the level of gamma-glutamyltransferase were carried out. The inclusion criteria was the value of the activity of glutamyltransferase in blood serum more than 22 U/l (upper limit of the reference interval). As a result of screening studies, 20 animals for inclusion in the experiment were identified, which were divided into two parity groups. The second group received L-ornithine L-aspartate as hepatotropic therapy at a dosage of 0.05 g/kg of body weight orally (in the form of a powder, previously dissolved in water) once a day for 28 days.
Results. On the 7th day of the experiment, the GGT level decreased by an average of 5.63% compared to the control, on the 14th day — by 12.45%, on the 21st day — by 15.95%, at the end of the experiment — by 20.09%. Beginning on day 14 of therapy the amount of GGT in the experimental group reached reference values.Clinical trial data support l the thesis that LOLA has hepatoprotective properties in cases of hepatopathy of various origins, which is proved by a decrease in the level of GGT in the blood serum. Larger studies with a variety of designs, as well as comparison with other organ-specific measures, are needed to confirm these initial results. Thus, the use of LOLA hepatotropic therapy in liver diseases receives a new justification for use in veterinary medicine.

Relevance. Special attention of researchers is attracted by zeolites — minerals of the family of aluminosilicates of alkaline and alkaline earth metals. Considering that the composition of zeolites is extremely variable, including the content of trace elements, most zeolite tuffs of Russian Federationare not evaluated in terms of possible cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to characterize the cytotoxicity of native clinoptilolite against epithelial cells of cattle.
Methods. To characterize cytotoxicity, 5 fractions of native clinoptilolite (mining quarry — Drozhzhanovsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan) with particle sizes were selected: No. 1 — 0.2 mm, No. 2 — 0.24 mm, No. 3 — 0.8 mm, No. 4 — 0,8–2,5 mm, No. 5 — 2,5–5,0 mm. Two transferable cell lines were selected as models for determining the toxicity of zeolites: LEK (epithelium of the lung of a cow embryo) and TR (tracheal epithelium of a cow embryo) obtained from a Collection of vertebrate cell cultures (ICiG RAS, Russia). MTTtestwas carried out. Cell viability was assessed by the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase according to a standard method. Statistical data processing was performed using “GraphPad Prism 6.0” software (USA). The experiments were carried out in 5 repetitions, p ≤ 0.05 was taken as a statistically reliable level.
Results. It was found that concentrations up to 300 micrograms/mlof all fractions of zeolites do not have a cytotoxic effect on the studied cells. The cytopathogenic effect manifests itself in the concentration range of 400-1000 micrograms/ml and is in direct correlation with the size of zeolite particles — the proportion of cells in the state of apoptosis is up to 35.23±2.3%, which is probably due to the mechanical effect of large particles of the rocks in question on cellular structures. Information about the cytotoxic effects of different types of zeolites on the cells of the body of productive animals will later form the basis of their toxicological assessment and will allow us to develop a strategy for their safe use.

Relevance. High milk productivity of cows after calving is the cause of liver damage in the form of hepatosis and premature retirement of animals. In such cases, pathoanatomical examination of the liver reveals simultaneously disorders in the form of protein and fatty dystrophies with subsequent destruction of cellsand circulatory disorders. Hepatoses can also cause such postpartum complications in cows as retention of placenta .
Methods. For the prevention of hepatosis, the drug "Ovostim-ct" is proposed, which contains cytotoxic serums against the tissues of the liver, ovary, spleen and muscle. In order to prevent liver damage and postpartum retention of placenta , the drug is used 1–1.5 months before calving at a dose of 1 ml per 100 kg of live weight subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
Results. The use of the hepatoprotector has reduced the number of cases of hepatosis and retention of placenta in cows after calving. Also, “Ovostim-ct” had a beneficial effect on the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of cows: there was an increase in the concentration in the bloodof total protein by 6.7%, albumin — by 15.6% and glucose — by 45.8%.

Relevance. The degree of development of heat stress in poultry is associated with the influence of a number of factors: the value of the peak temperature, the duration of its influence on broiler chickens, air humidity in the poultry house, ventilation, age and live weight of the birds. Based on the heat load on the body of the bird, feed consumption, productivity and quality of the products obtained are reduced to varying degrees. Thermal load exceeding adaptive capacity can be fatal.
Methods. To determine the degree and depth of the effect of heat load on the body of a bird, production data from the leading poultry farms of the Chelyabinsk and Belgorod regions were studied. A production experiment on the correction of heat stress was carried out in the conditions of poultry houses with cage keeping of broiler chickens. The birds of the experimental group were fed a solution of the drug "PARATERM" through medicators for 5 days before slaughter, at a dose of 70 mg/kg of body weight. On the 39th day, the birds were slaughtered.
Results. Against the background of the use of the drug "PARATERM", the safety of birds in the experimental group increased by 1.6% compared to the control group, the mortality during transportation decreased by 6.6 times. Against the background of the accumulation of protein mass in the poultry meat of the experimental group, there was an increase in the amount of moisture and a decrease in amount oflipids. The content of heavy metals and toxic elements in the poultry meat of the experimental groups did not exceed the permissible level, that indicates the safety of the meat raw materials obtained. Statistically significant changes in the meat of the experimental group were observed in the content of copper and zinc.

Introduction. Sexual dimorphism in rabbits is poorly expressed, which creates a number of difficulties in determining the sex of the animal. The need to determine sex arises during forensic veterinary examination, archaeological and special morphological studies, as well as in the study of age and breed variability of animals using craniological material. This issue is especially relevant for veterinary and sanitary examination, since the sex of the animal can affect the quality of wool or the taste of meat, which affects the quality of the products obtained.
Objects and methods. The objects of the study were skulls (n = 4) of Californian breed ofrabbits and skulls (n = 4) of Soviet chinchilla breed. The stages of the study were: the creation of 8 bone preparations by boiling them in water with the addition of bicarbonate of soda, bleaching in a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, comparison and morphometry.
Results. Based on the study, it is possible to identify craniological features characteristic of male and female rabbits: the angle of the lower jaw in males is thicker and more massive, has a more pronounced masticatory fossa; supraorbital processes of male rabbits are more branched and wide; the zygomatic process of the zygomatic bone has a thin elongated shape in females, and a wide oval in males; on the horizontal plate of the palatine bone of femalerabbits there is large number of holes; in males, the lattice opening resembles a cello in shape, and the pituitary gland resembles an oval; the occipito-sphenoid fusion in male rabbits is convex, and the occipital crest has a thickening. Thanks to the use of several breeds of rabbits in the experiment, it can be proved that these patterns relate to sex, and not to breed. The results of the study can be used to determine the sex of an animal by the skull or its fragments, which is important for forensic veterinary examination when using a craniological method for determining the sex of various animal species.

Relevance. Intestinal dysbacteriosis should be considered as a clinical and laboratory syndrome that occurs in a number of diseases and clinical situations, characterized in addition to changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota, metabolic and immune disorders, what can be accompanied by severe clinical manifestations in its unfavorable course. Therefore, the choice of the most optimal therapeutic regimen, as well as the immunological evaluation of its effectiveness in correcting the subcompensated degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis in cats is an important area of scientific research in veterinary gastroenterology.
Methods. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy in cats with subcompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis (n = 16) was evaluated. The diagnosis of suspected intestinal dysbacteriosis was made in a complex manner, taking into account the data of the anamnesis, clinical examination and microbiological studies. The severity of intestinal dysbacteriosis (grade 1 — compensated; grade 2 — subcompensated; grade 3 — decompensated) was assessed on the basis of clinical and laboratory studies. Cats with subcompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis (grade 2) were randomly divided into three experimental groups: В1 (n = 5); В2 (n = 5) and В3 (n = 6). The dynamics of individual immunological parameters of the blood of cats (indicators of cellular and humoral links, pro-inflammatory cytokines) with dysbacteriosis of the 2nd degree of severity during their therapy (before correction, on days 7 and 14) is shown.
Results. With subcompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis, the administration of the probiotic «Lactobifadol» in combination with the prebiotic «Vetelact» and the immunomodulator «Azoksivet» shows the greatest therapeutic effect, which leads to an overall clinical improvement within 5.50 days. At the same time, the normalization of appetite, unpleasant odor from the oral cavity and the nature of fecal matter occurs in cats of group B3 by 3.1; 1.47 and 1.24 days respectively earlier, when in animals that received only «Lactobifadol».

Introduction. Chicken cholera is one of the most dangerous avian infectious diseases, causing significant economic damage to the industrial poultry production. Chicken cholera usually occurs in septic form, and causes high morbidity and mortality (60–80%), but recently it has become chronic, subclinical and associated. Inactivated emulsion vaccines are used worldwide to prevent chicken cholera and provide high and long-term immunity. However, there is a problem with residual reactogenicity of inactivated vaccines, particularly of the bacterial variants. This problem can be solved by using safer, next-generation adjuvants. The aim of the article is to study the physical and biological properties and determine the optimal inoculation volume and method of administration of inactivated vaccines against chicken cholera , based on different adjuvants.
Materials and methods. Formaldehyde inactivated culture of P. multocida st. 115and a number of adjuvants (“Montanide GEL-02” and oil adjuvants “Montanide ISA 70 VG” and “Montanide ISA 78 VG”) were used for vaccine production. The vaccine samples were tested for sterility, stability and viscosity by conventional methods. Determination of reactogenicity and antigenic activity of the vaccines was carried out on young 30-days old chickensof egg-laying type.
Results. The vaccine sample based on the adjuvant “Montanide ISA 70 VG” containing 1.5 billion P. Multocida microbial cells in a single immunizing dose of 0.3 cm3 was found to be the best among the tested preparations. When assessing the reactogenicity, it was obvious that all samples, regardless of the type of adjuvant, showed more pronounced residual reactogenic properties when injected intramuscularly into the chest muscle than when injected subcutaneously into the middle third of the neck.

Relevance. In agriculture, transient probiotic strains from the Bacillus spp. group have recently been widely used. The high antagonistic potential and resistance to abiotic factors, due to the ability to spore formation of representatives of this genus of microorganisms, makes them the most promising agents for inclusion in feed probiotics. In this regard, the purpose of our work is to investigate the biological potential of tolerance of B. subtilis soil isolates to antibacterial drugs on the example of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone.
Methods. To achieve this goal, we have selected soil samples from territories with a high level of anthropogenic agricultural load. Sampling was carried out at 5 points of the site we determined from a depth of more than 40 cm. Bacillus subtilis strains were used as biological objects in the work. Further work was related to the isolation of isolated strains of Bacillus subtilis bacteria, for which we used: the method of serial breeding, lawn sowing on dense nutrient media, isolation of pure cultures and identification of microorganisms by cultural characteristics of growth on dense media and color by Gram.
Results. Preliminary results of a study of antibiotic resistance of representatives of one species of B. Subtillis isolated from one soil sample, but having different levels of resistance to the tested antibiotics (resistants), are presented. In the course of the conducted studies, a general pattern of sensitivity of the studied strains to ceftriaxone and heterogeneously distributed indicators of resistance to amoxicillin were established.

Relevance. The issue of studying metabolic processes is relevant not only for cows, but also for breeding bulls, due to the fact that it allows to identify various diseases in the early stages. The work is devoted to the study of the bioelemental state of breeding bulls after a long winter period of operation at an early stage of the spring season in the conditions of the Perm Territory
Methods. The studies were carried out on 25 breeding bulls of the Holstein breed of black-and-white color, whose age varied from 2 to 10 years. The protein-lipid, mineral metabolism and enzymatic activity of the animal organism was studied.
Results. It was revealed that only the content of bilirubin had an increased level in relation to the norm —at the level of 16%. It was established that among the animals there were individuals who had the highest individual indicators for some positions. In the group of animals with normal and elevated concentrations of bilirubin, a difference was found in the difference in alkaline phosphatase by 23.0%, the A/G ratio —by 11.0%, in total protein and globulin — by 4.5 and 8.3% respectively. Animal studies, taking into account the content of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum of breeding bulls in the norm and above the standard values, showed that its concentration plays a significant role (at P < 0.001). In young bulls (30 months), this indicator was statistically significant and its values were higher than in animals of5 years and older. It is also worth noting that in adult bulls the level of total bilirubin was increased by 25%, difference in ratio of A/Gbetween groups of animals was 30.0%, total protein — 12.0%, globulin — 12.4% and albumin —15.4%. Based on the studies carried out, it can be said that it is necessary to conduct biochemical monitoring of the entire herd.

Relevance. On the processes of fermentation in the rumen of ruminants depends, how much final metabolites and their derivatives will be formed, which are necessary for the full development of the body, thehigh level of productivity, those processes also affect the level of formation of endogenous substances, in particular greenhouse gas emissions. These facts lead us to the search for new feed products that improve the metabolic processes in the rumen and the digestive system as a wholePhytochemicals can serve as an alternativeto traditional feed additives. The purpose of the article was to study the effect of Salviae folia, Scutellaria baicalensis, Origanum vulgare on the formation of methane, the synthesis of volatile fatty acids and nitrogen, as the main indicators of the enzymatic activity of the rumen.
Methods. The object of the study was the rumen fluid obtained from bulls of the Kazakh white-headed breed, aged 9–10 months, with an average weight of 225–230 kg (n = 4) with a chronic fistula of the rumen. For the study, a microration was prepared, including 70% of roughage and 30% of concentrated feed as a substrate, and nine prototypes were formed: Salviae folia — 0.8; 1.6; 2.4 g/kg of dry matter (DM), Scutellaria baicalensis — 0.15; 0.2; 0.3 g/kg ofDM, Origanum vulgare — 0.2; 0.3; 0.6 g/kg of DMof ration. The studies were carried out in vitro using the “ANKOM DaisyII” incubator and a specialized technique.
Results. It was found that with the use of phytosubstances Salviae folia and Scutellaria baicalensis, more acetic and propionic acids were formed, and with the use of Origanum vulgare in various dosages there was a shift towards formation ofpropionic and valeric acids. The formation of a larger amount of microbial protein has been reliably established with the use of Salviae folia, Scutellaria baicalensis, Origanum vulgare in various dosages. Methanogenesis decreased to a greater extent with the use of higher dosages of phytochemicals, regardless of the source.

The Ural type of the domestic black-and-white mottled breed features high productivity rates, good suitability for industrial milking technology, but the duration of its productive longevity is 2.4–2.6 lactations only, although in herds there are cows with productive longevity up to 10 lactations. The decline in productive longevity is associated in particular with reproductive qualities. As a result of the research, it was found that the Sealing Trijun Rockit cows proved to be the most resistant to their long use within the conditions of dairy farms for industrial milk production of pedigree reproducers; their productive longevity was 4.0 lactation. In other lines the productive longevity ranged from 1.8 (Pabst Governor line) to 2.5 (Montvic Chieftain line) lactations. A low fertility rate (less than 0.95) proves the existence of reproduction problems in the herd. Modern Holsteinized black-and-white mottled cattle bred in the Sverdlovsk region has high breeding qualities. The potential of their use is quite high and, despite certain reproduction problems, they are able to produce for a long time in the ecological and forage conditions of their breeding zone.

Pig breeding is one of the leading agricultural sectors that ensures the country’s food safety. In this regard, pig breeding must become a highly profitable branch of the agro-industrial complex due to growth of range of production performance indicators. Various feed additives are the reserve for increasing the productivity of the animals. The most popular feed supplements used today are probiotics and phytobiotics. Modern probiotic preparations are a complex (symbiotic additives) consisting of various strains of bacteria with addition of enzymes, prebiotics, chelating elements, amino acids and biologically active components. The article provides data on use of the probiotic preparation “Profort” and the phytobiotic “Intebio” in feeding of sows in farrow and nursing sows. According to the results of scientific and economic experience it was found that feed additives increased the following indicators: prolificacy — by 1.9–2.9%, size of the young piglets — by 10.4–12.3%, number of mature piglets in the litter — by 10.8–11.8%, rate of survival of the young piglets — by 4.0–6.1%, weight of the piglets litter by the moment of weaning — by 18.0–22.2%. The use of the preparations led to decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of liveweight gain and increased revenue obtained from the sale of the young livestock.

For production of milk the breeds of highly productive dairy cows of domestic and foreign selection are used. These breeds include the Black-and-white mottled breed, which makes up more than 51% of the total cattle herd in Russian Federation, and the Holstein breed, which share is more than 15% and is constantly increasing. It has been established that cows with different kappa-casein genotypes differ in usability of their milk for cheese production. The research of influence of kappa-casein genotype on milk yield capabilities of cows and the reasons for culling of cows is relevant and of interest nowadays. The biggest share of the herd consists of cows with AA genotype, and the least share, 3.8%, consists of the most favorable BB genotype cows. These cows feature higher milk yield. Though there was no significant difference between the milk yield of cows with genotype BB and genotypes AA and AB, but a tendency for BB genotype superiority was clearly observed. The higher milk yield determines a higher yield of nutrients with milk. The group with the AB kappa-casein genotype accounted for a greater share of culled cows in the first lactation period. The lower rejection rate was recorded in the group of BB genotype cows.

Relevance. The importance of breeding in increasing the productivity of agricultural animals can be perfectly demonstrated on the mulberry silkworm. For 5 thousand years, continuous selection was carried out, the main feature for which was silkiness. However, the more productive the object becomes, the more difficult and complicated traditional breeding turns out to be.
Methods. New methods of breeding can be developed as a result of the use of artificial methods of reproduction. The implementation of all methods of artificial reproduction known to science (ameiotic and meiotic parthenogenesis, gynogenesis, androgenesis, polyploidy) with various cytogenetic mechanisms and methods of sex regulation to the silkworm has opened up new experimental possibilities. This makes it possible to control the inheritance of traits in a population within a wide range, which is especially effective when using artificial breeding methods in combination, for example, when breedinghybridizing parthenogenetic clones and sex-determined silkworm. Mеthods of breeding, preservation and use of genetically modified silkworm breeds have been worked out and repeatedly tested.
Results. The industrial hybrids created in our research by breeding parthenogenetic clones and sex-labeled breeds at the egg stage are characterized by high heterosis in caterpillar viability (95.0–96.0%), ease of preparation of hybrid grene, economic benefits due to the abolition of breeding work, cocoon sorting, as well as expensive, lengthy and very inaccurate cocoon division by gender.

Relevance. After the introduction of state support for enterprises that put fallow lands into circulation, more and more such lands are beginning to be used for agricultural production. However, there are practically no scientifically based recommendations for the development of fallow lands for their more effective introduction into agricultural production.
Methods. The research was carried out in a field experiment in the Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The technologies of basic processing of fallow lands and their impact on the yield and energy efficiency of grain cultivation were studied. The experiment was based on a three-factor scheme.
Results. The article says that on light gray forest soils it is necessary to apply technologies for the production of grain crops using mechanical treatments (traditional technology and mini-till technology), which allow creating more favorable conditions for the growth and development of cultivated plants than direct sowing technology (no-till), which in turnleads to to increase the yield of the studied crops. It is established that the cultivation of Sinapis alba as green-manured fallow allows to increase the yield of the studied crops. It was revealed that with direct processing of fallow lands without the application of mineral fertilizers and without the cultivation of green manure crop, the most energetically recouped technology is the traditional technology of cultivation of grain crops (energy coefficient — 1.51). The introduction of organic fertilizers in the form of growing a green manure crop, without the introduction of mineral fertilizers, reduces the energy efficiency of all the technologies studied. When cultivating grain crops on a mineral background and with the cultivation of Sinapis alba as a green manure crop, the mini-till technology (energy coefficient — 1.45) is most energetically advantageous, it is more energy efficient thentraditional technology by 0.7%and then no-till technology— by 14.5%.

Relevance. The concept of precision agriculture call for the use of physical and mathematical, technical and software tools for obtaining and processing information about agroecosystems, as well as for the implementation of agricultural practices directly in the field. To date, there are quite a few software products that can control the production of crops, in particular, the management of differentiated fertilization and compliance with elements of cultivation technology. The purpose of our research conducted over two years was to develop and test in real field conditions algorithms for the functioning of the module of the information and analytical system of crop management for specialized crop rotations involving flax.
Methods. The objects of research were the elements of the information and analytical management system for resource-saving production of crop production "Vash urozhaj" (IASUR) and flax-long-lived variety Tonus (selection of the FSBI FNC LC). The experiment used an electronic field map in kml file format containing the coordinates of points, quantitative characteristics of indicators of the content of nutrients and chemical elements in elementary areas within the surveyed spatial object, a technological map of the cultivation of flax, developed specifically for this variety, task maps for the application of solid and liquid fertilizers in .csv file format.
Results. Developed and formed in the information and analytical system "Vash urozhaj" electronic technological map of the cultivation of flax-long-legged variety Tonus, containing a list of technological operations, timing and quality characteristics of their implementation, including a possible set of machinery and equipment. The possibility has been tested and the effectiveness of the module for obtaining climatically secured flax yield has been determined — the planned estimated yield for this flax variety at the pilot site is 4.3 c/ha. When cultivated according to the technology adopted in the Federal Scientific Center of Bast Cultures, introduced into the agroplatform, a yield of 4.0 c/ha was obtained. The yield deviation by 6.98% relative to the calculated one is due to the weather features of the growing season of 2021.

The search and modernization of modern technologies for the cultivation of tilled crops in the Stavropol Territory are primarily associated with obtaining higher crop yields at the lowest production costs and achieving of a significant soil protection effect. Strip-till technology involves the creation of narrow waterabsorbing gaps against the background of stubble and plant residues treated with glyphosateleft on the field. The proposed technology includes an element of modernization — pre-treatment of the stubble with the “Catros” disc tool, which creates soil-straw mulch on the soil surface, preventing moisture evaporation. During the research period from 2019 to 2021, an increase in the average monthly temperature of the spring-summer period (May — June — July) by 1.8 °С, 2.7 °С and 2.0 °С respectively was established in comparison with the long-term average. At the same time, the decrease in the amount of precipitation in the spring period over the years of research averaged 11 mm, with a critical decrease in June 2019 by 52 mm and in July 2020 by 54 mm from the long-term one.A higher density of soils in the main periods of sunflower vegetation was established in comparison with traditional technology by an average of 0.03 g/cm³ due to a lower (by 0.9 mm)average weighted diameterof soil particles. Capillary porosity with Strip-till in the spring was 21%, which formed a larger (by 11 mm)moisture reserve compared to the traditional one, and the yield of sunflower with the Strip-till technology is 0.26 t/ha more, and the profitability is higher by 33%.

Relevance. The most important and effective way to increase the yield of cotton in Tajikistan is to improve the technologies for growing promising varieties. One of the most important elements of cultivation technology is to establish the optimal density of standing plants as one of the main factors that have a decisive influence on the growth and development of plants, and, consequently, on the size of the crop and its quality. It is known that the optimal density of crops contributes to the powerful development of individual bushes and the accumulation of a large harvest on each of them.
Methods. The experience was laid in the Dehkan farm «Boboi Ziedali» of the Rudaki village of the Vakhsh district of Southern Tajikistan in accordance with the methodology of field experiments with cotton. The obtained field data were processed by the mathematical method of variance analysis according to B.A. Dospekhov.
Results. According to the data, obtained as a result of studying varieties of medium-fiber cotton when grown in conditions of different plant density, the maximum plant density is set within 99–100 thousand plants/ha. By the end of the growing season on August 1, the height of the main stem with a density of 99 thousand plants/ha was 81,9 cm in the Dusti-IZ variety, 78,8 cm in the Sorbon variety. Similar data (75,0 cm in the Dusti-IZ variety and 73,8 cm in the Sorbon variety) were obtained at a density of 100 thousand plants/ha. The yield of raw cotton according to the same variants was 5,6–6,0 t/ha for the Sorbon variety and 7,2–7,6 t/ha for the Dusti-IZ variety.

Introduction. 1000-grain weight is an essential element of a yield, which depends on many components that have their effect in the previous phases of ontogenesis. The analysis of the statistical parameters of correlation between 1000-grain weight and environmental conditions, the study of the adaptive properties of genotypes make it possible to select the initial material in the most orderly manner when developing highly productive wheat varieties.
Methods. The objects of the study were 14 winter bread wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy””. The work was carried out in 2018–2021 on the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production, the forecrop was sunflower, the variety Don 107 was used as a standard.
Results. In the course of the current study, there has been found that the varieties Krasa Dona, Kaprizulya, Ermak, Polina, Ayuta and Premiera were characterized by a high response to environmental changes (bi = 1.12–1.30). The varieties possessing high adaptability and high stability included Kaprizulya (bi = 1.13 and S2d = 0.02) and Krasa Dona (bi = 1.12 and S2d = 0.04). The varieties Zolotoy Kolos, Zhavoronok, Podarok Krymu and Don 107 had highest homeostatic values (Hom = 27.68–38.13) and lowest coefficients of variation (Cv = 10.57–12.78%). The varieties Zolotoy Kolos, Zhavoronok and Podarok Krymu had high breeding value (Sc = 31.44–33.30) and stress resistance (from -10.20 to -11.70). The most genetically flexible varieties were Zhavoronok, Ayuta and Premiera (43.85–44.30).

Introduction. Wheat is the main grain cropwhich is used for fodder and food purposes in most countries of the world. Flour is the main product of wheat processing, it is subject to a number of quality and safety requirements depending on the use. The purpose of the current work was to identify varietal traits and the effect of the forecrops on the formation of technological properties of grain and flour of winter common wheat varieties, thento select the best of them according to the studied properties.
Methods. There were estimated the technological properties of 17 winter common wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, 10 of them were included in the State List of Breeding Achievements, 7 of them are currently being studied. The indicators of the technological, flour-milling, biochemical and physical traits of grain were assessed in accordance with the GOSTs.
Results. There has been established that for the entire period the varieties formed a large nature grain weight and corresponded to the first quality class according to the two studied forecrops. As a result of the conducted study there was found out that the choice of a forecrop affected protein percentage in grain and flour. There has been identified varieties ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Podarok Krymu’, ‘Zolotoy Kolos’, ‘Ayuta’ and ‘Premiera’ had high flour properties according to the technological efficiency of milling (E) after both of the studied forecrops. The varieties ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Podarok Krymu’ and ‘Premiera’ were characterized by high values of flour-milling estimation (MS).

Relevance. The results of research on the identification of winter triticale varieties most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus are presented.
Methods. The research was carried out in 2019–2021 in the fields of SCNIIGPSH VNC RAS on 8 varietal samples: TGI 24/1 (Russia), Almaz (Russia), Capral (Russia), Moderato (Poland), Hortenso (Poland), Grenado (Poland), Gor (Russia), Knyaz (Russia). For a comprehensive assessment and selection of valuable source material during selection for adaptability, a set of techniques was used to establish the reliability of the observed differences and obtain the necessary information about potential productivity and environmental plasticity.
Results. The highest ecological plasticity was found in varieties Gor (bi = 0.7) and Hortenso and Grenado (bi = 0.6). According to the coefficient of stability in various growing conditions, the varieties Moderato and TGI 24/1 (S2d = 0.01) turned out to be the best. Varieties Gor, Hortenso and Grenado formed the highest average productivity of the ear over three years, which amounted to 3.6 and 3.3 g/ear, respectively. The share of the factors in the formation of yield was determined. The influence of vegetation conditions was 3.1%, of varietal characteristics — 54.1%. High resistance to environmental stress factors has been established in the varietyModerato, maximum compliance with the environmental conditions of the region — in varieties Gor (3.6), Hortenso (3.3) and Grenado (2.8). High resistance to environmental stress factors has been established in varieties Gor, Hortenso and Grenado, high stability of productivity is found in varieties Moderato and TGI 24/1. In the distinguished varietal samples the plant productivity index (PPI) was: 19,6; 16,4; 18,4; 15,0; 11,1 accordingly, according to the classification table, it corresponds to high productivity. In varieties Almaz, Capral and TGI 24/1, the indicators of the PPI (10.0; 9.8; 10.6) corresponded to the average productivity of winter triticale. The selected cultivars will be used in breeding programs, when creating winter triticale varieties for the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus.

Relevance. This work is aimed at carrying out varietal identification and assessment of the uniformity of the main grading factors of updated seeds from primary seed breeding of the Russian Federation research institutions. The studies were carried out under field conditions on medium sod-podzolic loamy soil in the Tver region.
Methods. Sowing was conducted on leveled raised beds in the field according to the method of soil varietal control. To reduce the degree of modification of varietal characteristics, a square sowing method with a feeding area of each plant of 2.5 x 2.5 cm was used.
Results and discussion. It was established that the separate divisions of the NIIL (Pskovskiy NIISKH and Smolenskiy NIISKH of the Federal Scientific Center for Bast Crops), SIBNIISKHIT and the Falenskaya Breeding Station carried out primary seed production on flax at a high scientific and methodological level. 99.5% of 185 seed batches evaluated met the requirements of GOST R 52325-2005 for the OS category. They were characterized by good uniformity in the duration of the growing season, good and satisfactory alignment in plant height. The coefficient of variation of plant height in seed batches averaged from 4.2 to 5.9% over three years, in control seed batches it varied from 3.8 to 6.1%. 93.5% of all seed batches received for varietal identification had good evenness of fiber content in stems. According to the results of the checking seeds for compliance in a generation, the presence of rogue in the amount of 1.4% was determined in the seeds batches of the 1st year Alexandrite variety of the 2018 harvest from the breeding nursery VNIIL.

Relevance. In the Ryazan region in recent years the acreage under soybeans has been growing. Given the ever-growing demand for soybeans as a high-protein and oilseed crop, the priority is the development of chemical methods that affect the acceleration of maturation.
Methods. A variety of soy Kasatka was taken for research. In the experiment, the effect of desiccant “Diktator, VR” (AD — 150 g/l of diquat in the form of dibromide) was studied. Experimentaloptions: 1) “Diktator, VR” 1.5 l/ha; 2) “Diktator, VR” 2.0 l/ha; 3) control (without desiccant). The studies were carried out by field and laboratory methods using appropriate techniques.
Results. The results of the experiment showed that all the studied doses of desiccant after 2–3 days dry the leaves of the culture well. Analysis of the dynamics of the decrease in the moisture content of soybean grain showed that both dosages of “Diktator, VR” were effective (at a dosage of 1.5 l/ha, the moisture content of soybean seeds decreased by 4.6–6.3%; 2.0 l/ha — by 2.9–4.6%). The decrease in the number of weeds was 80.3–84.8% (2020) and 78.0–84.1% (2021), the reduction in the mass of weeds was 81.1–81.8% (2020) and 80.0–81.5% (2021). Germination energy in all variants of the experiment had high indicators — 90.0–95.0%, viability — 92.0–97.0%. The desiccant did not have a negative effect on the yield of soybean seeds. On average, the yield of soybeans using this desiccant at a rate of 1.5 l/ha was 2.05 t/ha, at a rate of 2.0 l/ha — 2.02 t/ha, control — 2.10 t/ha. Desiccation did not have a negative effect on the quantitative chemical composition of soybean seeds, which was approximately the same as the control. So, on average, the protein content in the soybean seeds of the Kasatka variety was at a high level — 41.5–41.7%, the oil content also was at optimal amount — 17.6–17.8%. The most effective dosage of desiccant “Diktator, VR” on soybean crops is the norm of 1.5 l/ha.

Relevance. In order to obtain high-quality seed material, seed farms should pay great attention to crop cultivation technologies. At the same time, an important role is played by the implementation of such breeding measure as phyto-cleaning of breeding and seed plots, in order to identify and eliminate infected plants. However, it is worth noting the fact that the implementation of such measure requires the presence of highly qualified specialists capable of detecting plant diseases at early stages. However, currently there is a shortage of such employees in agriculture, and therefore the development of innovative digital technologies aimed at detecting infected plants is an urgent task. Currently, machine vision and neural network technologies designed to solve such problems are actively developing.
Methods. As part of the research, existing machine vision technologies were analyzed, as well as developed machine learning technologies. Then, based on the analysis, a software package based on a convolutional neural network was developed. During the training and testing of the neural network, framing technologies, affine transformation methods, information and logical analysis of the initial information were used.
Results. To determine the quality of the software package for the identification of diseased potato plants, a series of tests was conducted. During the research, the accuracy with which the distribution of plants to a particular group was carried out was evaluated. The analysis of the results showed that the chosen neural network design successfully coped with the experimental task. At the same time, for the further development of this direction, it is necessary to create an extensive information base on potato diseases. That will allow in the future to develop a software and hardware complex for the analysis of potato plantings and the identification of infected plants in real time.

Relevance. Fiber flax — Linum usitatissimum L. — is one of the main bast crops, which is widely cultivated in various countries of the world for the production of fiber and oil. Before the revolution, Russia was the main producer of this crop in the world (80% of the world's crops, 70% of the total harvest — up to 360 thousand tons), but today the Russian Federation is losing ground. A number of reasons contribute to this. One of them is that the cultivated varieties of fiber flax do not fully meet the requirements of agricultural producers. The susceptibility of flax to fungal diseases is the main difficulty in obtaining consistently high yields of fiber and seeds, maintaining their marketability and, accordingly, the quality of the products obtained. The annual loss of flax crop due to diseases is more than 40%. The situation is aggravated by the appearance of resistant isolates of phytopathogens, which makes the regular use of fungicides inappropriate. Infection of flax crops with fungi of the genus Colletotrichum lini Manns et Bolley leads to a decrease in fiber yield by 20–35% and the accumulation of infection. The selection of anthracnose-resistant forms of flax by traditional methods is accompanied by certain difficulties.
Methods. The main methods used in the research were: microbiological, cell selection, culture of immature embryos and hypocotyl segments.
Results. To obtain cultural filtrates of strains of the fungus — the causative agent of flax anthracnose, it is possible to use nutrient media Gamborg, MS, Sh-2, which do not contain vitamins, chelate complex, phytohormones. The dependence of the formation of morphogenic callus on the basis of primary explants on the morphogenetic potential of the genotype has been established. The formation of morphogenic callus under selective conditions depended on the mineral composition of the selective medium. Gamborg's medium was the least suitable for in vitro selection studies. A high morphogenetic potential was established in lines L 2053-5-11 and L 957-8-7.

Relevance. Miscanthus sinensis Andersson is one of the most popular cereals in ornamental gardening around the world. It can be used to decorate the shores of reservoirs, in rocky gardens, rockeries, mixed borders, as a solitaire on the lawn, to create decorative group plantings in gardens, parks, squares. The objective of the paper is to study the dynamics of growth processes and the decorative state of Miscanthus sinensis varieties during the growing season in connection to the thermal resources of the southern steppe zone of the European part of Russia.
Methods. Processing of the results of phenological observations, calculation of the sums of effective temperatures and mathematical processing were carried out according to standard methods.
Results. The results of a study of 13 varieties of Miscanthus sinensis are presented. It is shown that during the growing seasons 2019–2021 they preserve rhythmic processes similar to natural ones. The beginning of vegetation came on 12–17.04 and the completion of growth processes in the flowering phase in earlyflowering varieties — on 5–12.08, medium-flowering — 16–22.09, late-flowering — 12–18.10, when the sum of effective temperatures for the period of the flowering phase had reached in 2019 — 1059.8–1585.7°C, in 2020 — 1026.5–1638.8 °C, in 2021 — 1063.75–1437.0°. Generative shoots of early and mediumflowering varieties reached 60–80% of the final linear size by mid-June, with the development of up to 60–70% of leaf blades, and by mid-July — 80–90% (170–200 cm) and looked decorative due to the shape of the bush and the decorative state of the leaves, which by this time had developed by 75–90%. Dynamic indicators of linear growth of generative shoots correlate with the sum of the effective temperatures of the growing season: in 2019 — r = 0.93–0.96; in 2020 — r = 0.85–0.9, in 2021 — r = 0.90–0.92.

Relevance. The list of imported varieties and rootstocks is often determined by the marketing policy of the producing countries ; they had not been tested for specific conditions. For the first time in the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region a comprehensive assessment of new introduced apple varieties of autumn and winter ripening period was carried out to select a modern adaptive assortment for arid conditions.
Methods. The experiment was laid in 2012 in the experimental orchard of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of apple varieties by economic and biological indicators to optimize the regional assortment and selection of the best varieties for cultivation using intensive technologies in the Astrakhan region. The article presents the results of the study of 9 new apple varieties by productivity components in the semi-desert zone of the Northern Caspian Sea.
Results. It was found that in the conditions of the arid zone, the most rapid-fruiting varieties are Renet Simirenko, Prikubanskoe, Pamyati esaulu and Renet Kubansky, who fructified in the second year of vegetation (0.2–0.5 kg/tree). Prikubanskoye (31.0 t/ha), Galakub (31.1 t/ha) and Pinovo (28.7 t/ha) varieties have been characterized by high yields over the past five years. The harmonious taste of apple fruits distinguished varieties Prikubanskoe, Pamyati esaulu, Renet Kubansky (16.7–20.0). Varieties Zolotaya korona, Paskhalnoe, Galakub, Red Chief and Pinovo had sweeter fruits (21.0–35.8).

Relevance. High values of berry quality traits increase the breeding and production worth of strawberry varieties and hybrids. Important characteristics of the quality of berry are the average fruit weight, the firmness of the pulp of berry, the height and the largest diameter of berry. It is possible to achieve a high level of values of these traits by combining the maximum similarity of their variation in one genotype. The aim of this work was the description of the associated variability of berry quality traits in a number of strawberry varieties and hybrid selections and the identification of the most promising from them according to the studied characteristics.
Methods. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021, 12 varieties and 8 hybrid selections were studied for a number of economically significant traits of berry quality: average fruit weight, g; berry pulp firmness, g; height and largest diameter of the berry, mm; content of dry soluble solids in berries, Brix, %.
Results. It has been established that the genotype makes the greatest contribution to the diversity of the studied samples. A relatively small factorial influence of the growing year on the overall variation of varieties and selections for the studied traits (from 0.06 to 1.6% of the phenotypic variance) indicates a high adaptability potential of the studied forms for growing in this natural and climatic zone, due to the specific properties of the genotypes of varieties and strawberry hybrids. By calculating pairwise Pearson's correlations in combination with the cluster analysis by the Ward's method as one of the procedures of multivariate mathematical statistics, an evaluation of the compatibility of variability by the studied traits was given, the varieties promising for breeding and cultivation under regional conditions in terms of berry quality have been identified — Florence, Vivaldi, Nelli, Syria, Belrubi, Honeoye and Kemia, as well as valuable for breeding hybrids — 10-1-15 Belrubi × Nelli, 35-14-15 Belrubi × Onda and 35-11-15 Belrubi × Florence.

The analysis of the physical and biological features of the new plasma-optical technology of biocidal treatment of objects and its potential applications for solving the problems of improving the biological safety of agroindustrial enterprises is given. The technology is based on the treatment of chemically and microbiologically polluted environmental objects — water, air, surfaces — with high-intensity pulsed optical radiation of a continuous spectrum. The priority directions of development of plasma-optical equipment for the agroindustrial complex and food production are considered. A new concept of a complex automated system for ensuring biological safety of agricultural enterprises in real time is proposed.

Relevance. The growing population and fierce competition in the global and domestic markets for food products have determined the priority of the digitalization of the reclamation water management complex. The purpose of the work is to highlight the fundamental approaches and promising areas of digitalization of integrated land reclamation.
Methods. The research was based on a systematic approach to the digitalization of land reclamation activities. The results of the analysis of practical experience and the integration of publications of domestic and foreign scientists are supplemented with indicators of heuristic forecasts for the effectiveness of the modernization of production processes and land reclamation enterprises, materials for processing statistical data on the use of digital solutions in agricultural production using instrumental methods and experimental calculations.
Results. The analysis of the current state of digitalization of the sphere of land reclamation activities of the domestic agro-industrial complex has been carried out. The need for modernization of land reclamation facilities based on digital solutions for the technological processes of their design, construction and operation has been identified. The goals and objectives of digitalization of measures, engineering systems and land reclamation facilities are formulated. Promising directions of digital solutions for land reclamation processes based on a platform approach are presented. The structure of the “Digital Reclamation” platform includes functional modules: "Efficient Reclamation and Water Management Complex", "Intellectual Reclamation System", "Smart Reclaimable Field", "Safe Reclamation", "Competitive Enterprise" and "Professional Reclamation", which integrate the entire scope of knowledge, information and data in the field of land reclamation activities, necessary for decision-making and implementation of control actions. The basic tools for the creation, construction and operation of the software and technological complex for the digitalization of the crop production system of reclaimed lands have been determined. The area of expected results of the introduction of digital solutions into the practice of the reclamation sector of the agro-industrial complex has been highlighted. It should be noted that the upcoming global digitalization of land reclamation is inevitable. In the end, those enterprises will win, whose managers understand this earlier, and will begin to introduce digital systems not only within individual technological processes, but also in a complex way.

Relevance. The rational use of secondary raw materials and the development of effective methods for their processing for food purposes is an actual direction. The article presents the results of a study of the physico-chemical properties of finely ground minced chicken heads and feet treated with organic acids (ascorbic, citric, acetic) and pepsin.
Methods. To obtain finely ground minced chicken heads and feet, a fine grinding machine with a gap between the knives of less than 0.1 mm was used. The resulting finely ground minced meat was kept in a solution of organic acids and pepsin in a ratio of 1:1 for up to 24 hours. The determination of the chemical composition, moisture-binding capacity, and yield value was carried out according to standard methods.
Results. Studies have established that the treatment of chicken heads and feet with various organic acids and pepsin leads to a change in the chemical composition. In all samples, regardless of the reagent, there is a significant increase in moisture. Meanwhile, the protein and fat content are reduced. The maximum decrease in protein occurs during exposure to a solution of acetic acid. Exposure in a solution of ascorbic acid significantly reduces the proportion of fats. The results revealed a significant difference in moisture binding capacity after treatment. So, after 3 hours of treatmentwith citric, ascorbic, and acetic acids, the moisture-binding capacity of chicken heads doubled. Treatment with pepsin slightly increased the moisture-binding capacity. Further processing leads to a decrease in moisture-binding capacity. Treatment of minced chicken heads and feet with various reagents leads to loosening of the structure, improvement in consistency and a significant decrease in the yield value. In the course of the research, it was found that treatment with a solution of ascorbic acid provides optimal indicators of the chemical composition, moisture-binding capacity and ultimate shear stress of minced chicken heads and feet.