News, notices, press releases and commercial materials about key events in the agro-industrial complex and agriculture, trends and innovations.

Relevance. The aim of the research is to study the effect of experimental infection of T. spiralis and trichinella products on the embryonic development of rats.

Methods. The experiment was conducted on 3 experimental groups of rats with corresponding controls. The effect of chronic trichinella invasion of various durations (40–60 days and 6–8 months) on the embryonic development of rats was studied in rats of groups 1 and 2. The effect of T. spiralis protein extract on the embryonic development of fetuses from rats, which were intraperitoneally injected with the test product during the critical periods of embryogenesis (4th, 11th and 16th days), was studied on animals of the 3rd group.

Results. The negative effects of Trichinella infection on development of fetuses were detected only in rats on 40–60 days post infection. A statistically significant increase in average number of resorptions, postimplantation and total embryonic mortality were noted. The preimplantation mortality rates did not differ from the control value. Three fetuses with malformations as edema were detected. However, there were no internal anomalies. When assessing the development of fetuses from rats with Trichinella chronic infection with longer duration (6–8 months) the fetus death rates were comparable to the control ones. No fetuses with external or internal malformations were detected.

The tested protein preparation did not show negative effects on the development of embryos. In all variants of the experiment no pathology of skeletal system rudiments was noted.

Avian influenza caused by influenza A viruses poses a serious threat to industrial poultry farming and human health due to the ability of some virus subtypes to cross the species barrier. According to production data, in 2020, 98 cases of outbreaks of influenza A/H5N8 among birds were registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan. As a result of the analysis, the isolated A/H5N8 viruses at the PLREKRRKR/G gradual change sites were derived from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI). Phylogenetic analysis of the isolated isolates based on hemagglutinin allows them to be classified as clade 2.3.4.4b of the Eurasian Lineage II (Eurasian HPAIV H5N8 Lineage II). The homology level of Kazakhstani influenza A virus strains with strains isolated in China in 2020–2021 was 98.42–98.70%.

health, therefore, monitoring the prevalence of these diseases is an urgent area of scientific research.

Methods. The material for the research was stabilized reindeer blood (n = 83). Infection of animals with anaplasmosis, babesiosis, borreliosis, teileriosis and ehrlichiosis was established by PCR with subsequent separation of amplification products by vertical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The morphological profile of the blood was studied using the URIT-3020 analyzer.

Results. The genetic material of the pathogens of the genus Babesia was found in the blood of 18.1% of animals, with a maximum infection rate of adults (20.0%), and the DNA of tayleria was isolated in 2.4% of samples. Anaplasmosis infection averaged 3.6%, with a maximum infection rate of choruses (10.0%). The causative agent of ehrlichiosis was identified in 30.1% of the samples, while in 8.4% the carrier was in the form of monoinfection. Spirochaetosis was detected in 50.6% of the surveyed livestock, with a maximum infection of vazhenok (55.6%). In the form of monoinfection, borreliosis was found in 12.1% of reindeer. Coinfection of borreliosis and ehrlichiosis was most often observed (the average infection with the two pathogens was 19.3%). Mixinfection of Babesia, Borrelia and Ehrlichia was found in 10.8% of reindeer, and simultaneous carriage of Anaplasma, Babesia and Borrelia was detected in 1.2% of the studied livestock. Hematological studies have shown that in all age and gender groups, against the background of infection with vector-borne pathology, there is a decrease in the average volume of red blood cells (by 3.6–8.7%, р ≤ 0.05) and the hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte (by 3.4–4.8%, р ≤ 0.05).

Relevance and methods. Postpartum paresis is one of the serious complications in high-yielding cows after calving affecting the course of the entire lactation, so the focus of attention is on the choice of means of prevention. For these purposes, in the conditions of the breeding farm named after the 50th anniversary of the USSR (Vologda region), the effect of Calci-mix calcium bolus produced by “Agrokon-Vologda” LLC was studied. The cows of the control group were not injected with bolus, the animals of the I experimental group were injected twice — the first time immediately after calving and after 12 hours, the II experimental group — two boluses at once.

Results. During the dry period, the main blood counts of all cows were within the normal range, but after calving before the introduction of the bolus, the calcium content decreased (to 32.8%). On the 1st day after bolus administration, the calcium concentration in cows of the experimental group I was 27.9% higher (p ≤ 0.01), II — by 44.2% (p ≤ 0.01). On the 3rd day in the I and II experimental groups, the calcium content was within the normal range — 2.44 mmol/l (p ≤ 0.05) and 2.43 mmol/l. In the control group, throughout the entire experiment, the calcium concentration was below normal, which led to a decrease in the Ca/R value. The introduction of a bolus allowed to increase the level of ionized calcium in the I and II experimental groups (by 13.3% and 21.2%) and to shift the Ca/R ratio upwards. Thus, the use of bolus had a positive effect and contributed to the replenishment of the lack of Ca in cows in the postpartum period. Taking into account the fact that the introduction of a bolus with a time interval often occurs at night, we consider the most appropriate single injection of two boluses to cows immediately after calving.

The article presents the results of studying the effect of various feed additives — adsorbent “Mustala” based on the mineral shungite (LLC “Nadvoitsky plant TDM” Purecarelia, Russia), prebiotic “Vetelact” (LLC “NVTS Agrovetzashchita”, Russia), probiotic “Profort” and phytobiotic “Intebio” (LLC “Biotrof”, Russia); enzyme preparation “Fidbest R” (ACCORDING to Sibbiopharm, Russia). Two series of experiments were conducted in vivarium conditions. In the first experiment, the effect of the “Vetelact” prebiotic and the “Mustala” sorbent was compared with the control, and in the second, the effect of three drugs: the “Profort” probiotic, the “Intebio” phytobiotic, and the “Feedbest R” enzyme supplement. Further, the evaluation of the “Vetelact” prebiotic was carried out in the conditions of industrial chicken keeping — at the poultry farm of LLC «Poultry Farm “Lindovskaya” — breeding plant» of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

The use of probiotics, as a rule, leads to an increase in the number of one or two types of beneficial microflora, since it contains one or more strains of beneficial microorganisms. In this study, when testing the probiotic “Profort” in the microbiota of blind processes, an increase in lactobacilli was observed, their content increased by more than 2.5 times. Prebiotics contain nutrients for microorganisms and can stimulate the growth of several species at once. In the study, when using the “Vetelact” prebiotic, an increase in bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was noted — by 42.9% and 14.6%, respectively. Drugs that are not intended to directly affect the microbiota, such as sorbents, enzymes, and phytobiotics, have an indirect effect on the microbial profile, which does not always have a positive effect. Thus, the addition of the feed enzyme “Feedbest R” led to an increase in the number of lactobacilli in the microbiota by 4 times, and the sorbent “Mustala” led to a decrease in the number of lactobacilli by 2.3 times.

Relevance. Contemporary poultry farming practices, often involving high stocking densities, can significantly alter the environmental conditions and dietary regimens experienced by chickens. These changes can have detrimental effects on the neurological and cardiovascular health of broiler chickens, ultimately impacting their meat yield. In response to these challenges, poultry producers are increasingly turning to pharmaceutical interventions. These medications aim to regulate cardiovascular function and metabolism, promote bone regeneration, and mitigate stress in birds. The purpose of the work is to assess the effect of “Butamax 200” and “Propranolol” on the productive qualities of broiler chickens.

Results. The dynamics of live weight and growth rates during the rearing of broiler chickens indicate the effectiveness of the use of “Butaphosphane 200” and “Propranolol” preparations. The experimental groups differed in lower feed conversion compared to the control group by 23.11% and 28.3%, respectively. The efficiency index of broiler chicken rearing was significantly higher in the experimental groups. The EIPB of the 1st experimental group was 316 units, and the 2nd experimental group was 352 units, which exceeded the values of the control analogues by 114 and 150 units, respectively.

Relevance. The importance of dairy cattle breeding is determined by the main results — the production of milk and dairy products. Therefore, an urgent area of research is to improve the conditions of maintenance and feeding in the cultivation of dairy cows.

Methods. The research was conducted in 2023–2024 in one of the peasant farms (KFH) of the dairy sector of the Novgorod region. For the experiment, groups of cows-analogues of the black-and-white breed were formed. In addition to the main diet, the experimental group was fed G-500 feed concentrate consisting of a complex of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus licheniformis bacteria at a concentration of 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/g and a mineral feed additive Na₆(FlO₂)6(SiO₂)30x24H₂O produced by JSC NPF “Nov”. 14 days after the end of feeding, control milking and blood tests were performed to detect

the aftereffect of the drugs. Before and during the experiment, the litter and the barn premises were also treated with powder and a solution of thermophilic bacteria “Multi-25”. The resulting milk was analyzed for compliance with GOST 31499-2013 Raw cow’s milk. Statistical data processing was performed in the Microsoft Office Excel program.

Results. As a result of the conducted scientific and economic experience to improve the conditions of maintenance and feeding, the experimental group exceeded the control group by 2.65 liters in average daily milk yield; the fat and protein content in the milk of experimental cows were higher, respectively, by 0.8% and 5.97% compared with the control. The shelf life of milk has increased.

The metabolic processes of the cows improved: the blood of the experimental animals had 5.4% higher total protein content, 17.4% higher creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase — 16% higher compared to the animals of the control group. The higher level of immune protection of the cows of the experimental group confirms the excess of the “albumin — globulin” ratio (by 6.8%) in them.

Today, poultry farming is a highly efficient branch of animal husbandry, and the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) is the most common type of farm animals. Significant changes in the exterior of chickens reflect the acquired biological characteristics of the bird and are closely related to the formed direction of productivity. The article is devoted to the comparison of the exterior profiles of two domestic chicken breeds of different productivity directions: Russian White (egg), Tsarskoye Selo (meat and egg). Exterior assessment occupies an important place in the grading of breeding poultry.

As a result of the study, it was revealed that the body structure of Tsarskoye Selo chickens meets the requirements of a heavy bird with good meat qualities. In comparison with Tsarskoye Selo chickens, Russian White chickens have a more developed abdominal part, in which the egg-forming organs are located. This is confirmed by a significantly smaller difference in the pelvic width (only 0.81 cm). In addition, the Russian White breed of chickens had a high index of legginess — 53.5, compared to the index value of 21.1 for the Tsarskoye Selo breed. The index of latitudinal proportionality for the Tsarskoye Selo breed of chickens is 2 times higher (94.0), which also indicates its productivity direction (meat and egg). Detailing and specifying breeds according to exterior indicators helps in approving new breeding forms of the State Commission of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Relevance. The research is conditioned by the need to find biologically active additives of a new generation to improve the reproductive function of queen bees and increase the honey productivity of bee colonies.

Methods. The research was conducted in 2022–2023 at the experimental apiary of the Federal Scientific Center for Bast Crops of the Pskov region.

Control group I received a 40% sucrose solution as a top dressing. Experimental group II received a 40% sucrose solution with additional administration of 98.7% “Arabinogalactan” and 1.3% silver at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight of bees. Experimental group III received a 40% sucrose solution with additional administration of the biologically active additive “ExtraCor” at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight of bees. The quality assessment of natural bee honey was carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 19792-2001 and GOST R 52451-2005.

Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the addition of experimental dietary supplement “Arabinogalactan” (98.7%) with silver (1.3%) to a 40% sucrose solution significantly affected the increase in the egg production of queens by 12.9%, which affected the faster development of families and the yield of commercial honey, which increased by 36.8%. The addition of the biologically active additive “ExtraCor” to a 40% sucrose solution led to an increase in the egg production of queens by 13.4%, an increase in the yield of commercial honey was 32.7%.

The incubation eggs of the Cobb 500 cross (Hendrix Genetics), Ross 308 cross (Aviagen®), “Smena 9” cross from the All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry Farming were monitored. The physico-chemical parameters and physico-mechanical properties of the shell were evaluated and differences in the mineral composition were revealed: macro-, micro-, ultramicroelements. Morphometric and physico-chemical constants of the incubation egg contents have been established. The content of the main biologically active substances and the mineral composition of protein and yolk were compared. A method for evaluating an incubation egg is proposed for predicting hatch rates based on the principal component method and ranking ranges. Information has been obtained, the use of which significantly increases the efficiency of productive incubation indicators in meat poultry farming with specified parameters of egg fertilization productivity of 95–96.5%, with the hatching of chickens from 75 to 85%. 23–24 indicators reflecting the physical, mechanical, chemical, morphometric and weight indicators of incubation eggs are identified. It is recommended to use approximate reference values of quality indicators for specified productivity parameters. It is proposed to grade incubation eggs into four grades (AA, A, B, C) and rank them into four ranks (I, II, III, IV). The best option in terms of productivity is AA rank, a more significant indicator is I, a less significant rank is IV.

Relevance. Accounting for live weight in reindeer husbandry is an important indicator for breeding, but due to the difficulty of determining it, there is a need to develop a predictive matrix of animal weight through biometric exterior measurements. 

The purpose of the study is to develop a model for predicting the live weight of reindeer using regression analysis. 

Methods. The research was carried out using exterior measurements and weighing results of Nenets reindeer (males n = 48, females n = 50) from the Tazovsky district on the Yamal Peninsula at the age of 2 to 9 years. Calculation of statistical parameters, visualization of correlation data and regression analysis using the least squares method were carried out in MS Excel and R-studio.

Results. The greatest variability among exterior measurements was noted in the indicators “chest width CW” (9.6%) and “live weight LW” (9.4%). When conducting a correlation analysis, multicollinearity was revealed between the height at the withers HW and the height at the elbow HE r = 0.824 (p ≤ 0.001). High and significant correlations of live weight LW with chest depth CD and chest girth CG r = 0.651 and r = 0.687  (p ≤ 0.001), head length HL r = 0.678 (p ≤ 0.001), height at withers HW r = 0.663 (p ≤ 0.001) and body length BL r = 0.639 (p ≤ 0.001). The most effective model m2 was determined, including chest girth and body length in its structure, the coefficient of determination of which was R2 = 0.70, with multiple R = 0.83, which reflects 70% of the explained variable in the model, with an approximation of 4.2%. As a result, a table was created for predicting the live weight of reindeer using biometric data, which will help simplify selection and breeding work in future populations of hard-to-reach areas.

The leukemia virus causes persistent lymphocytosis in cattle, resulting to significant economic losses. There are genetic mechanisms of resistance to the development of the disease. It is important to monitor cattle herds for carriage of the leukemia virus and genotype animals to identify alleles associated with resistance to leukemia development.

The aim of the work is to assess changes in allele frequencies of the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus in the blackand-white breed of cattle due to breeding work. Samples of biological material from modern animals of the black-and-white breed (BLWT_MOD, n = 10), as well as archival samples of animals used in breeding work in the late 70s — early 80s of the twentieth century (BLWT_OLD, n = 10) were studied. Based on the complete sequences of the 2nd exon, the allele polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus was determined. A decrease in allelic diversity was observed: 14 unique alleles were identified in the modern population, and 17 in the archived population. As a result of the breeding work in the modern population, the proportion of resistant alleles in the modern population increased by 33.33%, and the proportion of sensitive alleles by 50% compared to the archived one. The proportion of neutral alleles or alleles with unknown status in the modern population has decreased slightly (by 23.08%). The enrichment of the modern population of black-and-white cattle with alleles associated with sensitivity to leukemia may be associated both with their introduction into the gene pool as a result of crossbreeding with Holstein bulls, and with the breeding work aimed at increasing milk productivity. Significant economic losses as a result of low productive longevity of leukemia-sensitive animals require adjustment of the breeding work taking into account the allelic status.

Relevance. The genetic structure of autochthonous sheep breeds is of particular interest, since it allows us to assess the ways of spreading the genetic streams of ancient sheep breeding, as well as to identify molecular genetic systems and their polymorphism associated with mechanisms of adaptation to changing environmental conditions. In order to compare the genetic structures of coarse-haired sheep breeds — Karachay, Kalmyk and Edilbaevskaya, differing in origin and breeding conditions, the features of genetic structures were evaluated by polylocus genotyping of highly polymorphic genomic elements — long terminal repeats of five retrotransposons: SIRE-1, PaswS 5, BARE-1, BERV β-3 and BERV k-1. As a result, data were obtained on the high polymorphism of genomic DNA fragments flanked by inverted repeats of the sites of these retrotransposons, and for three of them (SIRE-1, PaswS 5 and BARE-1) Kalmyk and Edilba sheep turned out to be closer to each other than to the Karachai sheep, which corresponds to the accumulated data on the uniqueness of origin and habitat conditions the Karachai breed.

The biodiversity reduction and the rapid disappearance of autochthonous farm animal breeds pose a real threat to the development of agriculture on a global scale. This is of particular importance in connection with climate change, an increase of anthropogenic pressure, and the accumulation of genotoxic human waste. The need to study the genetic resources of autochthonous breeds, as a rule, reproduced in areas of risky animal husbandry, is due not only to the tasks of their conservation, but also to study the mechanism of molecular genetic bases of adaptation to adverse environmental factors (in particular, in mammals).

The aim of the work is to select DNA markers characterized by high polymorphism and easily accessible enough for polylocus genotyping in the Karachai horse breed, characterized by high adaptation to mountain hypoxia.

Polymorphism of fragments of horse genomic DNA flanked by inverted sections of long terminal repeats of four endogenous retroviruses: SIRE-1, PawS5, BERV k-1 and BERV β-3 was evaluated as DNA markers.As a result of the research, data were obtained that the most polymorphic sections of the genomic DNA of the Karachai horse are short fragments flanked by inverted repeats of SIRE-1 and BERV β-3, which can be used to identify the intrabreed diversity of the genetic structure of the Karachai horse..

Steppe ecosystems are the most important terrestrial ecosystems for the national economy in Russia, on which the bulk of Russian agriculture has been based for almost two centuries. At the same time, the steppe is one of the most vulnerable natural ecosystems, as it is influenced by various environmental factors (natural, anthropogenic, man–made). The most tangible environmental factor — anthropogenic — is the downside of human agricultural activity. The removal of virgin steppes for arable land, unregulated livestock, excess of pasture load in excess of permissible norms led to the loss of former biodiversity, a high degree of disturbance of steppe ecosystems, and in some cases, a complete loss of soil fertility and vegetation cover, and as a result to desertification of the territory. In the current situation, the steppe ecosystems of Russia, including the Stavropol Territory, need restoration measures aimed at reducing and preventing the scale of degradation of steppe territories, improving soil cover and vegetation, increasing biodiversity and productivity of natural grasslands. The lost steppe vegetation should be returned to its original habitat. It is necessary to gradually resume the native flora, based on the use of resourcesaving technologies for restoring natural vegetation and preserving virgin areas of steppe communities. However, the recognition by society of the indisputable importance and value of steppe ecosystems is no less significant. And of course, the legal status.

Relevance. The Irkutsk-Cheremkhovskaya plain, which makes up 11% of the territory of the Irkutsk region, where the main part of farmland is located, has relatively good natural and climatic conditions. The area of agricultural land in the region is 4%, in some areas — up to 48%, of which more than half (and in remote areas more than 70%) have been abandoned since the 1990s — after the “restructuring” of the state system.

The purpose of the work is to assess the state of soil fertility of used and abandoned agricultural lands.

Methods. The assessment of the soil condition was carried out according to the author’s methodology in the form of generalizing data and a system of indices of individual indicators.

Results. It was found that the soils of arable land and deposits in remote areas (Osinsky, Bokhansky etc.) have the best fertility indicators, the worst (according to the results of these studies) are the soils of the Irkutsk region. The soils of the developed part of the territory of the region (Cheremkhovsky, Bayandaevsky and Ehirit-Bulagatsky districts) are assessed mainly as “good” and “satisfactory” according to the main agrophysical and agrochemical indicators (sometimes “excellent”, rarely “unsatisfactory”). Excellent soil condition is observed in the background areas untouched by human economic activity. The soils of the arable lands used near large settlements in almost all areas require the introduction of mineral potash and phosphorus fertilizers, less often nitrogen (mineral or organic). There is a reserve of agricultural land for use in the form of abandoned land, but sometimes they need agrochemical, agrotechnical and other measures, since the soils have not yet recovered enough.

Relevance. Breeding studies on testing the seed offspring of valuable forest-forming breeds of the Russian Federation are of great practical importance and become even more relevant during the transition to intensive forest cultivation and the introduction of genetic methods in forestry.

The purpose of this work was to assess the level of variability in the growth of the half-sibs offspring Pinus sibirica Du Tour at the age of 19 years.

Methods. The growth of half-sibs offspring of Siberian cedar of 19-year-old biological age has been studied. Studies were carried out in experimental cultures of the educational and experimental forestry enterprise of Siberian State University named after M.F. Reshetnev. This territory, according to forestgrowing zoning, belongs to the Central Siberian sub-taiga-forest-steppe region. In half-sibs offspring obtained from free pollination of maternal plants of different geographical origin, the height and diameter of the trunk were studied 5 cm from the surface of the earth. An index score of offspring was used to assess overall combinational ability.

Results. The results of the study showed manifestations of polymorphism in the growth rate of semi-Siberian cedar offspring of Siberian 19-year-old biological age. It is obtained from the free pollination of mother plants of different geographical origin and forms growing in plantation crops. Significant differences in height and stem diameter at the root neck were noted, depending on the initial origin of the parent trees and the composition of pollinators. It is noted that, regardless of the combination of genes, the semi-hybrids of the mother trees of the Tisulsky, Cheremkhovsky, Tansybeysky, Altai, and local (Biryusinsky) genotypes maintain a high growth rate. The maternal trees of the Leninogorsk population (Republic of Kazakhstan) were distinguished by a weak general combinational ability. The conducted index assessment of the offspring over two years of observation allowed us to confirm the noted patterns in the manifestation of signs of maternal plants in terms of growth rate and to isolate some of them, characterized by high combinational ability. In general, there is a high polymorphism and differentiation of families in terms of growth rate.

Relevance. To increase the productivity and sustainability of artificial protective plantings, along with forestry activities, much attention is paid to the issues of genetic certification. Genotyping of the genus Caragana complex can currently only be carried out using nonspecific markers, since the genome of the studied objects growing in areas with an arid climate has not been sequenced. The purpose of the study was to genotype the Caragana genus complex using ISSR in an area with a characteristic arid climate.

Methods. To implement the planned program, field and laboratory experiments were carried out according to existing and newly developed methods.

Results. The study showed that loci UBC 880 (1100 bp) and UBC 818 (450 bp) may be markers of C. arborescens f. pyramidalis “Incomparable VNIALMI”, C. arborescens — UBC 823 (650 bp) and for C. frutex — UBC 815 (500 bp). The results obtained confirm the success of the new variety and its high resistance to drought. C. arborescens f. Pyramidalis “Incomparable VNIALMI” can be recommended for protective afforestation and agroforestry in arid areas.

Relevance. Due to the versatility of its use, the annual astra has become widespread in many countries of the world and in Russia. The range of plants is expanding annually due to the introduction of wild species into the culture and the creation of new varieties.

Methods. To obtain economically valuable mutations, the methods of chemical and radiomutagenesis were used in the work. In 2010, experience was established to study the effects of an aqueous solution of colchicine in concentrations 0,05%, 0,1%, 0,5%, 1,0% for seeds of 14 varieties of aster (repeated in 2021). The first experiments on irradiation of callistephus seeds were carried out in 2002–2005. Dry seeds of annual aster (10–15 varieties) were irradiated with the radioisotope 60Со in the GUR-120 installation at the Kurchatov Institute Research Center — All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology.

Results. During the years of research, plants with late flowering periods, high double inflorescence, and low bush habit were obtained. Such a high diversity of variability confirms the assumption that it is possible to obtain varieties with new characteristics. As a result of the work, families were selected that have high decorative qualities and resistance to fusarium and jaundice. The optimal irradiation power of 0.9 Gy/s with a total radiation dose of 20–90 Gy/s has been established. In 2023, patents were obtained for new varieties of universal purpose Star of Stavropol, Sapphire, Raspberry, Gentle, Ladnaya, Silvery, they were entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements. About 1,000 plants are selected annually to consolidate homozygosity of traits. Plants that have significant differences in many respects continue to stand out. This is how the new variety type Delight was identified. Work in this direction continues.

Relevance. Regular veterinary and sanitary control of the safety and quality of animal products does not imply zinc testing. Although the role and importance of this element is largely due to its quantity. At the same time, the zinc content in milk is not constant and is due to its content in soils and feeds, and the physiology of a dairy cow. After extensive studies of zinc in milk, we calculated a number of multiple regression equations to predict zinc levels based on its biochemical analysis in order to minimize costs.

Methods. The analysis of biochemical parameters of cow’s milk was performed using the MilkoScan 7 / Fossomatic 7 DC system (Denmark). Zinc was studied using an atomic absorption spectrometer with deuterium and Zeeman correction ZEEnit 650 P.

Results. The average zinc content in milk was set at 3017.7 mcg/l. The degree of influence of the biochemical analysis data on the resulting variable (Zn) showed the high importance of the variable’s fat mass fraction, freezing point and pH (p = 0.006, 0.0001, 0.00003, respectively). The equation is characterized by a high multiple correlation coefficient (0.92) and is significant according to the F-criterion = 5,41E43, the adjusted value of R² = 0.83, which can be considered a good result. Working with regression forecasting models allows for a preliminary assessment of the zinc level in milk according to its biochemical analysis, without additional financial burden on production and better control of its content in milk.

In this work, a functional drink was obtained based on reconstituted dry whey and a triple chelate complex of the essential trace element zinc. The synthesis was carried out by mechanically mixing 3-pyridinecarboxamide, L-lysine monohydrochloride, barium hydroxide 8-aqueous and zinc sulfate 7-aqueous with the addition of 30 ml of distilled water. Next, the absorption spectrum of the sample was obtained, using which the maximum of the absorption band of the triple chelate complex (λ = 260 nm) was determined. At the next stage, computer quantum-chemical modeling was carried out, as a result of which it was determined that the interaction of the essential trace element zinc with 3-pyridinecarboxamide and L-lysine occurs through the secondary amino group and carboxyl group and through the carboxyl group and α-amino group, respectively. Then, optimization of the synthesis technique of the triple chelate complex was carried out. Using neural network data processing, it was found that the optimal concentrations of the components are: C (ZnSO₄) = 0.376 mol/l, C (C₆H₅NO₂) = 0.545 mol/l, C (C₆H₁₄N₂O₂) = 0.528 mol/l.

Next, a functional milk drink was obtained containing 7.5% whey, 7.5% molasses and 0.13 ml of the complex. Then the drink was subjected to ultrasonic treatment with different amplitudes. Then, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, pH, antioxidant activity and average hydrodynamic radius were studied. As a result, it was found that when adding a triple chelate complex to the functional milk drink, as well as at the maximum amplitude of ultrasound treatment, an increase in titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, antioxidant activity and a decrease in the average hydrodynamic radius are observed, which allows us to conclude that the use of the complex is beneficial, as well as conducting ultrasound treatment with maximum amplitude. At the next stage, an organoleptic assessment of the resulting functional drink was carried out, as a result of which it was found that for implementation in dairy industry enterprises, it is recommended to use a sample enriched with a chelate zinc complex, which was subjected to ultrasound treatment with maximum amplitude.

Relevance. Whole grain products are becoming increasingly popular in industrialized countries due to their high content of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Soaking wheat grain is a crucial stage in the production of whole grain bread. To improve the quality and health benefits of whole grain bread, enzyme preparations based on cellulase are used during the grain soaking stage. This biotechnological technique influences the localization and content of key biologically active substances in the grain. New knowledge about the redistribution of chemical compounds within wheat grain during enzymatic hydrolysis will help develop guidelines for optimizing the soaking process.

Methods. The study presents experimental data on the effect of a complex enzyme preparation based on cellulase and sodium selenite, introduced during wheat grain soaking, on changes in the microstructure of the main morphological parts of the grain, antioxidant activity, the content of chemical compounds determining antioxidant activity, and the distribution of mineral elements within the grain kernel.

Results. Soaking Nadir wheat grain in a buffered solution of an enzyme preparation based on cellulase and sodium selenite for 10 hours under optimal conditions for enzyme action results in a modification of the microstructure of the grain’s morphological parts. Antioxidant activity increases by 9.3% (DPPH radical inhibition), total flavonoid content (by 0.05%), anthocyanin content (by 0.132%), and glutathione content (by 12 mg%) compared to the grain soaked in water. Biologically active mineral elements and selenium accumulate in the germ after grain fermentation.

Relevance. The study, the results of which are presented in this article, is focusedon the specification of various aspects of providing the population with food products, both purely conceptual (clarification of some fundamental concepts in this research topic) and practice-oriented (identification of factors influencing the country’s food security both in a negative and positive way).

Methods. The review and analytical methods used in the work and covering a scrupulous study of the results of modern research on the topic of food security and innovative practices for its provision in Russia and other countries of the world, give the obtained generalizations theoretical and practical significance. The information materials used in the study (including statistical ones), taken from official sources, including information from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, international organizations, confirm its objectivity and reliability.

Results. The main results of the study should include, firstly, the specification of the basic elements of the modern concept of food security, including (1) self-sufficiency in the most important types of agricultural products, (2) availability of important food products for the population of the country (region), (3) stability, flexibility and adaptability of the environment that determines the provision of the population with basic types of food, secondly, an assessment of the current level of food security in the Russian Federation, thirdly, the definition of key factors influencing the achievement of food security in the context of modern challenges and threats of a biological, climatic and geopolitical nature

Relevance. The article presents the results of an economic assessment, including net income, payback and profitability of production, when using multi-purpose compost and its modifications — organomicroelement complexes: 1. Multi-purpose compost + [Zn + Mo]; 2. Multi-purpose compost +

+ [Zn + Cu]) in the grain-grass crop rotation.

Methods. Field studies were carried out in the link of the grain-grass crop rotation at the Gubino agropolygon (Tver region, VNIIMS) on sod-weakly podzolic deep and strongly gluey light loamy drained soil on a carbonate moraine. The economic efficiency of fertilizer use was assessed using standard methods.

Results. An increase in profitability of 6.6–22.9% and ensuring the profitability of crop production at the level of 237.8–264.8% due to organic fertilizers are shown. It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers leads to a decrease in profitability by 9% due to costs due to the high cost of the fertilizers themselves and the cost of their application. It was determined that the organomicroelement complex — Multi-purpose compost + [Zn + Mo] provides the maximum average annual profitability of production of 264.8% and the maximum increase in profitability by 23% relative to the control (option without fertilizers). It has been proven that in the first year of crop rotation, the application of organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as their cost, increase production costs by 2.5–3.0 times relative to subsequent years. A statistically significant correlation was found between the yield of crops in the crop rotation and costs: r = 0.61 in the first year, r = 0.97–0.99 in the years after the effects of fertilizers.