News, notices, press releases and commercial materials about key events in the agro-industrial complex and agriculture, trends and innovations.

This paper describes the results of a study of the bioequivalence of the generic drug “Hollicalm” in comparison with the reference drug “Sereniya”. The experiment was carried out on 6 dogs. For this experiment, a sequential bioequivalence study design was used. The period between the administration of reference and generic drugs to animals was 72 hours. The drugs were administered to dogs once, individually, orally. The study drugs contained 60 mg of maropitant per tablet. The dose of the active substance that was administered to each animal was 8 mg of maropitant per 1 kg of animal weight. Blood samples were taken from dogs before drug administration, then at 14 time points within 48 hours to subsequently obtain blood serum. The content of maropitant was determined in the samples of blood serum using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry detection. The obtained concentrations of the active substance served as the basis for calculating its pharmacokinetic parameters in dogs. The statistical analysis showed that two-sided confidence intervals for the Cmax and AUC_0-t ratios were in the range of 80–125%. The results of the study allowed us to draw a conclusion about the bioequivalence of the drugs “Hollicalm” and “Sereniya”.

The article presents the results of a study on the primary incidence of malignant tumors in dogs and cats in Moscow over the period from January 1, 2023, to July 1, 2024. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Diseases of Small Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals and the Research Laboratory of Oncology, Ophthalmology and Animal Biochemistry of the Russian Biotechnological University “ROSBIOTECH”. The study included 208 cats and 325 dogs with primary, spontaneous malignant tumors of various origins. To confirm the diagnosis, a comprehensive approach was used, including clinical examination, hematological tests, and special diagnostic techniques such as ultrasonography, radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Verification of the tumor process was based on cytological and histological methods.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the structure of the incidence of small domestic animals with malignant tumors. As a result, we identified the most common types of tumors in cats and dogs. In cats, breast carcinoma was the most common type (44.23%), followed by lymphoma (18.27%), sarcomas (13.46%) and carcinomas (13.94%), as well as squamous cell carcinoma (6.25%). In dogs, breast carcinoma also accounted for the majority of cases (37.23%), along with sarcomas (23.38%), mastocytomas (16.31%), and carcinomas (14.15%).

Relevance. The problem in timely detection of this infection is that poultry contaminated with salmonellae may not show clinical signs of the disease. Polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of avian salmonellosis is designed for direct detection and identification of pathogenic agents, especially in cases where their detection is difficult by other diagnostic methods. Advantages of PCR tests allow to successfully use this method in veterinary laboratory practice. The aim of this work is to conduct comparative tests of diagnostic PCR kits of different manufacturers in the diagnosis of avian salmonellosis.

Methods. To conduct comparative studies of pathological material for the presence of the DNA of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium by molecular biological method, three commercial kits of domestic and imported production for isolation and detection of Salmonella DNA by PCR were used. Determination of the possibility of using membrane glass fiber materials, in the form of cards for taking dry samples of pathogenic material, for subsequent PCR was carried out in comparative tests with parallel studies of biomaterial delivered to the laboratory in frozen form.

Results. Comparative studies of pathological material for the presence of Salmonella spp. DNA using three commercial kits for the isolation and detection of Salmonella DNA by polymerase chain reaction, imported and domestic production were carried out. It was found that when comparing the results obtained using kits of different manufacturers for the presence of Salmonella spp. DNA, comparable results were observed. The study was performed within the framework of the state assignment No. FGUG-2022-0009 of (FSC VIEV).

Relevance. The use of antimicrobial agents and vaccine prophylaxis are the main ways to prevent and control most diseases of bacterial etiology. At the same time, uncontrolled use of antimicrobial agents without determining the sensitivity of microorganisms, as a rule, does not give the opportunity to obtain a positive therapeutic result. At the same time, a competently designed scheme of inactivated vaccine administration, taking into account the epizootic situation, is an effective and safe tool for controlling bacterial diseases.

In this regard, the results of testing of vaccine samples against bacterial diseases of birds based on the modernized oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 78 VG presented in this article are interesting and modern.

Methods. Four vaccine samples were manufactured for research based on the oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 78 VG. The first sample of the vaccine is against avian salmonellosis, the second — against avian pasteurellosis, the third — against avian respiratory mycoplasmosis, the fourth — against avian hemophilosis. All manufactured vaccine samples were investigated for sterility, stability and viscosity of the emulsion according to generally accepted methods. To determine the reactogenicity and antigenic activity of the vaccine samples, young egg-laying hens aged 25–40 days were used.

Results. Analysis of the obtained results of physical and biological properties of tested inactivated vaccines against bacterial diseases of birds allows us to conclude that the vaccine against respiratory mycoplasmosis of birds made on the basis of adjuvant Montanide ISA 78 VG is a safe and effective immunobiological preparation.

In the clinically healthy cows of the Holstein breed (n = 20), a hormonal background was studied during theperiod of deepness and after the edema. For this purpose, the concentration of kisspeptin, testosterone and cortisol was determined in serum cows in the blood cows. The animals conducted regular observation with the conduct of clinical and obstetric and gynecological studies. Depending on the concentration of glucose and beta-hydroxybutyric acid on the 5th day after calving, the cows were divided into two groups. The first group included 15 heads with a glucose concentration greater than 3 mmol/l and a beta-hydroxybutyric acid level below 1 mmol/l. In the second group, 5 heads had violations in energy exchange (glucose levels less than 3 mmol/l, beta-hydroxybutyric acid above 1 mmol/l). On the 15th day after the hotel, normalization of energy homeostasis was recorded. The concentration of kisspeptin in the preventive period in both groups decreased to the hotel. At the same time, the concentration of kisspeptin in the blood of animals in the group with energy exchange disorders was 2.4–3 times higher on the 9th, 7th and 5th days before calving (p < 0.01–0.05) compared with the first group. In production experience, the concentration of all three hormones after the hotel decreased with significant intergroup differences. The level of kisspeptin was reliably higher in the preventive period in the experimental group and on the 5th day after the hotel (p < 0.05). The cortisole level was held at a high level of up to 7 days after the hotel (p < 0.05). The concentration of testosterone in the blood throughout the transit period was reliably high in the animals of the experimental group.

Relevance. The quality of milk depends on the season, the breed of animals, the state of metabolism, the features of feeding technology and maintenance, and the feed additives fed. The doses of their feeding can affect the composition of milk.

Methods. The content of mass fractions of fat, protein, lactose, its acidity, as well as the content of urea, acetone, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid in milk were determined.

Results. The introduction of an experimental feed additive into the feeding rations of dairy cows had an impact on the change in the values of the indicators studied in milk. Moreover, not all the studied indicators changed under the influence of feeding this supplement. So, if we correlate the results obtained with changes in control, then, according to the authors, it is correct to talk about its significant effect on the change in the value of the mass fraction of protein in milk and the values of milk acidity: feeding in the diet of a feed additive at a dose of 1.0 kg and 1.5 kg leads to a significant increase in the mass fraction of protein in milk by 0.18% (p ˂ 0.01) and 0.15% (p ˂ 0.01), respectively, as well as a significant shift in the active acidity of milk to the alkaline side by 1.56% (p ˂ 0.001) and 0.78% (p ˂ 0.05), respectively.

Methods. This scientific and economic experiment was conducted under the conditions of the Moscow Region on 3 groups of Holstein breed cows showing milk yield of 8000 kg to study the efficiency of rationing of the content of non-degradable protein in feed rations for highly productive cows upon the use of various sources of protected plant-based protein.

Results. It was found that the increase in content of non-degradable protein from 35% in the control group to 40% in experimental groups I and II for the period from day 21 until day 100 of lactation by feeding corn gluten (0.85 kg) and extruded soy protein concentrate (1.0 kg) accordingly instead of sunflower meal (1.2 kg) in the control group, with the similar concentration of raw protein of 17.2% in dry matter of the feed, contributed to the increase in milk yield with 4% fat content over 100 days of lactation by 6.3% and 8.5% (p ≤ 0.05) and the increase in feed costs (ME) by 5.3–6.7%. In physiological studies, an increase in the digestibility of crude protein by 2.0% and 3.2% abs (p ≤ 0.05), in groups of cows receiving protected protein supplements, as well as a tendency for more intensive digestion of crude fat by 1.2% and 2.2% abs. (p ≤ 0.1). Economic calculations showed that the use of the studied protein supplements in the diets of animals of experimental groups I and II made it possible to reduce the cost of 1 c of milk with basic fat content by 41.8 and 56.0 rubles, while receiving additional profit in the amount of 2845.1 and 3861.3 rubles compared to control.

Bran, as a source of fiber in diets, is no longer perceived as an anti-nutritional component; on the contrary, it is considered as a prebiotic, stimulating the functioning of the intestinal microbiome and a factor reducing the cost of the diet. At the same time, there remains a need to level out some negative aspects in the form of an increase fiber for and a decrease in the absorption of mineral elements from diets, in particular calcium. 

Extrusion can be a method of reducing antinutritional properties and improving the functional properties of feeds with increased availability of components. The purpose of the study was to study the effect of feeding co-extruded diet components: wheat bran and limestone flour on feed digestibility, morphometric characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract and the state of its microbiome, as well as the metabolism of calcium-codependent minerals in the skeletal structure.

The combined extrusion of wheat bran and limestone flour, as a source of calcium, led to improved digestibility of nutrients (crude fat) in poultry. Analysis of mineral metabolism showed an increase in the content of iron, zinc and magnesium in bone tissue, and calcium, zinc, copper and magnesium in the femur of birds of group II in comparison with I. Changes in the microbiome of the cecum, when feeding extrudate with calcium carbonate, were associated with an increase in the proportion of bacteria (Faecalibacterium), which are active producers of a number of short-chain fatty acids (propionate, butyrate). As a result, the prospect of using jointly extruded components: carbohydrate (bran) and mineral (limestone flour) in feeds as part of the functional and economic optimization of diets is shown.

In this paper, the authors evaluated the metabolic parameters of the scar content as a result of the transformation of a vegetable substrate (linseed cake) in the design of a bioreactor (continuous fermenter).

Methods. The study was carried out in vitro using a specialized technique using a bioreactor, the duration of fermentation in which was 20 days of continuous fermentation without additional addition of a substrate. The scar content was obtained from Kazakh white-headed bull calves aged 15 months with chronic scar fistula. The level of volatile fatty acids in the contents of the rumen was determined by gas chromatography. The chemical composition of the test substrate was determined according to generally accepted methods.

Results. Continuous fermentation of linseed cake in a bioreactor for 14 days showed the ability of this substrate to maintain the activity of the scar microbiota for the decomposition of nutritional components. As a result of the splitting of flaxseed cake, the preservation of a sufficiently high level of volatile fatty acids and nitrogen metabolites in the rumen inoculum was noted, as well as an increase in the digestibility of DM, CF, CP in this feed medium, was noted. The results of this study show that flaxseed cake can be used for the synthesis of microbial protein and as a source of protein and fat when added to the diet of ruminants using a continuous cultivation system.

Relevance. Aquaculture is an intensively developing industry worldwide and is an important source of food for the population. Satisfaction of nutritional needs in micronutrients is a physiologically significant part of fish nutrition and, as a result, ensures their health. Currently, various approaches are being used to ensure the resistance of fish to diseases of various etiologies and to increase their productivity. One of the promising methodological approaches is the study of the fish microbiome as a sustainable alternative to improve aquaculture methods.

The aim of the study was to study the degree of relationship between the composition of the intestinal microflora and the level of essential elements in the body of carp (Cyprinus caprio) against the background of the use of feed additives “Bubitan” and “Intebio”.

Methods. The object of research was carp yearlings (n = 60) grown in the conditions of LLC “Irikla-fish” (Orenburg region). Feed additives “Intebio” and “Butitan” were used as growth and development regulating factors. Dynamic indicators of changes in the species composition of the intestinal microbiome and elemental status were carried out using metagenomic sequencing, atomic emission (NPP-ISP) and mass spectrometry (MS-ISP) methods.

Results.The data obtained indicate a significant effect of the tested phytobiotics on the indices of indigenous microflora. The closest indicators of the distribution of taxonomic groups of intestinal microbiocenosis in relation to the control were registered against the background of the use of the phytobiotic «Butitan». Correlation analysis of the data allows us to state with a high level of reliability that a significant increase in the number of microorganisms of the genus Hydrotalea and Flavobacterium has a positive effect on the degree of assimilation of macro- and microelements from the feed.

Relevance. Interbreeding or hybridization is an important factor in increasing pig productivity. As a result of the heterosis effect, the multiplicity of sows increases, the safety of offspring increases, the growth rate of young animals improves, the quality of meat improves and, as a result, the profitability of the pig industry increases.

Methods. The paper evaluates the influence of boar producers from the companies PIC, Genesus Genetics and Hypor on the reproductive qualities of sows of a large white breed from the company Hypor. To implement the experiment, according to the principle of pairs of analogues, 3 groups of sows of a large white breed from the company Hypor were formed, 5 heads each. The sows of group 1 were inseminated with the seed of Landrace boars from PIC, group 2 with the seed of Landrace boars from Genesus Genetics, group 3 with the seed of Landrace boars from Hypor.

Results. In scientific and economic experience, it was found that the multiplicity of sows of the 3rd group amounted to 13.0 heads, which is 7.7% less than in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups. The number of piglets at the time of weaning in groups 1 and 2 per sow was 12, which is 5.3% more than in group 3. For 1 kg of live weight gain, 9.38 EQ was spent on farrowing in the 3rd group, which is 8.1% more than in the 1st and 8.4% more than in the 2nd experimental group. Based on 1000 rubles of feed consumed, in addition, compared with the 3rd group (5.44 rubles), more live weight gain was obtained in the 1st experimental (by 0.44 rubles) and in the 2nd experimental (by 0.47 rubles) groups.

The article presents the results of an evaluation of the breeding and genetic parameters of milk productivity and breeding qualities of zeboid-type black-and-white cows. The level of coefficient of variability, interrelation and coefficient of heritability of indicators of dairy productivity of cows for the first, third and highest lactation in the herd of the Experimental station “Snegiri” — a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Istra district, Moscow region) has been established. Currently, the herd at the experimental station consists of hybrid cattle created by crossbreeding black-and-white cattle with various zeboid subspecies (New Zealand, Indian, Azerbaijani, and Cuban), as well as with purebred Holstein-Friesians. As a result of extensive breeding work involving distant hybridization, unique animals have been developed that exhibit increased disease resistance, significant adaptive potential, and are undemanding in terms of feed and housing conditions under intensive milk production technology. Generally, the milk from zeboidtype black-and-white cattle is characterized by a comparatively higher concentration of nutrients — fats, proteins, milk sugar, and essential amino acids. The high nutritional value of the milk, combined with the enhanced adaptive abilities, characterizes the zeboid-type black-and-white cattle as potentially valuable animals, making breeding work with them justifiably highly relevant. The evaluation of breeding and genetic parameters will help uncover the potential for milk productivity, determine the directions for breeding work, and adjust selection methods to further enhance production and improve the breeding qualities of this type of dairy cattle.

Relevance. Creating a highly productive dairy herd of cattle, characterized by good health and a long service life, suitable for industrial milk production technology, is impossible without a systematic assessment of animals based on the exterior and morphofunctional properties of the udder.

Methods. The research was carried out in 2023 in the breeding reproducer of “Tselinnoye” LLC, Shirinsky district. The exterior was studied in cows of the first, second, third and older lactation, as well as on the herd average by measuring body measurements and calculating body composition indices. The assessment of the morphological properties of the udder of the studied cows was carried out at 2–3 months of lactation, 1–1.5 hours before milking.

Results. In terms of the size of the exterior measurements, red-motley cows correspond to the indicators of the desired type (on average for the herd, height at the withers is 136.15 cm, chest depth is 74.60 cm, chest width is 43.83 cm, chest girth is 198.45 cm, oblique length of the body — 159.57 cm, width at the hip joints — 53.50 cm, at the hip joints — 50.58 cm, oblique length of the butt — 53.55 cm, semi-circumference of the butt — 107.20 cm, metacarpus circumference — 19.54 cm), according to body indexes, they are characterized by a milk-meat body type (extension index — 117.25%, chest — 58.78%, hip-thoracic — 82.07%, tightness — 124.54%). The udder measurements are quite large (length — 44.48 cm, width — 34.42 cm, girth — 136.45 cm, depth of the anterior lobe — 31.72 cm, posterior — 31.30 cm), however, it is necessary to improve the uniformity of size and location nipples through selection for this trait.

Relevance. Increasing the milk productivity of ewes is an important factor for improving the meat qualities of the offspring. The study of the influence of the milk productivity of ewes on the results of the control slaughter of rams of the Edilbaev breed, as well as the morphological and chemical composition of lamb, will allow optimizing the technology of growing and fattening young animals to obtain high-quality meat.

Methods. A scientific and economic experiment was carried out. The material for the experiment was sheep at the ages of 4 and 7 months. 3 groups of sheep were formed, obtained from abundant dairy queens with milk productivity per lactation (120 days) — 89.55 liters (group I of sheep), medium-dairy — 71.6 liters (group II), low-dairy — 48.4 liters (group III). To conduct the experiment, in accordance with generally accepted methods, young animals were selected according to the principle of analogues, taking into account gender, age, type of birth (males), and body weight.

Results. The results obtained indicate that an increase in the milk productivity of ewes leads to an improvement in the meat qualities of rams of the Edilbaev breed. Lambs born from ewes with high milk productivity have higher slaughter weight, slaughter yield and meat quality compared to rams born from ewes with lower milk productivity. These data can be used to develop optimal technologies for growing and fattening young animals to produce high-quality meat.

Relevance. The purpose of this work is to study the activity of catalase in the milk of healthy cows with different levels of productivity and to find a correlation between the studied indicators, which is important and relevant in terms of assessing the antioxidant activity of cows’ milk.

Methods. The analysis of biochemical parameters of cow’s milk was carried out using the “CombiFoss 7” system (Denmark). The analysis of the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) was performed on the device “Tsvet-Yauza 01-AA”. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out in the Microsoft Excel programs using the “Data Analysis” package, the “R” program (“Psych” package). Milk samples were obtained from black-and-white cows during a whole year.

Results. The entire sample of animals (N = 280) is divided into 6 groups by lactation days: 11–30, 31–60, 61–90, 91–120, 121–180 and 180–300 days (groups 1–6). In the first 11–30 days of lactation (group 1), the value of SKVA is significantly higher (17.2 mg/ml) than in the following months. Moreover, the values of the SKVA fluctuate quite strongly. Significant changes were observed for catalase activity: from 1.41 and 1.32 rel. units (groups 1 and 6) to 0.44 rel. units (group 3). During the period of bloating and lactation decline (groups 1 and 6), the highest correlation coefficients between catalase and fat are observed — 0.51 and 0.57, respectively. For all periods of lactation, there is a negative correlation of catalase with true protein. Thus, the activity of catalase in the milk of healthy cows at different periods of lactation was studied and correlations between the studied indicators were found.

The fundamental goal of animal husbandry is the cost-effective production of human food from healthy animals, which includes production, reproduction. The method of whole-genome association study (GWAS) is actively used in various fields, including agriculture. Genome-wide association analyzes were generated as an identifier for genomic variations associated with economically significant traits in different livestock species. This method of genomic selection provides new priorities for improving the productive and reproductive qualities of livestock.

The purpose of this review article is a comprehensive analysis of the current state of GWAS in cattle, focusing on the identification of SNPs associated with reproduction, productivity, growth, behavior and genetically determined diseases. The scope of the article covers the study of GWAS results worldwide, both in dairy and beef cattle, with special emphasis on the identification of candidate genes, QTL and genome regions related to the direction of productivity. Additionally, the organization of this review will include a classification of GWAS results based on the specific traits studied, providing a comprehensive overview of the genetic determinants of reproduction, growth, behavior, and disease traits in cattle.

Relevance. One of the factors decreasing total motility after cryopreservation rooster’s sperm is influence of reactive oxygen species. Morphological and biochemical features of avian spermatozoa structure, which make them more susceptible to cryopreservation process compared to mammalian spermatozoa, may also be the reason why avian spermatozoa are more susceptible to oxidative stress.

Methods. The purpose of the study is to trace the change in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, in particular hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), during the cryopreservation of rooster sperm, to assess its effect on the quality and viability of sperm.

Results. A negative correlation (r = -0.68, p < 0.05) was found between the intracellular level of hydrogen peroxide and the number of dead cells in native sperm. In the frozen (thawed) seed, a weak relationship was observed between these indicators (r = -0.10). There was a significant effect of the level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide in freshly obtained ejaculates on the overall mobility of frozen (thawed) semen (r = -0.65, p < 0.05). This allows us to assume that, similarly to mammalian spermatozoa, the production by cells of an increased amount of reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂) in the freezing (thawing) cycle negatively affects the functional status of mitochondria, which, as is known, are the main source of energy for the sperm, ensuring the operation of the kinetic apparatus of the sperm and its general mobility. Data were obtained on the individual variability of the hydrogen peroxide content in the sperm of roosters at the age of 61 weeks in the freezing (thawing) cycle, allowing the selection of roosters according to this indicator

Relevance. The priority task of reproductive technologies in animal husbandry is the development of effective storage protocols for female gametes. One way to preserve gametes is vitrification, which reduces damage to intracellular organelles by increasing viscosity upon cooling and minimizing crystallization.

Methods. Various additives to cryoprotectants are used for optimization. In our work, titanium tetrapolyethylene glycolate was used in a 10-fold molar excess of polyethylene glycol (TTP_EG*10PEG), the nature of the effect of which on cells was studied during short-term storage at low (5 °С) and ultra-low temperatures (-196 °С).

The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the morphology of gametes and somatic cells (cumulus) of ovarian follicles of pigs after exposure to low and ultra-low temperatures (vitrification) when included in the TTP_EG*10PEG low-temperature storage and vitrification protocol.

Results. Exposure to TTP_EG*10PEG at 5 °С caused an increase in the level of oocytes with subsequent morphological degenerations in points with control (from 13% to 5%, р = 0.005). After vitrification with TTP_EG*10PEG: the level of gametes with low cumulus cells expansion increased to 35% in terms of the proportion of control gametes (23%); the proportion of denudated gametes was reduced to 50% compared to the control 65% (р < 0.05); the level of morphologically degenerated gametes corresponded to that of native oocytes (8% each) and was lower than in the control (17%), р < 0.005. The obtained data indicate the protective and cryoprotective effects of TTP_EG*10PEG at a concentration of 2%, which suggests the possibility of its use in the technology of intraovarian vitrification of female reproductive cells.

Relevance. Aquaculture is occupying an increasingly important place in fish farming, as it allows obtaining more products per unit area. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the development of new breeds of Rainbow Trout in order to obtain fish forms adapted to aquaculture conditions. One of the significant breeding achievements is the Ropshinsky golden trout, characterized by attractive scale coloration. Taking into account the emergence of such forms of fish, research to identify genetic characteristics is of particular relevance. The BMP-2 gene is an important determinant of fish growth and development, so a comprehensive study of its structure will allow us to identify the most favorable genotypes in producers for their use in further selection and breeding.

Results. The aim of the work is to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the studied gene and link their presence in parental forms with their productive traits. In particular, after sequencing, several SNPs were identified in different positions both in the intron and exon regions of the gene. The frequencies of occurrence of genotypes in parents were calculated and a number of quantitative traits were measured in the offspring numbered of 50 individuals from each crossing pair. In some cases, it was possible to establish statistically significant associations between the identified SNPs and productive traits in females and males — the parents of the resulting offspring. In females, an association was established between head length and SNP in one gene region, and in males, an association of another polymorphism with ejaculate volume has been demonstrated.

Special attention is currently being paid to the role of genetic and physiological systems that contribute to improving productivity and can be estimated in the form of indices.

The current study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region at the experimental plots of the FSBSI «ARC “Donskoy”» in 2021–2023 aimed at studying the breeding indices of promising winter durum wheat varieties and lines and their effect on productivity. There have been considered such breeding indices as Mexican, Canadian, ear potential, plant productivity and prospects.

Considering the Mexican index, which reflects the capabilities of the mechanical tissues of straw, there have been identified 8 samples Lakomka, Khrizolit, Pridonie, 536/19, 971/19, 1147/19, 1174/19, 1037/17 with high values (0.020–0.023 g/cm) in comparison with the standard variety Kristella. The Canadian index ranged from 4.93 pcs./cm for the standard variety to 7.13 pcs./cm for the variety Khrizolit. According to ear potential index, the varieties and lines varied from 0.082 cm/cm for the standard variety Kristella to 0.097 cm/cm for the line 536/19. The index of prospects shows the ability of straw to transport plastic substances into grain. According to this indicator, the studied samples ranged from 42.7% (the variety Grafit) to 55.4% (the line 536/19). According to the classification, the winter durum wheat varieties and lines varied from low (IPR < 7.0; grain weight per ear was up to 1.5 g) to high productivity (IPR > 11.0; grain weight per ear was more than 2.0 g). In these studies, there was a significant correlation between yield and the ear potential index (r = 0.57 ± 0.22).

Relevance. The identification of agro meteorological factors that have the greatest impact on the formation of grain yields and their consideration in the improvement of agricultural technologies is an urgent task of agriculture.

Methods. The research was carried out in 1972–2023 in the fields of the Prikumsk experimental breeding station in a 6-pole grain-and-grass crop rotation. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of agro meteorological conditions on the formation of the winter wheat harvest according to various precursors for the correction and adaptation of applied agricultural technologies in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory.

Results. The yield of winter wheat significantly depended on precipitation in September — October, moisture reserves by spring, total moisture availability of crops, temperature in May and was determined by the density of plants and the weight of 1000 grains. The maximum yield was formed with precipitation in September — October >117 mm, the highest density of standing (294–392 pcs/m2), spring moisture reserves in the meter soil layer and average total moisture supply for pure steam, respectively, 129–145 mm and 382 mm, occupied steam 115–135 mm and 378 mm and winter wheat 105–125 mm and 342 mm. The minimum duration of the sowing — germination period and the maximum density of standing accounted for a clean and occupied pair for the amount of precipitation for September — October (59–87), and a half-pair >117 mm. Compared with pure steam, the density of standing decreased by an average of 12,2%, the yield by 19,2%, the duration of germination increased 1.4 times, and in repeated crops by 22,6%, 45,3% and 2,7 times, respectively. The mass of 1000 grains had a significant positive relationship with the density of standing by half-steam and a negative one with the average temperature for May — June by pure steam. For half-steam and pure steam, yield is more closely related to the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0.52–0.66) than to the density of standing (r = 0.45–0.50).

Studies of the yield of spring oats for the period 2012–2021 in the conditions of a sharply continental climate in the Kemerovo region have been carried out. The main soils of the steppe zone are leached heavy loamy chernozem, forest-steppe — gray forest. In 2012, the yield of this crop was the lowest — 9.35 kg/ha. The first one reflects the trend of yield dynamics (trend) and is associated with an increase in the general culture of agriculture. The second is caused by fluctuations in weather conditions in each particular year and is depicted as deviations from the trend. It is shown that the yield of spring oats in both steppe and forest-steppe soil-climatic zones tends to slightly increase. The analysis of the data obtained showed that the maximum yield of spring oats was in 2021 — 22.68 kg/ha, and the lowest was in 2012 (9.35 kg/ha). The high fluctuation of oat yield indicates a strong influence of hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of the crop. It was found that the decrease in the growth rate of spring oat yields in the Kemerovo region was in 2015, 2016 and 2018. The maximum growth rate was observed in 2013 — 178.82%. The maximum decrease in the yield growth rate of spring oats occurred in 2016 and 2018 - by -5.31% and -6.68%, respectively. The highest increase in oat yield was observed in 2013 — 78.82%. The absolute content of 1% yield increase was 19.44 c/ha in 2021 compared to 2012.

The article presents the results of studying the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the water regime of meadow-chernozem soil, yield and oil content of flax seeds in 2022–2023. on a stationary experiment at the field forage production laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk ASC” in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The objects of observation are oilseed flax of the Northern variety and meado-chernozem soil. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: factor A — medium soil availability of mobile phosphorus (50-100 mg/kg according to F.V. Chirikov, background 0), increased (100–120 mg/kg, background I and 140–150 mg/kg, background II), high (150– 200 mg/kg, background III); factor B — phosphorus fertilizer (P0, P60); factor C — nitrogen fertilizer (N0, N30, N60). In this case, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were superimposed on backgrounds of varying soil phosphorus supply. Climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) determined the initial reserve of total moisture in the soil when sowing oil flax, which was at the level of 82% of the lowest moisture capacity in a meter layer and did not depend on the background phosphorus supply. Mineral fertilizers increased crop productivity. Its highest yield was observed against the background of an increased supply of soil with mobile phosphorus (1.71 t/ha) with the pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate and ammophos. The oil content of flax, on the contrary, decreased when using fertilizers. Its highest indicators (39.5%) were observed against background II when using phosphorus fertilizers.

The article discusses the use of technological graftingand its effect on the survival and preservation of tomato plants, and also provides the results of research on seed germination.

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effect of technological inoculation on the survival and preservation of tomato hybrids in protected soil conditions of the Tyumen region. The cultivation of tomatoes at the Narimanovsky municipal plant is carried out using Dutch technology, which has proven its right to be used in the conditions of the sharply continental climate of Siberia and the possibility of creating break-even production based on them. Studies aimed at studying the reception of tomato grafting on stable rootstocks seem timely and promising not only in our country, but also abroad. Scientific research was conducted from 2018 to 2022.The paper presents recommendations for growing tomato hybrids in protected soil as a grafted crop. The advantages of grafted plants are that the graft may not have all types of resistance, and some of them are added at the expense of the rootstock, which is relevant and has not been studied in the conditions of the closed ground of the Tyumen region. Grafting has a complex and prolonged effect on a number of physiological parameters. In the course of research, it was found that growing tomatoes usinggrafting in low-volume hydroponics conditions makes it possible to increase the safety of plants by the end of the turnover.

To create sustainable and long-lasting landscape gardening, gardeners need a wide range of ornamental plants, among which considerable importance is given to Philadelphus L. For recreational development of territories and enrichment of the assortment of ornamental plants in the zone of insufficient moisture, varieties with good xerothermal characteristics, high decorative qualities and adaptive capabilities are proposed.

The biological and decorative features of seven varieties Philadelphus L. in the soil and climatic conditions of the Stavropol upland have been studied. Earlier and later periods of vegetation onset in different years are highlighted. The dates of the beginning and end of flowering have been set. The average duration of flowering was 18–23 days, the maximum was 25 days, the minimum was 16 days. The analysis of habitual indicators is carried out, the characteristic of the crown shape is given. The study of phytoentomological resistance has shown high resistance of these varieties to diseases and pests in local soil and climatic conditions. According to the results of the introduction variety study, seven varieties of Philadelphus L. with high decorative qualities and resistance to a complex of adverse environmental factors were proposed for mass use in decorative gardening in the Stavropol territory.

Relevance. The development of bioactive films is currently relevant due to the need to replace synthetic polymers used in food packaging materials. However, the established positive properties of the films themselves do not always guarantee the predicted effect and do not ensure the preservation of food products during storage. In this regard, for the recommendation of biodegradable films of a specific composition for use as packaging material for a particular type of product, experimental confirmation is required.

Methods. The objects of study are samples of wheat bread packaged in alginate films and in polyethylene film as a control. For bread samples after baking and cooling, as well as after 1, and 3 days of storage, sensory characteristics, color characteristics, microbiological indicators, and mass losses were determined.

Results. The conducted tests of bread samples revealed the positive effect of the bioactive film based on sodium alginate with the introduction of protein hydrolysate on reducing the growth of bacteria and molds. The research results showed that in alginate films, there is an intensive loss of bread mass — up to 19.27 ± 0.51% (p ≤ 0.05) after 3 days of storage in the film without protein hydrolysate, which is more significant compared to the bread sample in polyethylene film (9.12 ± 0.32%). At the same time, microbiological indicators (total microbial count and mold count) remained more stable in bread samples in alginate films. Thus, the results of microbiological studies confirmed the known data on the antimicrobial properties of protein hydrolysates in the composition of bioactive films. However, when choosing films for bread packaging, it is necessary to consider their vapor permeability to avoid moisture losses during storage..

Results. The results of the study showed the need to review the practice of using manure (manure) processing technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Relevance. The presence of digital gaps slows down the digital transformation of agriculture and, accordingly, slows down the manifestation of the positive effects of digitalization. The identified issues determine the relevance of the study of digital gaps in agricultural sectors.

The purpose of the article is to assess the digital gaps that hinder the complex digital transformation of agricultural sectors.

Methods. The research methodology is based on theoretical approaches and concepts that substantiate the advantages of digitalization of economic sectors and consider technological progress as the main factors of economic growth. The research methodology involves the identification of intra-industry digital gaps by consistently assessing the level of organizations in the agricultural sector using specific software products and digital technologies that together form a digital model of agriculture.

Results. The results showed the presence of significant intra-industry digital gaps, manifested in the proportion of organizations using software products and digital technologies. The lack of integrated use of software products and digital technologies that form the digital model of agriculture leads to low rates of digital transformation, since there is a gap between systems that automatically collect data on the condition of plants and animals, systems of robotic equipment and automatic correction based on artificial intelligence technologies.

The leader of the Russian veterinary pharmaceutical market, the VIС Group of Companies, and the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MBA named after K.I. Skryabin held a competition among the academy's students to prepare and write an article on the VIC Group of Companies' preparations.