News, notices, press releases and commercial materials about key events in the agro-industrial complex and agriculture, trends and innovations.

Bibliometric methods of evaluating the effectiveness of scientific activity are quite widespread in the world. When used correctly, these methods can reflect objective trends in the development of domestic and world science. To clarify the vector of editorial policy for the purpose of sustainable development of the journal among the periodicals of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation (subject “Agriculture and Forestry”), an analysis of the publication activity of the journal “Agrarian Science” for a five-year period (2019–2023) was performed.

The material for the study was statistical data obtained after collecting the necessary information on the RSCI website. The data obtained were analyzed using problem-thematic and system analysis.

The scientometric indicators of the journal “Agrarian Science” for the analyzed period (from 2019 to 2023) showed an overall positive trend.

In September 2024, the RSCI published magazine ratings for 2023, the scientific-theoretical and industrial journal “Agrarian Science” has the following indicators: place in the overall SCIENCE INDEX ranking — 830^th (among 3970 journals), percentile in the SCIENCE INDEX ranking — 21, place in the SCIENCE INDEX ranking on the topic “Agriculture and forestry” — 58^th (among 220 magazines).

The article presents the results of an analysis of a non-randomized study of the prevalence of paraneoplastic syndromes in primary spontaneous malignant neoplasms in dogs. The study was conducted in 2022–2024 on the basis of the Department of Diseases of Small Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals and the Research Laboratory of Oncology, Ophthalmology and Animal Biochemistry of the Russian Biotechnological University “ROSBIOTECH”. The object of the study were 948 dogs with primary spontaneous malignant neoplasms confirmed by morphological methods.

The aim of the work was to study the frequency of paraneoplastic syndromes in dogs with neoplasia.

The diagnosis of paraneoplastic syndrome was made by excluding other possible etiological factors for the development of clinical and laboratory abnormalities identified during a comprehensive examination of dogs. As a result of the study, the incidence of paraneoplasia was 54.54% of cases. Hematological (44.41%) and gastrointestinal (37.13%) paraneoplastic syndromes were most often recorded, less often endocrine (3.27%) and ophthalmological (3.38%), extremely rarely renal (1.27%), osteoarticular (0.42%) and dermatological (0.42%). The main hematological manifestations of the systemic effect of the oncological process were: anemia (12.87%), neutrophilic leukocytosis (12.76%) and thrombocytopenia (8.86%). Gastrointestinal paraneoplastic syndrome in most cases was manifested by a decrease in body weight (33.65%) and hyporexia (18.04%), inflammatory and erosive ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (7.59%). During the study, a case of a nonspecific systemic reaction to a malignant tumor in the form of fever in the absence of infectious and inflammatory processes (0.11%) was registered.

The article presents data on the relationship between the live weight, weight of the gastrointestinal tract and the productivity type of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica domestica). It is shown that during the first week of the experiment, quails of the universal (dual-purpose) productivity type developed faster than the meat quails in terms of live weight, however, by the age of 28 days, this indicator becomes higher in meat quails. This pattern persists until the end of rearing. The relative weight of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the duodenum, was higher in meat quails in the first week, and later it became less than in a universal type quail.

The histological structure of the duodenum was also studied. On histological slides, the preservation of all layers of the duodenum is observed. The lamina propria of the mucosa is rich in lymphoid tissue. The submucosa is poorly distinguishable. The thickness of the mucosa of the duodenum prevailed throughout the experiment in quails of the universal type. In the first 7 days, the length of the duodenum villi was significantly higher than that of meat quails. The ratio of the length of the villi to the crypt increases with age in all groups of quails. In the first 7 days, this indicator was higher in quails of the egg-meat type, but by the 56th day it gradually leveled off. The depth of crypts (common intestinal glands) in the first week of growth prevailed in the intestines of meat quails (p ≤ 0.05).

Relevance. The positive aspects of disinfecting ozonation of hatching eggs allow us to expect successful application of the method not only in large but also in small-scale farms, as well as for experimental and industrial purposes in laboratories and bio-enterprises related to the technological process based on the incubation of a small number of eggs. This determines the importance of expanding the range of ozonizers due to numerous portable devices. There are no clear recommendations for these devices and this causes the need to search for the most effective and harmless modes for the embryo, and schemes of disinfecting ozonation.

Methods. The study used fertilized chicken eggs “Hysex Brown” and a portable ozonizer “OZON-OviV”. Ozone concentration 2.0 mg / l. Eggs were treated in a specially made chamber. Technology-1: twice for 30 minutes before incubation and on the 3rd day of incubation. Technology-2: three times for 30 minutes before incubation, on days 3 and 5. The range of studies included: assessment of total microbial contamination (densitometry); identification of microorganisms (MALDI-TOF-spectrometry); biological control of incubation (fertility, hatchability, mortality, developmental abnormalities); assessment of the adequacy of the internal organs (MicroCT); embryo morphometry (weight, length, chest circumference) and calculation of development proportionality indices; histological assessment of the liver.

Results. The total ozone concentration during treatment by two methods was 240 mg/l and 360 mg/l, respectively. The disinfecting efficiency of ozonation has been proven, providing a decrease in the level of total microbial contamination by 30% and 40% with double and triple treatment. A tendency to maintain a low total microbial contamination, compared to intact eggs, up to 14 days of incubation has been revealed. The dynamics of the microbial landscape indicate the bacteriostatic effect of ozone in the concentrations used on a wide range of microorganisms. Microtomographic and histological methods confirmed the harmlessness of the technologies used. Along with the more pronounced antibacterial effect of technology-2, the presence of a stimulating effect on the body of the developing embryo was revealed, which determines the preference for its choice.

Relevance. Contamination by toxins of phytopathogens or mycotoxins of food and feed raw materials of plant origin poses a serious threat to the production of high-quality and safe agricultural products. Reducing the risks of contamination of plant raw materials with mycotoxins depends on the effective use of biological products to reduce the toxicity of mycotoxins.

Methods. Experiments were carried out on primary rat liver cells. Primary liver cells were cultured in DMEM medium in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum at 37OC and 5% CO2. Zearalenone and T-2 toxin were dissolved in a mixture of DMSO and 96% alcohol in a ratio 1:1. Zearalenone T-2 toxin and protective compositions were mixed and aged together for 6 hours and after exposure added to a medium with a cellular monolayer. The concentration of bacterial-based compositions KMBI-3 and KMCI-3 was used for research in three variants: 0.4 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml. After 24 hours of cultivation, the cell layer was evaluated using an inverted microscope according to the following parameters: percentage of surface coverage, cell shape, number of cell aggregates, number of floating cells.

Results. A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was revealed when exposed to zearalenone and T-2 toxin, the most toxic effect was observed at doses from 0.5 х 10^-4 and 8.6 х 10^-8 M and 2.14 х 10^-7 M, respectively. When using the protective composition KMBI-3 at a dose of 4 mg/ml, the least negative effect of zearalenone and T-2 toxin on cell culture was observed. The use of compositions of organomineral origin KMBI-3 helps to increase cell viability when exposed to the toxins zearalenone and T-2 toxin, which indicates the activation of proliferative processes in comparison with the group without the use of drugs. The use of the biopreparation KMBI-3 reduces the pathogenic effect of zearalenone and T-2 toxin on cell culture, increases the resistance of liver cells to the effects of phytopathogen toxins.

Relevance. One of the solutions to reduce food waste is to try to get the most out of food waste and byproducts. The experiment assessed the milk productivity and milk quality of lactating Nigerian goat goats when using hemp cake on the background of a probiotic substance.

Methodology. The research was carried out in 2 stages: in the 1st experiment, the effect on the digestibility of nutritional components of feed was studied as a result of the inclusion of waste from the fat and oil industry in the diet of goats in the amount of 5% hemp (QL) cake, in the 2nd experiment, the enzymatic probiotic drug “Cellobacterin+” (“Biotrof” LLC) was additionally included in the experimental group at a dosage of 10 g/goal /day.

Results. According to the research results, it was found that the inclusion of hemp cake in the diet of lactating goat goats did not have a negative effect on milk yield and milk quality, and contributed to a reduction in the cost of its production. The additional introduction of the probiotic drug “Cellobacterin+” into the diet contributed to an increase in milk yield in goats, in the conditions of the Southern Urals, and improved the chemical composition of milk, in particular, increased fat and protein content.

Relevance. The quality of milk depends on the season of the year, the breed of animals, the state of metabolism, and the characteristics of feeding and maintenance technology. The quality of milk determines its technological properties and the quality of its processed products.

Methods. The content of somatic cells in milk, the acidity of milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, and syneresis of yogurt were determined. In milk processing products, the content of the mass fraction of nitrogen and crude protein, crude ash, calcium, and phosphorus was determined.

Results. When feeding cows with the yeast probiotic activated zeolite and the phytoprobiotic “Provitol”, a significant decrease in the content of somatic cells in freshly milked milk of cows was established by 13.02% (p < 0.05). Significantly lower milk acidity values were established (by 6.00% (p < 0.001) and 12.79% (p < 0.001), respectively), significantly higher yogurt acidity values (by 6.00% (p < 0.001) and 12.79% (p < 0.001), respectively, significantly lower yogurt syneresis (by 4.70% (p < 0.001) and 3.10% (p < 0.01), respectively). The use of activated zeolite and yeast probiotic “Kluver Pro” in the diets leads to a significantly higher content (compared with the control) of the mass fraction of fat in cottage cheese and yogurt — by 10.47 abs. % (p < 0.001) and 4.58 abs. % (p < 0.001).

The article presents the results of experiments on studying the preservative effect of various additives in the production of snaplage from early-ripening corn hybrids in the conditions of the Central region of the Russian Federation. After opening the containers with feed, its quality indicators were assessed by the content and ratio of organic acids, the degree of acidification, the content of ammonia nitrogen, the preservation of sugars and essential nutrients. In physiological experiments on Romanov wethers, the digestibility of nutrients was determined. It was found that in all variants, the acidity of the feed was optimal (pH 4.2 and below), which excluded the development of undesirable microbiota. At the same time, in the snaplage with chemical preservatives, acidification occurred due to formic and propionic acids introduced with the preparations and (partially) due to the fermentation of sugars. The results of the physiological experiment showed that the digestibility of dry matter of snaplage from the early-ripening hybrid corn Emelin was high (over 70.2%) in all variants, which also affected the energy value (over 11 MJ NE). Thus, for high-moisture snaplage from early-ripening corn hybrids in the Central region of Russia, it is possible to use both chemical preservatives based on organic acids and biological inoculants intended for the preservation of wet flattened grain, containing active strains of lactic acid bacteria.

Relevance. The view of the mechanisms of hormonal regulation of the ovarian cycle of cows has allowed the development of a large number of synchronization programs. An active search is underway for biomarkers related to the fertility of cows, as well as to identify animals with a high ovarian response to the injection of exogenous gonadotropins. The aim of the work is to study the polymorphism of the FSHR gene and its association with reproduction indicators in black-and-white Holstein dairy cows.

Results. Based on the results of genotyping cows (n = 128) using the FSHR gene, the frequency of occurrence of the CC genotype was determined at the level of 0.601, the CG genotype — 0.360, GG — 0.031. It was found that for productive insemination, animals with the CG genotype require fewer inseminations. At the same age, the frequency of insemination of heifers with the CG genotype was 1.43, with the CC genotype — 1.60. After the first calving, the animals with the CG genotype responded more actively to hormonal stimulation in the postpartum period. The interval from the first to fruitful insemination in cows with the CG genotype was 34.7 days, in cows with the CC genotype — 57.2 days (p < 0.05). The number of pregnant cows with the CG genotype re-inseminated after natural hunting was 2.1 times higher than the number of cows with the CC genotype (66.7% and 31.2%). It is assumed that exogenous hormone injection has a stimulating effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad system in cows with the CG genotype.

The aim of the work is to assess the biological usefulness of bull semen when cooled to 5 °C and stored for a period of time.

Sperm cooling is less traumatic for cells than deep freezing. The fertilizing capacity of chilled sperm is higher than cryopreserved sperm, but it persists for several days, which limits its use. The study was conducted using native sperm from black-and-white (n = 6) and Ayrshire bulls (n = 3). Two diluents were used in the experiment: OptiXcell commercial diluent (IMV) (France) was used as a control, and an experimental diluent based on Tris was developed as an experiment. There was no significant difference in overall and progressive mobility between the studied diluents. In most cases, the spermatozoa were alive for 10 days. If we take into account the progressive mobility of 40% as the minimum permissible for artificial insemination, on average, the studied bulls had it during storage for 120 hours. At the same time, there were individual ejaculates that had progressive mobility (40% and higher) even after 168 hours of storage. There were no significant differences in membrane safety when diluted with the studied diluents. When stored for 72 hours, there was practically no decrease in the number of intact cells when using an experimental diluent. The preparation and application of an experimental diluent are economically more profitable than using a Western analogue — OptiXcell (IMV). At the same time, the diluent developed by the authors is not inferior in characteristics (qualitative indicators of spermatozoa), and even surpasses the foreign one.

The article presents experimental data on determination of adaptive properties and productivity of Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. distichon (L.) Körn. and H. vulgare L. ssp. vulgare samples of different ecological and geographical origin on the basis of breeding indices. Under contrasting conditions of the growing seasons, 2022 and 2023, 35 samples were studied for elements of grain productivity (ear length, number of grains in the ear and their weight, plant height). The field study was carried out at the experimental site of the biostation University of Tyumen “Lake Kuchak” (Nizhnetavdinsky District, Tyumen Province). The evaluation of productivity in the relationship “genotype — environment” showed that the following breeding indices are the most informative: Canadian, Mexican, linear ear density, plant productivity. On the basis of point ranking on the complex of indices, the best samples were: Zernogradsky 813, k-30453, Abalak, k-31201, Russia; Knezsa 65, k-22809, Hungary (var. erectum, nutans); Rokkaku-yabane, k-10986, Japan (var. brachyatherum). Higher yields were obtained under relatively favorable growing conditions in 2022, up to 439.8 g/m² for double-row and up to 454.8 g/m² for multi-row barley accessions; under stress conditions, up to 455.4 and 218.1 g/m², respectively. Under stress conditions in 2023 compared to 2022, the multi-row barley samples showed an increase in the strength of correlation of yield with Canadian index (r = 0.73), plant productivity index (r = 0.66), linear ear density index (r = 0.58), Mexican index (r = 0.52). Two-row samples showed weaker correlation of yield with these indices. The exception was the Mexican index, characterized by a stable correlation coefficient over the years (r = 0.35).

Relevance. Pathogenic microbiota of seed grain can cause death of seedlings, root rot, weakening of plants and a decrease in yield. Monitoring of seed grains pathogens infection rate is always relevant because the composition of the microbiota is dynamic due to the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors.

Methods. Phytopathological analysis of spring wheat seeds grown at the state variety testing sites of the Tyumen region was carried out in contrasting years: cool and excessively moist in July 2015 and hot with moderate rainfall in 2016. We used the “wet chamber” method. 144 samples were analyzed.

Results. Fungus of the genus Alternaria were the most abundant representatives of the grain microbial community. Average infection rate of seed samples with fungi Alternaria spp. was 49.5%. No differences were found by year of the study. In 2015 compared to 2016, higher prevalence of fungus of the genus Fusarium (4.8% vs. 1.6%) and bacteria (5.7% vs. 0.7%) was observed in the seed material. The maximum indicators of Fusarium infestation were observed in samples from Nizhnetavda variety testing site located in the subtaiga zone – up to 30% (variety Ikar). In 2016 compared to 2015, higher infection of seed material with helminthosporiose (7.1% vs. 2.6%) and mold fungi (2.3% vs. 0.2%) was observed. The prevalence of Bipolaris sorokiniana fungi was the highest in wheat samples grown in the northern forest-steppe zone, especially samples from the Yalutorovsky variety testing site — the limit value was 27% (variety SKENT-3). Harmfulness fungus of the genus Alternaria was significantly lower compared to other key representatives of grain microbiota. The average score of seedling damage was 1.4 vs. 2.2–2.6, seed germination indices — 94.1% vs. 53.2–67.4%.

Relevance. When cultivating seed hemp, comprehensive crop protection is necessary throughout the entire development cycle “from seed to seed”. A comprehensive system of environmentally oriented protective equipment during pre-sowing and foliar treatment of seeds and plants can provide a favorable phytosanitary environment.

Methods. The research work was carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines for conducting field and vegetation experiments with cannabis and the methodology of field experience with the basics of statistical processing of research results.

Results. Etching with the insectofungicide “Celest Top, KS” in pure form and in tank mixtures showed a high degree of protection of seeds from infection during germination. The use of “Celest Top, KS” in its pure form and in combination with the growth regulator “Artafit, VRK” and the liquid fertilizer “Megamix. Seeds” is most effective against hemp fleas. Etching “Artafit, VRK”, “Celest Top, KS” and mixtures with the fertilizer “Megamix. Seeds” and foliar top dressing with the antistressant “Artafit, VRK” contributed to an increase in the indicators of the crop structure. A high yield of seeds and stems was obtained on variants with the “Megamix. Seeds” fertilizer, the increase in seed yield was 0.03 t /ha, stems — 0.16 t /ha relative to the control. The use of the fertilizer “Megamix. Seeds” together with the growth regulator “Artafit, VRK” and the insectofungicide “Celest Top, KS” increased the yield of seeds by 0.28 and 0.17 t/ha, the yield of stems by 2.2 and 3.32 t/ha.

Relevance. In recent years, under the conditions of climate change, there has been a tendency to reduce the acreage of spring barley, reduce the quantity and quality of grain. From the point of view of ensuring the stability of gross grain harvests and ecology, it is necessary to manage the agrocenosis.

Methods. The experiments were conducted in 2021–2024 agricultural years in the conditions of the Azov sea zone of the Rostov region. Objects of research: Leon spring barley variety and growth regulators “Artafit” (0.3 l/ha), “Biodux” (3 ml/ha), “Obereg” (60 ml/ha), “Trainer” (3 l/ha), “Fulvohumate” (0.4 l/ha).

Results. The climatic conditions in 2024 were extreme in terms of low rainfall and high amounts of spring temperatures. The year 2023 was the most favorable from this point of view. The yield level correlates with the level of moisture in the spring period, the highest indicators were observed in 2023, and the lowest in 2024. In the current market conditions and annual price increases, unit production costs are increasing. Thus, in 2024, the cultivation of spring barley turned out to be unprofitable. Moreover, the use of biological products did not allow us to gain a plus. In 2022 and 2023, the use of the drug “Trainer” turned out to be unprofitable due to the high cost of the drug. “Biodux” and “Obereg” showed the highest profitability.

The studing the efficiency of new magnesium-containing fertilizer “AktiMax” use for priming soft winter wheat seeds of the “Skipetr” variety. The effect of the fertilizer is compared with the negative (no fertilizer) and positive (“Novosil”) controls. During the study, the optimal concentration 2.6 ml/l of the solution for processing by the selected method is found, which is equivalent to 20% of the recommended by the manufacturer (13 ml/l). At treating with a solution of this concentration, a slight decrease in seed germination is observed, and growth parameter records taken after 7 days showed an increase in leaf length by 15–20%. A slight decrease in the number of roots (by 10%) and branching of the root system is observed, which is presumably due to the availability of the fertilizer components. The effect fertilizer on the photosynthetic apparatus, carbon dioxide assimilation and transpiration rate when use in a range of concentrations is studied. On average, the transpiration activity increased by 2 times in the variant with the working concentration and by 1.8 times in the variant with one fifth of the working concentration. A slight increase in the efficiency of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching is revealed in plants at the “AktiMax” application. The efficiency of seed priming method use to stimulate the rate of winter wheat development is demonstrated that leads to reduction of unfavorable outcomes risks.

The scientific study presents the results and indicators of the cultivation of spring durum wheat in the world, the main varieties of spring durum wheat in the south-east of Kazakhstan, the development of stem rust on durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.), data on the stability of varieties in grain-bearing regions of the republic. Field experiments were conducted in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Almaty region in 2022. The object of research was 15 varieties of spring durum wheat of various origins: Gordeiforme 254, Nauryz 2, Nauryz 6, Seymour 17, Milana, Salauat, Zhakut 20 (Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing), Altyn dala, Asangali 20, Sharifa (Karabalyk Agricultural Station), Damsinskaya jubileinaya (A.I. Barayev Research and Production Centre for Grain Farming), Bezenchukskaya 182, Kanysh (Russia), Berillo (Italy), Kamillaroi (Australia).

Under natural conditions, the manifestation of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) on spring durum wheat varieties was late, in the phase of flowering and filling of plant grains. In the experience, many varieties of Kazakh and foreign breeding have shown moderate resistance and susceptibility to the disease. In the varieties Salauat and Zhakut 20, the initial and subsequent development of the disease did not exceed 20%, which is a sign of Slow rust development. With a strong lesion of the Nauryz 2 variety (60%), Gordeyforme 254, Milana, Nauryz 6, Damsinskaya jubileinaya, Altyn Dala, Asangali 20, Berillo and Kamillaroi were moderately susceptible. The Seymour 17, Sharifa and Kanysh varieties showed moderate resistance to stem rust.

Determining the tolerance of cultivated plants to salts is considered important and necessary in breeding practice in areas with primary and secondary soil salinization. This article examines the effect of salinity (NaCl) in laboratory conditions on the growth and development of plants of three varieties of winter rye (Chusovaya, Yantarnaya, Alisa) and the effectiveness of early diagnosis on resistance to the stress factor. The purpose of the study was to determine the resistance of winter rye varieties to chloride salinity based on the variability of morphophysiological characteristics under simulated conditions. Based on the identified differences in indicators characterizing the growth processes of plants in vegetation vessels in the control and on the substrate with NaCl, the varieties according to resistance to salt stress are distributed in the following order: Chusovaya, Yantarnaya, Alisa. The data obtained indicate the specificity of the response of varieties to a stress factor. It is shown that for a more objective characterization of genotypes for salt tolerance, a comprehensive study of traits (seed germination, morphometric parameters of shoots and roots, chlorophyll content in leaves, plant biomass) is necessary. The results of the study can be used in the selection of initial forms for the selection of winter rye, as well as in the cultivation of the studied varieties in different agro-ecological conditions.

There is a tendency to expand the area of bean cultivation in the northern direction, which is due to climatic changes and breeding achievements. There are 191 varieties of beans registered in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use, of which 31 varieties are recommended for cultivation in the belt between 50° and 60° latitude. The relevance of bean cultivation in the Non-Chernozem zone is increasing. This is due to the increased demand for beans, which are characterized by high nutritional value. Also, this crop is promising as an alternative in grain crop rotations. The study of the phytosanitary condition of bean plants in potentially new cultivation regions in order to develop a crop protection system is of interest. The promotion of crops to new territories is inevitably accompanied by phytosanitary risks, which have been little studied due to insufficient information about bean diseases. The literature provides an assessment of potential threats. However, their manifestation is closely related to the climatic and weather conditions of the growing season. The analysis of the interrelationships of the phytosanitary condition of crops with the temperature and humidity regimes of the bean growing period is relevant.

The state of modern protective plantations in coniferous-deciduous forests of the Non-Chernozem zone is characterized by great heterogeneity. Currently, both protective forest plantations and protective tree plantations are managed by an extensive method, often without taking into account biological relationships in the agrophytocenosis. Successional changes in Aphyllophorales macromycetes (AFMM) at different stages of xylolysis of large tree debris represent a complex biochemical process. The limiting conditions for the active growth of fungal mycelium inside wood include light, access to moisture and air, violations in water transport. As mycogenic xylolysis develops, there is an increase in the biodiversity of AFMM species, which reaches a maximum at stage III–IV. On a large data set of 332 model trees and 3,543 basidiomes of xylotrophic basidiomycetes, the presence of correlations between the settlement on the substrate of various ecological groups of AFMM involved in xylolysis was established. It has also been shown that the fruit bodies of fungi are actively formed under conditions of abiotic stress and their number increases in subsequent seasons. When using AFMM as indicators of the xylolysis stage of coniferous species, it is necessary to take into account that the development of mycelium depends on the structural features of the wood. The course of mycelium development in the trunk cross-section is associated with both the action of external environmental factors and interference processes between species. At the same time, the frequency of basidioma formation and their age are of great importance in field identification.

Relevance. The article presents data on the creation of new genotypes of columnar apple trees based on interval crossings of the 2x × 4x type using traditional breeding methods and elements of accelerated assessment of hybrid forms using cytoembryological and molecular genetic methods.

Results. Cytological assessment of seedlings obtained from the studied interval crossings of six columnar apple varieties and the selected columnar form 29-35-123 with tetraploid forms 30-47-88 and 25-37-45, which are donors of diploid gametes, showed that seedlings with a triple set of chromosomes prevail and their share is 83.0%. The share of diploids accounts for 17.0%. A comparative assessment of the ploidy of offspring showed that the difference between the yield of triploid seedlings in the offspring of families where different donors of diploid gametes (25-37-45 and 30-47-88) were taken as paternal forms is insignificant. From the tetraploid 30-47-88, 81.7% of triploid offspring were obtained, from 25-37-45 — 91.3%.

The data of molecular genetic analysis confirm that in combinations where both parents have the scab immunity gene, the yield of immune seedlings is high (70,7%) and corresponds to the splitting on this basis in a ratio of 3:1. n families where only one of the parents carries the Rvi6 gene in its genotype (Garland × 25-37-45, 29-35-123 × 25-37-45, Moscow necklace × 30-47-88 and Constellation × 25-37-45) immune seedlings were less common (52%). A unique combination of columnarity, the Rvi6 gene and a triple set of chromosomes in one genotype is characteristic of 23.1% of seedlings.

Introduction. Soils play an important role in the approximately 30-year period of operation of a grape planting, influencing plant growth, their yield and the quality of the grapes. In this study, the morphometric parameters of the surface soil layer of a grape plantation were studied using spectral channels of satellite images.

Methodology. The methodology included the use of a “random forest” algorithm to classify soil cover using spectral channels and normalized satellite image indices and analyze the main physicochemical properties of soils. Accuracy was assessed using RMSD and confidence intervals calculated via bootstrapping.

Results. The study revealed significant differences in the spectral reflectivity of different site options, which was due to carbonate content, humidity levels and the amount of humus. Areas with high carbonate and moisture content showed higher standard deviation values in the spectral channels. Studying the spectral characteristics of the soil surface makes it possible to effectively classify different areas based on remote sensing data. Analysis of combinations of spectral channels revealed an optimal set of three channels (B12, B11, B8A) with a minimum standard deviation when classifying an image into six soil variants of areas. For classification, a composition of five normalized indices can also be used, but in this case the calculation time increases significantly with a larger standard deviation and a larger confidence interval range. Using machine learning, six distinct soil surface types were segmented, demonstrating the complexity of the field›s soil mosaic. These results are critical for improving vineyard management and productivity

Mechanization and robotization of dairy farms require the development of technologies for assessing the quality of manufactured products. Monitoring milk composition and milking duration in real time is especially important for prompt response to deviations in animal physiological state parameters and timely adjustment of rations when milk yields decrease. The first version of the scatterometric device for express analysis of milk quality used a glass measuring chamber with a simple round cross-section, but it did not ensure the reduction of the turbulent flow of the milk-air mixture to laminar. This study presents the development and testing of a prototype of a measuring chamber that provides deceleration and laminarization of the milk-air mixture flow. The device operates at a milking capacity of 1 to 6 l/min, flow speed from 0.2 to 1.8 m/s. In the developed measuring chamber, a special bypass is created at an angle of 45° so that it has a common slot with the main tube. In this bypass, the flow of the milk-air mixture is slowed down to reduce turbulence and the number of air bubbles that interfere with the operation of scatterometric devices. The measurement area of the device is located in the upper part of the bypass. As a result, the developed measuring chamber has an internal diameter of the main part of 15 mm, the bypass of 11 mm, and provides close to 100% filling of the branch with liquid at the moment of the milk plug passage. The developed measuring chamber allowed the new version of the express milk quality analysis device to achieve increased accuracy and stability of measurements.

Relevance. Increased values of temperature and relative humidity of the external environment lead to negative consequences for the animal body, forcing the thermoregulation processes to be turned on. These mechanisms allow the animal organism to adapt to new environmental conditions at the expense of productivity. In these cases heat stress is observed. It is established that its manifestation is observed after 17 hours and there is a possible decrease in productivity by 35–40%. To identify the effect of heat stress, accurate determination of temperature-humidity index (THI) is necessary.

Methods. The materials and methods contain the most common formulas for determining the temperature and humidity index. The equipment and software package used for the research are presented.

Results. A graph of the results of South Korean studies is presented to compare the effects of heat stress on productivity. The results and discussions display a modernized formula for determining the heat stress index and figures showing the level of heat stress at different temperature and relative humidity levels.

Relevance. The problem of irrational and unbalanced nutrition is relevant for almost all regions of Russia. There is a need to enrich everyday products with micronutrients that are of particular importance in the diet. Fortified bread and bakery products with specified consumer properties in the diet can be one of such valuable products.

Methods. The methodology of structural analysis and design of systems (Structured Analysis and Design Technique, SADT) is often used in life cycle management of complex high-tech products and has not found wide application in the food industry. The authors substantiate the need to introduce tools for functional and graphical modeling of business processes that implement the SADT methodology in life cycle management to ensure the quality of finished bakery products.

Results. An original generalized functional and logical model of the process “To produce enriched bread (bakery products) with regionally significant micronutrients” has been developed. The analysis of the technology of enriched bakery products, carried out at various levels of decomposition of the process, revealed that the quality of the finished product is significantly influenced by the choice of the technological stage of applying the components of the mixture proposed for the enriching composition. It has been established that preference should be given to organic forms of additives — components of the enriching composition. To preserve the nutritional properties of bakery products, an enriching composition is proposed to be applied to the surface of the finished product. The proposed method has been tested in experimental production conditions. Its manufacturability and controllability of the proposed technical solutions are proved. The approach to functional and graphical modeling of food technologies developed by the authors on the example of bakery products opens up prospects for improving the quality of finished products and can be widely used in food engineering.

Relevance. The recycling of secondary rapeseed raw materials is a perspective trend for increasing the efficiency of production of this agricultural crop.

Methods. Degreasing of the rapeseed kernel fraction was carried out by hexane extraction, wateralcohol treatment of the low—fat rapeseed kernel with a mixture of water + ethanol (3:7). The fractional composition of the rapeseed protein complex was determined by sequential extraction with distilled water, 7% NaCl solution and 0.1M NaOH solution. Protein isolation: extractant — NaCl solution (70 g/l), pH — 9.0, T — 50 °С, duration — 90 min. The protein was precipitated at pH 4.8 and dried in a microwave oven at 500 W for 3–4 minutes. Absorption spectra of protein fractions of rapeseed seeds were recorded on a PE-5400 UV spectrophotometer using the SC5400 program.

Results. It was shown that degreasing by hexane extraction contributed to an increase in the content of globulins (by 8.5%) with a decrease in albumins (by 3.0%) and glutelins (by 3.3%). Analysis of the UV spectra of these protein fractions showed the presence of synaptic acid in the fractions of albumins and globulins. The water-alcohol treatment of the skimmed rapeseed kernel, carried out to remove phenolic compounds, contributed to the partial removal of protein from the raw material (protein content decreased from 39.06 to 32.34%), limited protein denaturation, which leads to a decrease in protein solubility and protein yield in the extract, as indicated by a decrease in the yield of the protein product relative to the raw material from 26.4 to 15.3%, a decrease in protein yield relative to the protein contained in the raw material, from 28.9 to 20.3%.

The scientific review is devoted to the current problem of the quality of raw materials in the production of dairy products. The purpose of the research is to update scientific data on the influence of zootechnical factors on the protein composition of raw cow›s milk. In the context of the development of the specialized nutrition market, an in-depth study of milk proteins is necessary as the most important source of essential amino acids. The authors reviewed the scientific works of domestic and foreign specialists, covering the influence of various factors on the protein composition of raw cattle milk. During the formation of the scientific review, the factors studied were divided into the following groups: selection-genetic, feed, temporal, zoohygienic and technological. This made it possible to determine the degree of influence of factors on milk quality indicators, especially proteins, and to trace their dependence on each other.