Relevance.The aim is evaluation in vitro antiproliferative activity of T. spiralis larvae extracts obtained from experimentally infected rats, depending on the duration of infection.

Methods. The experiment was carried out on outbred male rats infected with T. spiralis larvae at the rate of 10 larvae per 1 g of body weight. The antiproliferative activity of larval extracts obtained 40 days, 3 and 12 months after infection was determined on tumor cells of the A549 line (human lung carcinoma) using an MTT test during cultivation for 24, 48 and 72 hours in concentrations from 32 to 1000 micrograms/ml. Antiproliferative activity was expressed as % inhibition and IC₅₀.

Results. There was direct dependence of Trichinella extract antiproliferative effects on time of cultivation with A549 cells and protein concentration in extracts.  At all stages of invasion, the antiproliferative activity of the extract increased from 24 to 72 hours. at a protein concentration of 250 to 1000 mcg/ml. The extract antiproliferative activity expressed in tumor cell % inhibition and IC₅₀ increased from day 40 to month 12. The most intense dynamics was observed between day 40 and month 3. The possible reason of enhancement in extract antiproliferative effect at months 3 and 12 is alteration in quantitative and qualitative composition of proteins comprised the extracts.

Relevance. Decontamination of calves is a routine practice used on many dairy farms. Cauterization of the horny appendages is a painful procedure. Local anesthetics block the horny nerve, reducing pain at the time of the procedure, but this does not eliminate postoperative pain. The use of anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating drugs can reduce the negative effect of this procedure on the animal body.

Methods. The methodology of the work was to study the effectiveness of the use of the immunotropic drug “Bovistim-K” and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug “Ketoprof” in the decontamination of calves. Three groups of black-and-white calves aged 10–14 days (10 animals each) were selected for scientific research. In the control group, the calves were not injected with drugs and infiltration anesthesia before and after heat treatment of the horny processes. In the 1st experimental group, infiltration anesthesia was performed before decontamination and “Ketoprof” was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 1.5 ml. The calves of the 2nd experimental group were additionally injected with “Bovistim-K” at a dose of 3.0 ml three days before surgery and on the day of surgery.

Results. The thermal method of decoration in the scheme using “Ketoprof” and “Bovistim-K” drugs contributes to the fastest recovery of clinical and physiological parameters of calves, increases the concentration of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood, reduces the level of leukocytes and total protein, which indicates the activation of compensatory mechanisms of the body. The use of the immunotropic agent “Bovistim-K” stimulates tissue regeneration, increases the resistance of affected tissues in the area of thermal burn.

The steroid hormone cortisol is the end product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Recently, cortisol has been considered as a potential biomarker for identifying stress, because it is directly related to the body›s response. The most common methods for determining endocrine status, including cortisol, are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA), as they are the most reliable and have high sensitivity. Cortisol levels are determined mainly in blood, saliva, serum and urine. The concentration of this hormone in these samples is related to the circadian rhythm and fluctuates throughout the day. Therefore, samples of this biomaterial allow the analysis of acute dynamic changes in cortisol. The effects of chronic stress require assessment of long-term stress levels. Hair (fur) cortisol concentrations are increasingly used as a biomarker of long-term stress. Hair cortisol analysis has thus been a major methodological advance because it provides retrospective assessment of cumulative levels over long periods of time (from days to months). Over the past decade, the validity of hair (fur) cortisol levels as an indicator of long-term levels has been established. In addition, this material is the most stable over time and resistant to environmental influences. Measuring hair cortisol levels is an innovative method for determining long-term increases in cortisol levels, independent of many methodological difficulties and not associated with other matrices. Interest in hair as an object of endocrine activity is due to various unique features that provide many advantages over other biomaterials.

Relevance. The use of non-traditional dietary components in poultry farming is associated with the industry›s need for new additives that could compete in price and quality with soy products and animal feeds. Their use should be based on a comprehensive study of their chemical composition and physiological properties.

Methods. The most objective way of evaluation is the determination of taste and nutritive value on fistulated birds by the activity of digestive enzymes after 60 and 120 minutes from the moment of feeding when using the studied additives in the diet.

Results.  Experiments performed on broiler chickens showed that out of three additives (soybean meal, rape seeds and white lupine) the most preference was given to white lupine by experimental fistula chickens, because in this case there was a more pronounced reaction from the side of trypsin activity in comparison with the control feed (trypsin activity was higher by 29,0% (p < 0.05) in the first 60 minutes after feeding. In this case, the lowest indices of phosphatase-trypsin index and increase of protein metabolism by blood biochemical indices were noted. When using rape seeds in the feed mixture, a tendency of trypsin activity decrease in the first 60 minutes after feeding was observed, indicating lower palatability of this additive.

Relevance. The widespread prevalence of postdiplostomiasis and the high prevalence of parasite invasion of aquatic organisms, on the one hand, and the popularity in the diet of the population of fish products harvested by amateur fishermen and not passed veterinary and sanitary examination, on the other hand, determine the high probability of harm to human health and emphasize the relevance of this parasitic disease and the need to monitor its prevalence in the waters of reservoirs — popular fishing grounds.

Methods. From May to June 2023, control fishing was carried out in 12 reservoirs of the Volga Federal District. All the fish caught were carefully examined for the presence of characteristic clinical signs of postdiplostomosis on the body. In case of detection of the latter (in order to confirm the diagnosis), a microscopic examination was performed.

Results. It was found that out of 12 fishing sites, only 5 turned out to be safe for postdiploidomiasis. The extent of fish invasion by metacercariae was 100% in two fishing sites. The extent of the invasion differed depending on the type of fish. For example, 100% of perches caught on the Volga River section (in the vicinity of the village of Sosnovka) were affected by metacercariae, and all individuals of walleye turned out to be healthy. The well-being of two sections of the water area located in close proximity to each other (even one reservoir) may differ significantly. For example, the extent of invasion of fish caught in the Volga River area near the village of Bags (fishing site No. 4) was 100%, and in the fishing site No. 5 located in the immediate vicinity it was only 25%.

The intestines of animals are a complex ecosystem consisting of a microbiome, host cells, and nutrients. There are about 100 trillion bacteria in the intestinal tract that form the intestinal microbiota. They are taxonomically classified by genus, family, order, and type. The intestinal microflora mainly consists of six types: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Bacterioidetes and firmicutes occupy a dominant position in the intestinal tract of animals and play a key role in the nutrient absorption system and help strengthen the intestinal barrier. The composition of the microbial community ecosystem is dynamic, and its composition depends on many factors including genes, medications, and feeding.

The purpose of this review is to analyze the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and factors affecting their biodiversity. The composition of the microbial community ecosystem is dynamic and depends on many factors, including genes, medications, and feeding. Changes in the feeding diet can cause time shifts (within 24 hours) in a large number of microorganisms. It follows that feeding is also a vital regulator of the intestinal microbiota. The prospects for applying the results of the study of the microbiota of the body of farm animals are obvious, since they can become the basis for creating technologies that allow correcting undesirable changes in the microbiome of animals that arise as negative consequences of the intensification of highly productive agricultural production.

Relevance. Modern sheep farming in Russia faces an important task: providing the population with high–quality and healthy dietary foods - lamb meat and young mutton. To obtain the necessary amount of high-quality mutton and lamb, it is necessary to strengthen the feed base. One of the ways to strengthen the feed base of sheep breeding in Russia is the development of domestic protein-vitaminmineral concentrates based on local feed resources, which will help solve problems to improve the health of young sheep, ensure their balanced and nutritious nutrition, as well as increase their productive indicators and reduce fattening times.

Methods. Studies on the effect on the meat productivity of crossbred sheep by replacing part of the household compound feed with an experienced PVMC were conducted at the sheep farm of JSC "Satinskoye" in the Tambov region in 2021–2022. The study of the meat qualities of sheep of experimental groups was carried out based on the results of control slaughter of three typical animals from each group at the age of  8 months according to a generally accepted method.

Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the sheep of the 1st experimental group, which had a share of 30%, 25% and 20% replacement of household compound feed with BVMC, surpassed their peers from the control and 2nd experimental groups in most of the studied indicators. Thus, in terms of slaughter weight, the sheep of the 1st group significantly surpassed their counterparts from the control and 2nd experimental groups, respectively, by 2.87 kg (p ≥ 0.99) and 1.21 kg (p ≥ 0.95).

Relevance. It is known that the mineral composition of the feeds of the Republic of Bashkortostan used in animal diets, in terms of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, cobalt and sulfur, does not meet the needs of animals. The deficiency of minerals is especially high in growing young animals.

In this regard, the development and scientific justification of the use of a complex mineral and vitamin feed additive (hereinafter CMVFA) in the diets of growing young sheep, which stimulate digestion and digestibility of nutrients in the diet, thereby increasing productivity, is of particular importance.

Methods. To study the effectiveness of feeding KMVKD in the diets of the Romanov breed yarok on the indicators of body weight gain in peasant farming conditions, 4 groups of yarok were formed on the principle of pairs of analogues (10 heads each). Yarki of the control group received in addition to the main diet at the rate of 20 g of monocalcium phosphate and 15 g of premix per head (P81-1-89). The yarks of the experimental groups of KMVKD were introduced into the composition of crushed grain mixtures: made according to recipes No. 1 — for the first, No. 2 — for the second, No. 3 — for the third (35 g per head per day).

Results. With a small difference in the intake of substances between the groups, the use of UMVD of 35 g per head per day had a significant impact on body weight gain. During the experiment period, the average daily weight gain in animals of the control group was 165 g, and in the experimental groups, respectively, 174.75 g, 183.52 g and 190.68 g, or more by 5.91%, 11.22% and 15.56% compared with the control. The level of profitability of production in the experimental groups increased by 10.60%, 16.03% and 20.54% compared with peers from the control group.

Relevance. Soybean in the Russian Federation is of particular importance in replenishing the protein deficit in livestock farming, which in recent years has amounted to more than 1.80 million tons. Therefore, the initial task is to increase yields, as well as expand the area of soybean cultivation in new regions, with the development of cultivation technology.

Methods. Field experiments were conducted in the Western Zakamye in the fields of the “Rakhmatullin” farm in the Chistopol district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2019–2021. The humus content on leached chernozem is 5.7–6.0%. The object of research is the soybean variety SibNIIK 315.

Results. The use of dump plowing to a depth of 25–27 cm on the 6th variant “harrowing + cultivation + + 2 row-to-row treatments” contributed to the reduction of weeds on crops in an average of 3 years to 20 pcs/m². When carrying out non-dumping treatment to the appropriate depth at the beginning of the growing season, the largest number of weeds was 58.7 pcs/m² in the 1st variant “harrowing in 2 tracks (control)”, and the smallest (41.3 pcs/m²) — in the 5th variant “harrowing + cultivation + 1 row-to-row treatment”. On average, during the experiments, the largest raw mass of weeds at the beginning of the growing season, 73.6 g/m², was formed on the 1st variant “harrowing in 2 tracks (control)”, and the smallest (53.2 g/m²) — on the 6th variant “harrowing + cultivation + 2 row-to-row treatments”. By the harvest ripeness of soybeans, weighing revealed that the largest raw mass of weeds in the 1st variant “harrowing in 2 traces (control)” was 50.6 g/m², and the smallest (29.4 g/m²) — in the 6th variant “harrowing + cultivation + 2 row-to-row treatments”. The highest grain yield (2.2 t/ha) was formed when plowing to a depth of 25–27 cm on the 6th variant “harrowing + cultivation + 2 row-to-row treatments”, the increase from the control was 0.9 t/ha.

Relevance. In recent years, the increase in gross grain harvests of grain crops has occurred mainly due to increased adaptability and yield, in which a significant role was played by the introduction of new highyielding varieties into production.

Methods. The object of the study is a new variety of spring barley Lyuboyar, entered in 2023 in the State

Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in the Northwestern, Central and VolgaVyatka regions. Yaromir and Reliable varieties were used as standards, and the most popular varieties Nur and Vladimir were used for comparative analysis. The studies were carried out by field and laboratory methods using appropriate techniques.

Results. The yield of the new Luboyar variety, which amounted to 7.63 t/ha, consistently exceeds the yield of standard varieties (by 5.8–6.7%) and popular seeds on the market among Russian producers of Nur and Vladimir varieties (by 15.4–32.0%) for many years (2021–2023). The introduction of a new variety into production will allow you to get the highest conditional net income (29 016 rubles/ha) with a profitability level of 81.0% (23.2–43.9% higher compared to Nur and Vladimir varieties).

Relevance. The appearance of weeds in the fields of farms does not always imply their complete destruction, since from an economic point of view this may be ineffective. Therefore, in order to predict the effectiveness of crop contamination control in specific soil and climatic conditions, an urgent task is to develop and substantiate models of weed harmfulness and calculate economic thresholds for their harmfulness.

Methods. The harmfulness of gray bristle (Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv) and green bristle (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv) in the conditions of the Agro-Invest Plus LLC enterprise in the Karsunsky district of the Ulyanovsk region in 2021–2022 on the yield of Despina barley was studied. The economic harmfulness thresholds were calculated against the background of the use of herbicides Ovsyugen Super, CE — 0.5 l/ha; Axial 50, CE — 0.9 l/ha; Puma Super, EMV — 0.9 l/ha; Avantik Turbo, MD — 0.5 l/ha. The scheme of the experience included: Option 1 — without weeds (control), 2–6 options — with the number of weeds, respectively, 10 pcs/m², 20 pcs/m², 30 pcs/m², 40 pcs/m², 50 pcs/m², option 7 — with natural blockage. The accounting area of the plot is 1 m2, the location is systematic with an offset, the repetition is 6 times.

Results. Based on field experiments, predictive models have been developed to determine the harmfulness of weeds, which make it possible to establish economic thresholds for their harmfulness in the conditions of a particular farm. The harmfulness of the bristle according to the linear function was 0.106–0.147 c/ha, depending on the amount (pcs/m²) or 0.322–0.291 c/ha by weight (g/m²). According to prognostic models, the proportion (%) of changes in barley grain yield from contamination ranged from 79 to 85%. Studies have shown that chemical weeding is advisable in the presence of bristles in barley phytocenoses from 8 to 15 pcs/m².

Relevance. In the structure of the acreage of the Northwestern region of the Russian Federation, a large proportion is occupied by perennial grasses, the herbage of which can potentially have severe weeds, and the harmfulness of weeds is high. Despite the current situation, the influence of weeds on the formation of an aboveground mass of grasses remains poorly understood.

Methods. The purpose of the study is to assess the harmfulness of weed vegetation in the herbage of perennial grasses of the 1st and 2nd years of use in the north-west of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in 2010–2018 in the fields of grain-grass-row crop rotation of the Menkovsky branch of the Agrophysical Research Institute located in the Leningrad region, in the structure of long-term experience with the application of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products.

Results. Studies have shown that weeds cause significantly more harm (6.3 times) to perennial grasses of the 1st year of use than grasses of the 2nd year. Yield losses from the total value of the raw phytomass of weeds amounted to 15.75 c/ha (5.3%) and 2.51 c/ha (1%), including from 1 g/m2 at the time of mowing 0.150 c/ha (0.05%) and 0.07 c/ha (0.03%). The introduction of high doses of mineral fertilizers and the use of herbicides in the integrated crop protection system of grain-grass-row crop rotation led to a decrease in the harmfulness of weeds. In the perennial herbs of the 2nd year of use, the identified effects were significantly more pronounced than in the herbs of the 1st year. Under the influence of mineral fertilizers, the hazard coefficients decreased by 2.6 and 5.7 times, the protective measures systems — by 1.4 and 4.2 times, and the yield losses of green mass — by 2.6 and 10.7 times, 1.9 and 8.9 times, respectively, on grasses of the 1st and 2nd years of use.

Relevance. The article presents the results of studying the effect of organic fertilizers of various origins on vegetable crops of radish and watercress. The relevance of the study is related to the need to find the most effective preparations based on humic acids from a wide list offered for use in crop production.

Methods. The research was carried out in a model experiment in 2022–2023 with humic fertilizers of geological (“Humate K”) and biological (“AgroVerm” and “Humate K”) origin. The study of the effect of meliorants was carried out on vegetable crops: radish of the Heat variety and watercress of the Moscow Greenhouse variety. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the application of organic fertilizers significantly increases germination, stimulates the growth and development of crops. The effect of humic preparations significantly increased growth indicators and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the green mass of plants with control. For the watercress culture, the highest yield values (1.46 kg /m2) were noted against the background of the introduction of the drug “Humate K”, and for radish, the maximum yield value (2.8 kg/ m2) was observed in the variant of using the effluent Samorod.

Results. The results of the study confirmed the high efficiency of using humic fertilizers in conditions of low soil fertility and revealed the selective sensitivity of vegetable crops to humic preparations of various origins.

Relevance. Organic production is focused on maximizing the use of natural resources. Particular importance is attached to natural nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation provides agricultural systems with nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere and converted into forms accessible to plants. The microbial biological “Flavobacterin”, which exhibits nitrogen-fixing activity and also suppresses a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, was created at the All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Microbiology.

Methods. Field studies of the “Flavobacterin” effects on potatoes were carried out from 2018 to 2022 in an organic crop rotation located at the Experimental Station of the Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production Branch of FSAC VIM.

Results. The soil of the experimental plot is soddy-podzolic, light loamy gleyic on residual carbonate moraine loam, characterized by a slightly acidic reaction and a high content of organic matter. Udacha variety potatoes were cultivated. The studies were carried out with organic fertilizer — BIAGUM compost, prepared from chicken manure by industrial method. Potato tubers were treated with a “Flavobacterin” when planting, and then on the leaves. Weather conditions in summer during the years of research differed significantly from each other. In all years of the study, with the exception of the dry year 2021, the application of “Flavobacterin” significantly increased potato productivity by an average of 4.4 t/ha, without compost. In the same years, the use of compost together with “Flavobacterin” increased potato productivity by an average of 2.6 t/ha compared to options where compost was used without biological.

Relevance. The work describes the prospect of using black soldier fly zoohumus as an organic fertilizer to activate the growth of microgreens of non-traditional legume species, including small-seeded ones, and the prospects of reducing the dose of mineral fertilizers.

Methods. An experiment was carried out with a comparative study of changes in the morphometric and chemical parameters of plant growth at the full recommended dose of mineral fertilizers, and at 25% of their use, but with the addition of 1% liquid extract of zoohumus, also enriched with essential elements. The duration of the experiment was 21 days. The plants were grown in a closed grow tent, with intensive light culture and control of the internal microclimate of the working area.

Results. Among the six studied non-traditional legume species grown for microgreens, the most responsive to combined treatment with an organomineral complex was Onobrychis viciifolia. Trifolium rubens showed the worst result in terms of biomass. Analysis of changes in the profile distribution of essential elements in the resulting green biomass, carried out using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), revealed iron and zinc ions as potential targets associated with yield shortfalls in juvenile shoots. Since in global food systems these microelements are the most common nutrients noted for the manifestation of “hidden hunger”, especially among children under 5 years of age and women of childbearing age, when creating a nutritional biocomposition based on black soldier fly zoohumus for growing non-traditional types of legumes, further the emphasis should be on them. No significant differences were found in the number of macroelements.

Results. The results of the study confirmed the high efficiency of using humic fertilizers in conditions of low soil fertility and revealed the selective sensitivity of vegetable crops to humic preparations of various origins.

Relevance. Recently, to achieve maximum naturalness and naturalness of compositions in urban landscaping, ornamental grasses and sedges are increasingly used. They fit into any decorative landscape, in which they can act as a structure-forming component or as an addition.

The purpose of the research is to develop a new range of ornamental grasses and sedges that are highly stable, decorative and promising for use in ornamental gardening of the region.

Methods. In the introduction experiment, we studied the morph-biological characteristics of the plants under study. The degree of their adaptation to new natural and climatic conditions and resistance to a complex of environmental factors — winter hardiness, frost resistance, drought resistance and the degree of disease and pest damage were assessed. The time and duration of the decorative condition were taken into account. Based on the results of the analysis of the results of introduction studies, an assessment of the prospects was given.

Results. Seven cultivars of warm seasonal ornamental cereals belonging to the genera Tripidium H. Scholz, Arundo L., Miscanthus Andersson, Pennisetum Rich were studied. Spartina Schreb., Nassella (Trin.) E. Desc., a cold season cereal from the genus Phragmites Adans. and nine cultivars of sedges of the genus Carex L. The studied plants showed a high degree of adaptation to new natural and climatic conditions and retained useful economic and biological properties and characteristics. Plants are distinguished by winter, frost and drought resistance, are not damaged by diseases and pests, according to the scale of introduction resistance, they are classified as resistant plants. They have preserved the natural rhythms of ontogenesis, natural habit and life form, the ability to go through the full cycle of shoot development, and reproduce well by vegetative means. Decorative from 82 to 125 days and classified as a promising plant. The studied cultivars of cereals and sedges are diverse in their methods of use in landscaping and can perform various role tasks in landscape compositions. We can recommend for use in landscaping areas.

To increase the efficiency of livestock farming, scientists are developing information and communication technologies aimed at digitalizing the process of assessing the exterior of animals. This review should improve understanding of the development steps of systems applicable to the digitalization of animal conformation assessment using computer vision and deep learning neural networks. The search focused on several topics: computer vision systems; training datasets; image acquisition systems; deep learning models; neural networks for training; performance parameters and system evaluation. Machine vision is an innovative solution by combining sensors and neural networks, providing a non-contact way to assess livestock conditions as cameras can replace human observation. Two approaches are used to obtain three-dimensional images for digitalization tasks in animal husbandry: shooting animals using one 3D camera fixed in one place, and shooting from different points using several 3D cameras that record images of animals and individual parts of their bodies, such like an udder. The features extracted from the images, called dorsal features, are used as input to the models. The reviewed publications used a variety of deep learning models, including CNN, DNN, R-CNN, and SSD, depending on the task. Similarly, neural networks such as EfficientNet, ShapeNet, DeepLabCut and RefineDet have been mainly used for animal health monitoring, while GoogleNet, AlexNet, NasNet, CapsNet, LeNet and ERFNet are mainly used for identification purposes.

Relevance. The objectives of the work are to develop radio-hermetic installations and substantiate the effective design of the working chamber, which provides a comprehensive effect of electrophysical factors on non-food pulp raw materials to preserve feed value at reduced operating costs. Scientific tasks: 1) to develop installations with different designs of resonators; 2) to conduct a comparative analysis of the working chambers according to the main parameters; 3) to evaluate the technical and economic indicators of an effective installation in relation to the basic version.

Methods. The effect of electrophysical factors on raw materials is realized in resonators with magnetrons and frequency generators of pulse-modeled high-frequency oscillations of 110 kHz, where a bactericidal flux lamp serves as a high-potential electrode.

Results. Several continuous-flow radiohermetic installations with ultrahigh-frequency (microwave) power supply to non-standard resonators have been developed, inside which a complex effect of a high-intensity electric field, a bactericidal flow of UV rays and ozone is realized to reduce bacterial contamination of the product and neutralize odor during heat treatment of raw materials, the dimensions of which are consistent with the depth of penetration of the wave. Features of conical and biconic resonators − provide radio leakage in continuous operation by cutting off the tip at the level of the critical section, depending on the angle of inclination of the cone generator, and allow you to keep the standing wave inside the resonator. The combination of magnetron and cylindrical resonators increases the efficiency of the interaction of the electron flux with the microwave field, and an increase in the inductive volume, which is a “reservoir” of energy, increases the intrinsic quality of the resonator. A quasi-toroidal resonator, presented as a conical resonator in a toroidal resonator, having small overall dimensions and metal consumption, provides a traveling wave in the annular space, and a standing wave in the conical space. The high electric field strength in the capacitor part of the resonator and the corona discharge in the torus contribute to the disinfection of raw materials.

Promising candidates as antibacterial drugs are antimicrobial peptides (AMP) present in cow colostrum. The aim of the research is to isolate, theoretically substantiate and confirm the biological activity of a new AMP from pepsin hydrolysate of cow colostrum with the amino acid sequence EKLAKNKLARGLKRK. According to the Protein NCBI database, the isolated AMP is identified as AW655195.1 105840 MARC 1BOV/ Bos taurus (cattle). When identifying AMP from the database of antimicrobial peptides APD, it was not found. When identifying AMP using the DRAMP database, the object under study is missing, but its characteristics belong to the antimicrobial class. The total hydrophobic ratio of the peptide determined by APD is 33%. The total net charge is +6, the molecular weight is 1753.151 Da. Protein binding potential (Boman index) at 3.44 kcal/mol. The selected AMP is close in characteristics to the known ones included in the APD database. AMP belongs to the cationic hydrophobic α-helical, which suggests its antimicrobial activity. As a result of in vitro experiments, the antimicrobial and antitumor activity of the peptide has been proven.

Relevance. The market segment for products based on plant-based ingredients continues to gain momentum. Protecting health and reducing the environmental burden are the most important driving forces for consumers to buy plant-based products. About 1% of the world’s population suffers from diagnosed celiac disease. Around 13% of the population exhibits symptoms of non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Thus, the production of gluten-free food products, including fermented ones, is becoming increasingly important.

Methods. The technological parameters for producing buckwheat dispersion and its quality indicators were assessed. The analysis of the process of acid accumulation during fermentation by microorganisms Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium, and Streptococcus was carried out. Data on the dynamics of microbial biomass accumulation during fermentation were obtained, and the influence of selected starter cultures on the antioxidant properties of fermented dispersions during storage was studied. The impact of chosen strains on organoleptic characteristics was determined, and the dependence of the viscosity of fermented samples on the shear rate was studied.

Results. Buckwheat dispersion is a suitable medium for the production of fermented drinks. The duration of fermentation ranged from 5 to 9 hours. The most intense acid accumulation process is observed when S. thermophilus is used for 5 hours. The maximum increase in biomass is achieved with L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus AT-41, and B. bifidum. Probiotic microorganisms provide stable levels of antioxidant activity during storage. The samples fermented with S. thermophilus, B. bifidum, P. shermanii KM-186, and L. bulgaricus were the most viscous. The most outstanding organoleptic preference was given to samples with L. acidophilus 57S, S. thermophilus, and L. bulgaricus.

Relevance. At the same time, a prerequisite for a successful product on the market is its high organoleptic properties at a fairly low-price policy. As one of such approaches can be proposed the use of non-traditional plant raw ingredients (whole-milled flour from sprouted grain, β-glucan, pectin, etc.), which will allow to form high-quality food products of functional orientation.

Methods. The objects of the study were defined as model mixtures of wheat flour baking flour of the highest grade and non-traditional raw materials, as well as samples of bakery products (sliced loaf) obtained according to the traditional (control) and experimental formulation. The rheological characteristics of the dough were determined by alveograph and farinograph. The quality of the finished bakery products was assessed on a 40-point scale, as well as the control of the specific volume and humidity of the products.

Results. The studies showed that the introduction of β-glucan has a minimal effect on the elasticity of the dough, there is a decrease in the values of the quality index of farinograph on average by 17 - 22%. The dough elasticity decreases with the introduction of pectin more than 2 times, the values of quality indicator of farinograph increase, and the best result is characterized by the introduction of pectin in the amount of 2%, the maximum dough stability to kneading and minimum values of dough liquefaction degree are observed. Control and experimental samples of bakery products had high enough total values of organoleptic evaluation. The specific volume of experimental products increased by an average of 12% when beta-glucan was added in an amount of 0.1%, and by 8% when pectin was added in an amount of 4% relative to control samples. The obtained results confirmed the possibility and expediency of using non-traditional raw materials in the formulation of bakery products. 

Microelementosis is a disease associated with a deficiency of certain vital microelements. Today, there are ways to combat the lack of essential micronutrients. In this article, the mechanochemical synthesis of a triple copper-containing complex with ascorbic acid and L-isoleucine, an essential amino acid, was carried out. Examination of the sample by X-ray diffractometry showed that the sample has a trigonal crystal structure with space group P31c. As a result of computer quantum chemical modeling, the values of the difference in total energy, chemical hardness, energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital were determined. We determined the optimal option for the interaction of copper with vitamin C and L-isoleucine, where the binding occurs through hydroxyl groups attached to the C₂ and C₃ atoms of ascorbic acid, and through the carboxyl group and α-amino group of isoleucine. The sample was examined by IR spectroscopy and confirmed by computer modeling data. The stability of the resulting complex was studied depending on the technological parameters — pH, temperature and exposure time. Using the Greco-Latin square method, a matrix for planning a multifactorial experiment was compiled. An analysis of the dependence of the change in optical density (∆ D) on pH, temperature and exposure time showed that the pH of the medium and the temperature of the solution have a significant effect on ∆ D: an increase in the pH of the medium and the temperature of the solution leads to an increase in ∆ D. Exposure time does not have a significant effect to change the optical density value (∆ D). The parameters at which sample stability is observed correspond to the lowest values of ∆ D: pH = 3–8, t = 25–70, τ = 5–15. The effect of the concentration of a copper-containing complex on the physicochemical parameters of milk was studied. It has been established that the optimal concentration of copper ascorbate isoleucinate for fortifying dairy products is 0.005 mol/l or less. Next, an organoleptic assessment of the indicators of milk enriched with copper ascorbate isoleucinate was carried out. The analysis of the results showed that the organoleptic parameters (smell and taste) of milk enriched with ascorbate-isoleucinate of copper are 0.1 points higher than those of milk enriched with the inorganic form of the essential trace element copper and 0.3 points lower than that of the control milk sample.