The fifth section presents information on the number of views of article descriptions and views of articles per year of the journal “Agrarnaya Nauka” (on the website https://www.elibrary.ru). Statistical information is presented on the “Top 10 publications” by the number of views and the “Top 10 publications” by the number of downloads of full texts of articles per year on the eLIBRARY.RU portal.
29,673 views of articles per year according to the eLIBRARY.RU portal. According to this indicator, the journal is among the top 25% of journals in all studied reference groups.
1,673 downloads of articles of the journal “Agrarnaya Nauka” per year according to the eLIBRARY.RU portal. The journal is among the top 50% of journals in the reference groups for:
• the group of Russian journals included in the core of the Russian Science Citation Index (a sample of 1,480 journals);
• the group of Russian journals included in the “White List” (level 4) (sample of 368 journals);
• the group of journals included in the Higher Attestation Commission list (sample of 3736 journals);
• the group of Russian journals included in the Scopus list (quartile 4) (sample of 304 journals).

Poultry farming in Russia occupies a promising and strategic position in the agro-industrial complex, acting as a key source of providing the population with high-quality protein products such as meat and eggs. The urinary system in domestic birds has unique anatomical features, namely the absence of a bladder, direct excretion of urine through the cloaca. The kidneys of birds perform not only the function of filtering blood and removing metabolites, but also participate in calcium metabolism, which is critically important for the formation of eggshells. Fresh carcasses of ten individuals of the Hysex White cross were used as the research material. A study of the anatomical and topographic features of the kidneys of hens of the Hysex White cross revealed a number of differences between males and females. In males, the kidneys are larger, which is due to their greater body weight and increased intensity of metabolic processes. A more active water-salt exchange associated with behavioral factors requires increased filtration capacity. Anatomical asymmetry was found in both sexes: the left kidney is larger than the right one. This is due to the topography: the right kidney borders the liver, which limits its growth in the cranial direction. Analysis of the blood supply showed that the diameter of the renal vessels in males is larger than in females. This feature is associated with the influence of testosterone, which stimulates the development of vascular smooth muscle and enhances angiogenesis. In addition, the high body weight of males requires increased blood flow to supply the kidneys with oxygen and nutrients. These morphological differences reflect the evolutionary adaptation to sexual dimorphism in physiology and energy requirements typical of birds. In hens of Hysex White, such features are more pronounced due to breeding for high productivity, which can enhance the sexual specificity of the vascular system structure.

Relevance. Animals are culled for various reasons. There is a high proportion of veterinary causes in general and individual diseases in particular.
Methods. The object of the study was information extracted from the database of the IAC “SELEX. Dairy cattle”, concerning the culling of 37,344 cows. The analysis was performed in the context of nosologies: obstetric and gynecological (OGD), internal non-infectious (INCD), surgical (SD), infectious and invasive (IID).
Results. Cows culled as a result of OGD were characterized by the following maximum values: milk yield for the last completed and maximum lactation, as well as for their 100, 200 and 305 days; fat mass fraction for the completed lactation and its 305 days, as well as for similar periods of the last completed and maximum lactation; protein mass fraction for the completed lactation; yield milk fat and protein for the last completed and maximum lactation, including for 305 days of lactation. The animals that were eliminated due to INCD differed in the maximum values: the mass fraction of protein for lactation, the last completed and maximum lactation, including for their 305 days. Individuals culled due to SD had the highest values: the mass fraction of fat for the last completed and 305 days of the last completed lactation and for 305 days of maximum lactation. Cows that were eliminated due to IID had the maximum milk yield values for all studied periods; the yield of the mass fraction of fat and protein for completed lactation, including for 305 days; the coefficient of lactation stability for all studied. The minimum values of the studied indicators, characteristic of animals eliminated as a result of certain groups of nosologies, have also been established.

The article presents experimental data on the use of the drug “Lactico” and an assessment of its effectiveness in the treatment of cows with subclinical mastitis. The diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was confirmed based on a test with a diagnosticum for determining somatic cells using the Kenotest system. The level of somatic cells in milk samples before treatment and 72 hours after the last use of the drug was determined using a test on the viscosimetric milk analyzer “Eсomilk Scan” the beginning and end of the experiment, peripheral blood was collected from animals with subclinical mastitis for hematological studies. Before using the drug “Lactico” in the experimental group No. 2, an increased level of somatic cells in milk was recorded (761.23 ± 63.0 thousand/ml), which indicated subclinical mastitis. After the course of treatment, the indicator significantly decreased (p < 0.05) to the physiological norm (344.5 ± 51.3 thousand/ml), confirming the high efficiency of the therapeutic intervention.

Relevance. Modern dairy cattle of the Middle Urals are distinguished by their large mass. These are large animals with a high genetic potential of 10-12 thousand kg or more of milk per lactation. It is of interest to assess the further possibility of increasing the breeding value of Holstein breed animals, including productive longevity.
The aim of the work is to study the variability of milk productivity indicators of cows-daughters of different breeding bulls depending on the age in lactation.
Methods. The research was conducted in the conditions of a typical agricultural enterprise for the production of milk — a breeding reproducer for the breeding of Holstein cattle. The object of the research is cows-daughters from breeding bulls Altaesquaye, Campman, Charman and Emen. The material and data for comparison were the database of the IAC “SELEX — Dairy Cattle”, the results of our own research. Milk yield for 305 days of lactation by lactation, MJ and MDB in milk by lactation were taken into account.
Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the milk yields of cows-daughters of different bulls-producers vary differently depending on age. Thus, the milk yield of Altaesquaie bull cows had the highest rates during the second lactation, and then stabilized with fluctuations in one direction or another by 350–700 kg with a constant decrease (starting from the 5th lactation). The same changes were noted in the daughters of bull Charman. The daughters of the Campman bull increased milk yield to age-appropriate lactation, and then decreased with fluctuations in lactation. The daughters of bull Emen have been found to have increased milk yields up to and including the 5th lactation. The same changes were found for MJ and MDB in milk, which is confirmed by fluctuations in the coefficient of variability depending on age.

Enzyme supplements are widely used in the feeding of farm animals all over the world. Feeding with enzyme catalysts is often accompanied by an increase in feed intake due to the fact that the palatability of the diet increases due to the sugars released during the hydrolysis of feed fiber. After the enzymes enter the stomach, the rate of digestion increases due to the hydrolytic activity in the rumen, which reduces intestinal filling and increases digestibility.
The aim of the study was to study the features of the absorption of nutrients in the diet of bull calves when the protease enzyme is included in the diet.
The objects of research are Kazakh white-headed bulls an average weight of 320–330 kg at the age of 14–15 months (number of 8 heads). Supplementing the diet of Kazakh whiteheaded bull calves with a mushroom protease exoenzyme at a dosage of 50 g/head had a positive effect on the metabolic mechanisms in the bull calves. As a result, an increase in the digestibility of nutrients in the diets of the experimental group was recorded. The digestibility of trace elements increased: Li by 2.0%, B by 0.4%, Se by 1.9%, Br by 2.7%, I by 24.6%, Zn by 1.0%; assimilation worsened: Mn by 19.2%, Co by 29.8%, Ni by 0.8%, Cu by 2.8%, Mo by 4.8 %, Cr by 6.8%, Fe by 1.5%. Toxic trace elements (Sr, Sn, Al, Cd, Hg, Pb) were better removed from the animal body under the influence of fungal protease.

A comparative analysis of the growth rate and development of turkeys when using the feed additive “Biorostacidum®” in their diet was carried out. Three groups of day-old turkeys of the BIG-6 cross were formed, each of which consisted of 100 individuals (without gender separation). The first control group received a carefully balanced standard diet. The second experimental group, in addition to the standard feed, received the feed additive “Biorostacidum®” at a dosage of 0.5 kg per 1 ton of feed. Experimental group III received a similar supplement at a dosage of 1.0 kg per 1 ton of feed.
It was found that the feed additive “Biorostacidum®” has a beneficial effect on the body of turkeys, stimulating an increase in the body weight gain of the experimental bird by 6.5% and 12.5% compared with the control group. The average daily weight gain of turkeys increased by 5.6 g and 10.7 g, which is equivalent to 6.6% and 12.7% relative to the control indicator. The slaughter yield in the experimental groups of turkeys was 78.6% and 80.1%, which exceeds the control indicator (76.7%) by 1.9% and 3.4%, respectively. In addition, the addition of the feed additive “Biorostacidum®” to the feed of the main diet led to an increase in the safety of turkeys by 2.0% and 4.0% compared with the control group.

As a result of the work, a comprehensive analysis of the connection of the transcriptional activity of the LCORL gene in the transverse breast muscle of the northern deer of the Nenetskaya breed with its killer mass was carried out.
A comparative analysis of the level of relative expression of the LCORL gene in the studied fabric in deer in various groups on the basis of “slaughter mass” showed that the LCORL gene is highly expressed in the slaughter group of 50.2–59.2 kg (Median = 0.367), and the lowest expression in the deer group 60.2–75.0 kg (Median = 0.036). The analysis of literary sources revealed that the tissue expression of the LCORL gene, taking into account the weight characteristics of the deer, was not previously studied. The results of this study provide new information about the features of the expression of the LCORL gene in the northern reindeer of the Nenetsk breed, taking into account tissue -specificity and letters.
An analysis of correlation ties using the Dersman criterion did not reveal a multidirectional dependence of the level of relative expression of the LCORL gene in samples of the transverse chest muscle with a slaughter mass of deer of different groups, which can apparently be due to the features of the sample of deer.

Modern development of genetic and selection technologies requires in-depth study of molecular genetic mechanisms determining cattle resistance to leukemia. In this context, the study of the iNOS gene polymorphism in Bos taurus is of particular scientific and practical importance, since its results can be used to improve breeding programs aimed at increasing both animal productivity and their resistance to chronic infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to develop methods for real-time PCR in the format of hybridization-fluorescence detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms for genotyping cattle by SNP markers AH13-1 and AH13-6 of the iNOS gene. The design of modified and unmodified oligonucleotides forming for a certain polymorphic marker their own set of 5′-fluorescently labeled allele-specific primers, an anti-primer labeled with a fluorescence quencher from the 3′-end of the oligonucleotide, and a common primer was performed in the OligoAnalyzer 1.2 program. The developed methods tested in this work belong to a variety of anti-primer-mediated quantitative real-time PCR, the hybridization-fluorescence detection format of which ensures correct interpretation of the fluorescence signal growth curve data. Their reliability is supported by PCR-RFLP analysis with selected primers and restriction endonucleases, which are also capable of identifying the genotypes of the sought SNP markers. Moreover, the proposed methods for conducting real-time PCR are more expressive compared to PCR-RFLP analysis, since they do not require time-consuming procedures of endonuclease cleavage and subsequent electrophoretic separation of the generated fragments.

The article provides an assessment of the influence of different types of fertilizers on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil, the formation of biological yields and the structure of the winter wheat crop in the grain crop rotation. The research was carried out in 2024 in a stationary scientific and production experiment (Kursk region) on typical medium-loamy chernozem. The following crops alternated in the crop rotation: winter rapeseed — winter wheat — corn for grain — spring barley. Fertilizer systems: mineral (“Azofoska 16:16:16” — N70P70K70), organomineral (organic fertilizer based on lowland peat “Universal 7-7-8”) and organic (organic fertilizer based on bird droppings “Biogran 5-4-4”). The fertilizer options were equivalent in terms of active substance. It was found that both organic and organomineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in soil moisture reserves. The application of fertilizers “Biogran 5-4-4” and “Universal 7-7-8” increased wheat yields by 1.9 and 1.8 times, respectively, compared with the control. When using only mineral fertilizers, the indicator in question increased 1.5 times. When using organic fertilizer, an increase in the number of productive winter wheat stalks and a weight of 1,000 grains was noted. The number of grains in the ear was greatest in the variant with organomineral fertilizer. Studies have shown that organic and organomineral fertilizers used in the experiment for growing winter wheat were preferable to mineral fertilizers in terms of crop yield and grain quality.

Relevance. For the agricultural sector in the north-west of the Non-Chernozem zone, the upcoming climate changes towards warming have positive characteristics. However, it is necessary to adjust the range of cultivated plants in a timely manner to ensure the food security of the region. For the fodder production of the region, it is important to introduce introduced species with high adaptive potential into crop rotations as annual fodder crops. It is important to determine the main patterns of the influence of the weather conditions of the region on the growth, development and yield of crops.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted in the Novgorod region on sorghum sugar Silage 88 (1st generation hybrid), sorghum-Sudanese hybrid Navigator and Sudanese grass Zemlyachka (line) in 2016–2023. Phenological observations and records were carried out according to the methodological guidelines for conducting field experiments with fodder crops of the All-Russian Research Institute of Feed, dependencies were determined using Microsoft Excel using regression and correlation analysis.
Results. In the course of the work, the following dependences were established at the first stages of plant development: a strong positive one, causing an increase in the duration of interphase periods with an increase in the sum of active temperatures (r = 0.93–0.99) and quantity precipitation (r = 0.72); a strong negative dependence of the yield of green mass on quantity precipitation (r = 0.71) and an average on the sum of active temperature (r = 0.66). Correlations of the hydrothermal coefficient (GTK) with the duration of interphase periods and the yield of green mass have not been revealed. A close relationship has been established between the duration of the “germination — tillering” period and the yield of the green mass. Thus, it has been established that sorghums cultures are most sensitive to changes in weather conditions at the initial stages of development.

Relevance. The influence of red light (660 nm) to far-red light (730 nm) ratio (R/FR) on the growth and development of plants is an important aspect of photobiology and crop raising in green houses protected cultivation.
Methods. The experiment was carried out in a phytotron consisting of two sectors: the first with basic lighting (control), the second with additional 730 nm LEDs. The ratio of CS/DCS in the control sector was 9.9, in the experimental sector — 0.5. A photoperiod of 16 hours was set, provided by a Systec timer. The objects of the study were selected potato plants of the Grand and Julia varieties in vitro, propagated by cuttings on Murashige — Skuga agarized medium. The duration of the experiment is 28 days. After extraction from the tubes, the meristemic plants were scanned. The leaf area, plant length, and number of internodes were determined using the ImageJ program from digitized images of plants, and the mass of the aboveground part was measured on scales.
Results. The results showed that a reduced ratio of CS/DCS = 0.5 has a significant effect on the morphometric parameters of potato plants: stem length, leaf area, and the mass of the aboveground part of the plants. In both varieties, an increase in the length of the aboveground part of the plants was recorded, but no significant differences were found. An increase in leaf area under the action of additional DCS was noted in plants of both varieties: by 54.9% for the Grand variety, by 32% for the Julia variety. The dry matter content in the leaves of plants of both varieties turned out to be lower with a reduced ratio of CS/DCS, which may be due to the redistribution of resources for intensive growth and formation of biomass.

The effectiveness of enzymatic preparations based on cellulase, xylanase, alpha-amylase and pectinase activities for accelerating the decomposition of difficult-to-decompose flax plant residues during their incorporation into the soil or distribution on the surface was studied. The study was conducted in 2023 in the testing laboratory of phytodiagnostics and agrochemistry of АО “Agrodoktor”. The destruction of crop and root residues was assessed by the weight method, and the fractional composition of the undecomposed residues was determined by sieving through a sieve of different diameters. The dependence of decomposition intensity on the localization of crop residues in the soil or on its surface was revealed. When embedded in the soil, the best results were achieved using cellulase (+15.2% of the control), alpha-amylase (up to +16.7%) and pectinase (up to +27.7%). However, when distributing plant residues over the surface, the highest degradation rate was observed with the use of xylanase (+13.2%). The study revealed differences in the fractional composition of the crop and root residues of flax after the period of destruction. When distributing plant residues over the soil surface, the highest level of mineralization was recorded for variants using pectinase and xylanase, the percentage of plant residues that did not pass through a 6 mm sieve was 33.6 and 39.4, respectively, while the indicators for cellulase and amylase were at the control level of 45.3%. In the case of embedding plant residues in the soil, it was noted that cellulase, xylanase and alpha-amylase show similar results: the percentage of the large fraction varies from 8.7–9.5, pectinase shows a significantly lower indicator — 4.4, which indicates a deeper transformation of organic matter.

Relevance. The ability to manage the agrocenoses of winter wheat during the growing season, especially with biological preparations, is an important link in modern crop production. From the point of view of ecology and the stability of gross winter wheat harvests in a changing climate, this is especially in demand by agricultural producers.
Methods. The experiments were conducted in 2021/24 agricultural years in the conditions of the Azov zone of the Rostov region. The objects of research are winter wheat of the Stanichnaya and Lydia varieties, and the growth regulator “Costando, KE” (Trinexapac-ethyl) for the vegetation of the crop.
Results. The positive effect of the “Costando, KE” biopreparation on the survival of wheat plants for harvesting (+8–9%), productive and general bushiness (+13–22%), ear length (+1.1–1.2 cm), yield (+24–25%) and resistance to lodging (4 and 5 marks), as well as reducing the length of the internodes and thickening the stem (+0.1–0.5 mm). Fractional application of “Costando, KE” (0.2 + 0.2 l/ha) in vegetation showed the best results in terms of cumulative effect in the agrocenosis. The highest yield was obtained with the fractional use of the “Costando, KE” growth regulator (0.2 + 0.2 l/ha) 5.09 t/ha for Stanichnaya and Lydia varieties, respectively.

Recently, an interest in edamame (vegetable soybeans) in Russia increased, but today there are no officially registered soybean varieties in the country that are specifically intended for use as a vegetable crop. Russian scientists are studying a possibility of growing it in various regions of the country.
The purpose of this study is to study the dynamic changes in the physical properties of green beans and soybean seeds in a comparative varietal aspect.
Green beans and soybean seeds of the Dauria and Evgenia grain varieties selected by the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybeans and the Mikawashima vegetable soybean variety of Japanese breeding (accepted standard) were used as research objects. In the course of the study, the physical properties of green beans and soybean seeds were studied — the mass of 1000 seeds, the size of the beans and seeds, as well as the strength of the seeds. It has been established that grain varieties are inferior to vegetable varieties in terms of the size of beans and seeds. Significant differences were recorded in terms of the mass of 1000 seeds at actual humidity from 50.10 ± 0.18 to 76.66 ± 0.11%: the Dauria variety has 44.8–53.4%, the Evgenia variety has 17.8–50.0%. According to the coefficient of seed size, the differences were 47.7–57.5% and 44.2–52.7%, respectively. The strength indicators of the seeds of the studied soybean varieties Dauria and Evgenia significantly exceeded the standard values — by 54.7–69.2% and 26.6–46.7%, respectively.

Growing demand for environmentally friendly plant products stimulates the development of closed-type urban city farms. As an innovative business model, they effectively use the limited space of megacities, providing direct access to the market. Plants are grown vertically on hydroponics with automatic environment control. To improve product quality and reduce dependence on mineral fertilizers, their partial replacement with humic stimulants was studied. An experiment was conducted with lettuce on Hoagland medium: control (water), 50% Hoagland, 100% Hoagland, and 50% Hoagland + fulvic acids (90 ppm). After completion, biomass and elemental composition were measured. The data were processed by the ChemNN neural network, which transforms the biochemical profile into the CSIelem index, indicating the optimal nutritional regime. The results of the experiment showed that the difference in biomass between 100% and 50% Hoagland was only 9%. The addition of fulvic acids to 50% Hoagland completely leveled this difference, increasing the biomass to the level of 100% Hoagland. Fulvic acids improved the absorption of macro- and microelements from the depleted environment, which was confirmed by the growth of CSIelem for these elements. At the same time, a decrease in the content of mesoelements (Ca, Mg, S) was observed. Fulvic acid additives allow reducing the share of mineral fertilizers (up to 50%) without losing yield and nutritional value. To optimize the absorption of mesoelements, additional application of calcium, magnesium and sulfur salts to the nutrient solution or through foliar feeding is recommended.

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is a valuable stone fruit crop in the Central Belt of Russia, the Volga Region, and the Republic of Tatarstan. It is very popular among the population due to its good-tasting fruits containing nutritious and biologically active substances. In terms of winter hardiness, it surpasses other types of stone fruit crops: plum, cherry plum, apricots. Not all varieties of sour cherry bred in Russia are adapted to the harsh winter conditions of Tatarstan. Unfavorable winter conditions often damage the generative buds of sour cherry plants.
The purpose of the research is to determine the frost resistance of generative and vegetative buds in sour cherry varieties in Tatarstan.
Freezing of generative and vegetative buds, productivity in sour cherry varieties were determined according to the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding.
As a result of the research, it was established that in 2023–2024, in the laboratory of fruit crop breeding of the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, there were no sour cherry varieties with highly frost-resistant, frost-resistant and moderately frost-resistant generative buds. According to the resistance of generative buds to frost of -38 °C, sour cherry varieties were divided into the following groups: IV — slightly frost-resistant Obilnaya (k.), Shakirovskaya (k.), Livenskaya, Shelangovskaya, Truzhenitsa Tatarii, Pamyat Sakharova, Volzhskaya, Zarya Tatarii, Novella; V — not frost-resistant Sevastyanovskaya, Tveritinovskaya, Rovesnitsa, Krasa Tatarii, Dessertnaya Morozova.
Vegetative buds of sour cherry varieties showed higher resistance to frost of -38 °C than generative buds. In 2024, there were no sour cherry varieties with highly frost-resistant vegetative buds. The following sour cherry varieties were included in the II group of vegetative bud resistance (frost-resistant): Obilnaya (k.), Shelangovskaya, Truzhenitsa Tatarii, Livenskaya, Volzhskaya, Shakirovskaya (k.), Pamyat Sakharov, Zarya Tatarii.

The article is devoted to the development and testing of technology for recognizing pea sprouts and estimating its biomass based on images from UAVs using neural networks. Rocket peas were sown by the “Kuzbass” sowing complex in the Topkinsky district of the Kemerovo Region on an area of 21.55 hectares. The soil type is slightly leached chernozem. The predecessor is spring wheat. The seed depth is 6 cm, the seeding rate is 1.1 million seeds per 1 hectare. Aerial photography was performed three weeks later with a quadcopter with a 20MP camera resolution from a flight altitude of 3 m. The shooting was carried out in two stages — in the early morning in cloudy conditions to obtain images of pea shoots without shadows and in the daytime with shadows from sprouts and weeds. As a result, two sets of 120 source photos were generated to train the neural network. Based on the obtained datasets, the Ultralytics YOLOv8 neural network model was trained. Testing of the obtained models was performed in a Python program for batch image processing and counting the number of plants in each image. The accuracy of recognizing sprouts on the first dataset was 97.3%, on the second — 67.3%. This is due to the different shooting conditions. Combining the two datasets allowed for a recognition accuracy of 94.7%. This is slightly lower than the first option, but much closer to the actual conditions of aerial photography. The result of the work is a program that allows batch image processing for automatic counting of pea sprouts and calculating their area in the images.

In modern precision animal husbandry systems, wearable and implantable devices with accelerometers are actively used to monitor the health and productivity of livestock. In this study, a comparative evaluation of two devices was performed — the SCR Heatime collar (Allflex Livestock Intelligence, Israel) and a rumen bolus “Cow Health” (Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Russia) — to classify activity and chewing in dairy cows. The experiment was conducted on the basis of a farm of the Kuban State Agrarian University with the participation of Holstein cows for 90 days. The devices recorded data with a frequency of 10 Hz, which was further analyzed using machine learning algorithms to identify key behavioral patterns: feeding, chewing, walking, and resting. The results showed that collars demonstrated higher accuracy (94.2%) in detecting feeding and walking, while boluses surpassed them in monitoring chewing gum (97.8%). The combined use of both devices made it possible to achieve the maximum overall accuracy of behavior classification — 98.1%. Additionally, the effectiveness of the systems in detecting sexual hunting was investigated: the combined use of collars and boluses increased detection accuracy by 12% compared with separate use. The findings highlight the complementary role of wearable and implantable sensors in digital animal husbandry. The combination of technologies not only improves the monitoring of the physiological state of cows, but also opens up prospects for the creation of digital animal twins, which helps optimize herd management and increase the economic efficiency of dairy farms.

Relevance. Artificial intelligence tools are playing an increasingly important role in food technology and biotechnology, significantly accelerating and improving various processes. Operational control of colorimetric parameters of cherry extracts using computer vision allows for a quick assessment of the content of bioactive substances without the cost of experimental studies.
Methods. The objects of the study are samples of cherry extracts. Dilutions from 2 to 0.25% were prepared to obtain images of the test samples. The color characteristics of the extracts were determined using an NR60CP colorimeter. Quantitative determination of the total content of polyphenols in solutions of extracts of different concentrations was carried out using the Folin — Ciocalteu method. RGB images from a digital camera (50 MP) were obtained as input data for classifying objects and compiling a database. The Python programming language, OpenCV library and TensorFlow were used to develop image processing software. TensorFlow extracts features from photographs and adds them to the database.
Results. The research results showed that with an increase in the content of bioactive substances — polyphenols — the color of the extracts changes and becomes darker, which is confirmed by the results of the evaluation of color characteristics with a colorimeter: with an increase in concentration, the redness increases and the lightness of the samples decreases. A database was created by extracting features using the TensorFlow library from ready-made sample images. A program for assessing the content of polyphenols in extracts was developed in the Python programming language. The described model of the system for monitoring the quality of extracts using computer vision can facilitate the determination of the content of bioactive substances on an industrial scale, which requires significant time and resources.

Relevance. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the properties of dry egg white (SNB) with increased foaming ability and gelation on the qualitative characteristics of whipped candy masses used to produce sweets of the souffle type.
Research objectives: to conduct a qualitative analysis of protein samples using IR spectroscopy; to determine the foaming capacity and foam stability of the samples; to make model candy samples based on whipped candy mass; to evaluate the structural and mechanical characteristics of the candies; to conduct a comparative analysis of the organoleptic quality indicators of the samples.
The objects of the study are EWP samples from different manufacturing countries and candy samples made on their basis. The quality indicators of the samples, including foaming capacity and foam stability, were determined by analytical and physicochemical methods. A comparative evaluation of the obtained IR spectra of EWP in the IR region of 1700–1600 cm^-1, which characterizes the secondary structure of the protein, was carried out. A relationship was established between the pH of EWP and their foaming capacity. Structural and mechanical characteristics of sweets based on whipped candy masses containing EWP were determined. The color of the candy surface was determined using the CIELab scale immediately after the mass structure formation. Mathematical processing of the results was carried out using the Excel program. A set of analytical, physicochemical and structural-mechanical methods for assessing the quality of СЯБ and sweets based on them can be used for scientific substantiation of the choice of EWP for the manufacture of confectionery products of foamy consistency and increasing their competitiveness.
The results of the work can be used in analytical laboratories and confectionery industry enterprises to improve product quality.

Modern agricultural education faces the need to train highly qualified specialists who possess not only professional competencies, but also a developed language culture necessary for effective communication in a multicultural professional environment. The study is aimed at studying the readiness of future agronomists and agricultural specialists to develop a language culture in the context of modernization of the agricultural sector. A comprehensive analysis of the language training of students of agricultural universities was carried out, the main problems and contradictions in the formation of communicative competence of future specialists in the agro-industrial complex were identified. The empirical study included a survey of 280 students of three leading agricultural universities in Russia in 2023, using methods of statistical analysis, content analysis and expert assessment. The results showed that 67% of respondents demonstrate an average level of readiness for language activities, 23% — a high level, 10% — a low level. A direct correlation (r = 0.74) was found between the level of language training and the success of professional adaptation of graduates. It was established that the communicative competence of specialists in the agro-industrial complex is determined by the integration of motivational-value, cognitive-linguistic, operational-activity and reflexiveevaluative components. The results of the study are of practical importance for improving the educational programs of agricultural universities and forming an effective language policy in the system of agro-industrial education.

Relevance. The digital transformation of the Russian agro-industrial complex is a key factor in increasing the competitiveness and economic efficiency of agricultural production in the context of import substitution. Modern challenges to food security require scientific substantiation of the economic effects of introducing information technologies in the agricultural sector.
The purpose of the study is to determine the economic efficiency of introducing digital technologies in Russian agriculture and identifying priority areas of digitalization.
Methods. The methodological basis was economic and mathematical modeling, correlation and regression analysis of data from 450 agro-industrial enterprises of various types of ownership for the period 2022–2024.
Results. The results showed that digitalization provides an increase in labor productivity by 24.8%, a decrease in operating costs by 18.6%, an increase in production profitability by 16.9%. The correlation coefficient between the level of digitalization and economic indicators is r = 0.776. The greatest economic effect is provided by precision farming technologies (payback period of 2.7 years) and automated livestock management systems (3.2 years). The theoretical significance of the work lies in the development of a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of digital transformation of the agroindustrial complex.
The practical value lies in substantiating priority areas of state support and investment in digital technologies for various types of agricultural enterprises.

The digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex creates new requirements for human resources management, creating an urgent need for intelligent personnel selection tools. The study is aimed at developing a neural network model for automated comparison of the competencies of agricultural specialists with employers’ requirements. The methodological base includes analysis of Rosstat and the Ministry of Agriculture data for 2020–2024, a survey of 847 agricultural specialists, expert interviews with 38 heads of agricultural enterprises, and the use of machine learning methods. The results showed a 52% increase in demand for digital competencies over the period 2020–2024, the shortage of precision farming specialists is 34%. The developed neural network model demonstrates a matching accuracy of 87%, exceeding traditional methods by 31%. A correlation was found between the level of digitalization of enterprises and the transformation of personnel needs (r = 0.78). The system reduces the resume processing time from 45 to 2.8 minutes, provides forecasting of personnel needs with an accuracy of 82%.